1.现代管理学The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classical
theorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations.
2.例如一种管理理论For example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfaction
may be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production.
3.甚至在今天Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the
autobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.
4.尽管这些办法Although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas have
always replaced early ones.
5.在过去的30年During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the three
approaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science.
6.在这种情况下In this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieve
its objective.
7.例如严格的计划For example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tight
controls have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers.
8.换言之In other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations with
different management methods.
9.当然富有远见Of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success.
10.通常一份任务 A mission statement often focus on the market and customers that the
company serves.
11.这些管理人员These managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide the
organization toward its goals.
12.与其他人的沟通All the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectively
with them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills.
13.为了把梦想变成In order to transform vision to reality ,managers must define specific goals
and objectives.
14.最好的企业目标The best organizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,and
time limited.
15.折扣的发生A allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for some
reason.
16.企业在计算These refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computers
its net sales figure for the period.
17.一系列这样的A series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling the
business.
18.商人们谈及Businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking about
costs ,prices ,and profit.
19.一份损益表The basic components of an operating statement are sales ,costs ,and profit or
loss.
20.零售商们正在寻求Retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and hold
customers.
21.零售商们必须对Retailers must decide on three major product variables :product
assortment ,services mix ,and store atmosphere.
22.多数零售商不能Too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly.
23.零售商的价格A retailer’s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided in
relation to its target market , its product and service assortment ,and its competition
24.零售商使用Retailers use the normal promotion tools—advertising ,personal selling ,sales
promotion ,and public relations—to reach consumers.
25.零售商必须确定The retailers must determine both the product assortment’s width and its
depth.
26.制定正确价格The first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals.
27.对于产品和服务The basic ,long-term pricing framework for a good or service should be a
logical extension of the pricing objectives.
28.因此，在销售Thus ,changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in the
marketing mix.
29.低价格可以获取The low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market ,
resulting in lower production costs.
30.当生产由于技术Managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot be
expanded rapidly because of technological difficulties ,shortages ,or constraints imposed by the skill and time required to produce a product.
31.低价格可以吸引Low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market.
32.广告的基本功能The most basic function of advertising is to identify products and
differentiate them from others.
33.为了提高销售额To increase their sales or profit,companies develop marketing strategy by
using various marketing elements.
34.广告的另一个功能Another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new products
and to suggest reuse.
35.广告涉及到通过Advertising involves presenting the message,usually through the mass
media,to a large group of people know as target audience.
36.通过同时向许多人By informing many people at once about available products and
services,advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits,can ease the task of personal selling.
37.广告的定义有许多The definitions of advertising are many and varied.
38.广告是产品和服务Advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter the
market place.
39.市场营销组合是由The marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four Ps and they
are under the heading of product,price,place and promotion.
1.The three ( T )
2.In solving ( F )
3.In order words ( T )
4.The systems ( T )
5.Managers around ( T )
6.It seeks ( F )
7.Between the ( F )
8.Management is ( T )
9.To meet ( F ) 10.In order to ( T )11.As the ( T ) 12.A starting ( F ) 13.Technical skills ( F ) 14.And using ( F ) 15.An operating ( F ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c13307927.html,ually, however ( T ) 17.An allowance ( F ) 18.All this ( T ) 19.Today, national ( T ) 20.They see ( F ) 21.Most retailers ( T ) 22.For all ( T ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c13307927.html,rge retailers ( F )24.Small retailers ( T ) 25.A good ( T ) 26.A profit ( F ) 27.Theoretically ( T ) 28. A successful ( F ) 29.As a product ( T ) 30.A company’s ( T ) 31.Advertising is ( T ) 32.Advertising can ( F ) 33.The first ( T ) 34.The freedom ( T ) 35.Advertising itself ( T ) 36.All advertising ( F ) 37.All forms of ( T ) 38.advertising has ( F )
1. 古典方法Classical approach to Management
2. 管理学行为方法Behavioral approach to Management
3. 管理学科学方法Management science approach
4. （管理学）权变情境方法Contingency or situational approach to Management 1. 远见，洞察力Vision 2. 任务表述Mission statement 3. 长期目标Goal
1. 短期目标Objective
2. 管理结构Management pyramid
3.高层管理者Top managers 1. 战略目标Strategic goals 2. 中层管理着Middle managers 3.战术目标Tactical objectives 1.一线管理者First-line managers 2. 损益表Operating Statement
1. 销售总额Gross sales 2 价格折扣Allowance 3 净利润Net profit 1. 目标市场Target market
2.市场定位Market positioning 1. 中间商品牌Private brand or middleman brand 2.价格策略Price strategy
1. 撇指定价Price skimming
2. 渗透定价Penetration pricing 1. 基础价格Base price 2 促销活动Promotion campaign
3.目标受众Target audience 1. 促销组合Promotional mix 2.品牌忠诚Brand loyalty
1.The managers described their ( generalize ) 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验，还尝试去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则。
1、2.Even today , a great deal of ( memoirs ) 甚至在今天，我们所了解的管理学业都出自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
2、3.According to the text , ( classical ) ( behavioral ) ( management science) 根据本文，管理思想形成的三个重要方法是：古典方法，它着重工作和组织的管理；行为方法，它着重于对于人员的管理；管理学科学方法，它着重于生产和经营的管理工作。
3、4. During the last 30 years or ( integrate ) 在过去的30年中，人们试图把古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融为一体。
4、5. The contingency approach ( contingent ) 权变方法强调：管理活动的正确性取决于它怎样适应它所被用于的特殊环境。
5、6. In solving problems , ( dynamic ) 为了解决问题，管理者运用那些系统方法时必须把组织看成一个不断变化的整体，而且还必须预料到他们所做决定而产生的有意和无意的影响。
6、7. The age-old confrontation between ( conflicts ) 那由来已久的低生产成本的目标和一个较宽产品线的市场目标之间的矛盾是管理学问题内在联系性的一个很好的例子。两个目标之间相互冲突。
7、8. The objectives of individual parts must be ( compromised ) 组织内各个部门的目标必须和组织整体目标相一致。
9. The systems approach forces managers ( interdependent ) 系统的方法迫使管理者认识到组织是由相互依存的部门构成的整体系统，一个部门的变化会影响到其他部门。
10. The contingency approach has grown in ( popularity ) 权变理论在过去的二十年中变得非常流行。因为有研究发现，给定一个有确定特点的工作和一个有确定特点的做这项工作的人。那些具体的管理实践要比其他方法更好的发挥作用。
11. Managers around the globe use more of ( reliance ) 全球的管理者不仅仅只用权变理论为他们服务。单单只依靠古典的或科学的管理方法对组织来说是不够的。
12. Both the systems approach and the ( insights ) 系统管理方法和权变理论都可以提供有价值的洞察力，而且还能够补足古典的，行为的和科学的管理方法的不足。
13. In today’s innovative and competitive ( strive ) 在今天不断革新的、充满竞争的商业环
境中。那些努力预见并阐述未来的公司，常常会比那些只对现状做出反应的公司更有优势。
14. Communication , or exchanging information ( pervasive ) 交流或者是交换信息，是管理者运用的最重要的和最具渗透性的，人与人之间的管理技巧
15. Management ( entails ) planning管理伴随着计划、组织、协调、领导和控制资源（土地，劳动力，资本，信息）以期有效达到那些目标。
16. First-line managers need particularly strong ( automotive ) 一线管理者需要特别强的技术技能，因为他们直接用特殊专业的工具和技术进行工作，例如，自动化生产设备或电脑程序，因为他们管理其他的技术工人
17. To accomplish this , middle managers ( tactical ) 为了达到这个，中层管理者制定战术目标，它侧重于部门间的问题，也阐释了要达到组织目标的必要结果。
18. Henry Ford envisioned making ( affordable ) 亨利.福特想象制造对每个人来说都负担得起的交通工具
19. Encouraging employee to work together ( fostering ) 鼓励员工向着共同目标协同工作，与员工和其他管理者之间的相互作用，同合作者及供应商洽谈，发展员工的信任和忠诚，促进创造革新，所有这些活动都需要人际技能。
20. They also build a network ( peers ) 他们同样也建立一个同老板、同事和员工之间的关系网络。
21. The challenges of management ( conform ) 管理的挑战包括：维持组织结构，制定长期和短期计划，鼓励员工，和控制质量-----一项怎样使产品和服务更加贴近预期标准和顾客期望的措施。
22. As a result , they generally ( analogues ) 结果，它们通常不能够按照任何已制定的步骤和规则而被制定，即使是类似情况，相似的经历，或相同感觉提供的一些指导。
23. The company gives a price reduction ( invoice ) 公司给予一个价格的优惠在最初的发货清单上，但是消费者仍然享有商品和服务。
24. Therefore , all reductions , ( refunds ) 因此，所有的优惠、退款、交易的取消。还有诸如退货和价格折让等所有款项都从最初的总销售额中减去，得到净销售额。
25. Opening and closing ( inventory )打开和关闭库存数据是可用的,它期间花费的金额为购买转售的货品
26. Now let’s define the meaning ( skeleton ) 现在我们来定义损益表构架中各个条目的意义。
27. Gross ( margin ) (gross profit) is the销售总利润是包含销售费用和经营费用的钱。
28. They emphasize ( clarity ) and ( readability ) 他们强调清晰性和可读性而不是细节。
29. Many companies use ( financial ) 很多公司使用比这个表更少细节条目的资金流量表。
30. However , there is always some customer ( dissatisfaction ) 但是，总有一些顾客不满意或只是抱怨那些在货物整理和运送中的错误
31. Really , we’re only ( revenue ) 真的，我们只对公司没法保持的税收感兴趣。
32. An ( allowance ) occurs when折扣的发生时是因为消费者处于某些原因而对所购商品不满
33. On some occasions , ( storewide ) 有些情况下，他们经营整家商店的销售。
34. Or the retailer can offer ( overstock ) 或者零售商，可以提供令人惊喜的商品。就像它提供的限时抢购，过多存货和大拍卖一样多种多样的惊喜。
35. Should the store focus on ( upscale ) 商店应该侧重于高层消费者、中等消费者还是底层消费者。
36. Most retailers seek either ( markups ) 许多零售商想要高价格低消费或低价格高消费量。
37. Every store has a “feel”; ( cluttered ) 每个商店都有一种感觉，有点杂乱，有的迷人，有
的豪华，有点暗淡。
38. On others , they plan ( markdown ) 另一方面，他们对滞销品采用削价策略。
39. For all there reasons ( rethinking ) 由于这些原因，今天许多零售商都在重新考虑他们的市场策略。
40. In any city , a shopper ( assortment ) 在任何一个城市，一个消费者可以找到许多商品，但是差别不大
41. A bank should be quiet ( flashy ) 银行就应该是安静的，结实的，平静的，而夜店就应该是俗艳的，大声的，摇动的。
42. The store’s atmosphere ( arsenal ) 商店的氛围是关于它的产品供应的另一个因素
43. A profit ( maximization ) objective may一个利润最大化的目标，可能需要一个比公司可以提供的或想提供的更大的初始投资
44. Theoretically , total revenue is ( elasticity ) 理论上，总收入是一个关于价格和需求量的函数，需求量对取决于价格弹性
45. Thus , changing a price strategy ( alternations ) 因此，在销售组合中改变定价策略往往需要有戏剧性的变化
46. The pill allows patients to ( deterioration ) 这药物可以使病人避免年复一年身体恶化的痛苦并能有正常的生活
47. Firms can also effectively use ( breakthrough ) 公司可以有效的运用撇脂策略当产品被合法保护，当产品代表着一想技术突破或者当它有其他方法阻碍竞争者进入市场的情况下48. As long as demand is greater ( attainable ) 由于需求大于供给，所以撇脂是一项可行的策略
49. Skimming lets a company start ( gradually ) 撇脂策略使一个公司，以一个小的生产设备开始，当价格下降或需求上升时在扩大生产规模
50. Another problem wita penetration ( prestige ) 另一个关于渗透定价策略的问题是一个有影响的品牌运用渗透定价增加市场份额，然而失败。
51. A penetration strategy tends ( price-sensitive market ) 渗透定价策略在一个价格不稳定市场可能会达到很好的效果。当需求是弹性的时候，价格会下降的更快。因为市场可以通过一个低价策略而被扩大
52. Penetration pricing is at the ( spectrum ) 渗透定价策略在一系列定价策略的底部和撇脂相对应。渗透定价意味着对一个产品制定一个相对较低的价格，用这种方法来扩大市场。
53. Advertising is directed to ( nonpersonal ) 广告能够直接到达很多人，有着非人员的本质。
54. One of the functions of advertising ( preference ) 广告的作用之一是建立偏好和忠诚。
55. Advertising involves presenting ( audience ) 广告涉及到通过大众传播媒介向被称为目标受众的一大群人展示信息
56. General Motors or Panasonic ( sponsor ) 通用、松下是广告赞助商，因此它们应支付它们产品广告的费用
57. Some advertising even ( flyer ) 有些广告甚至通过挂在我们门上或放在购物中心汽车雨刷下的传单来到达我们
58. Advertising is the ( communication ) 广告是通常支付的非个人的信息沟通并且通常有说服力的、通过各种媒体的赞助商确定产品的性质有关
59. Advertising is sponsors ( campaign ) 广告赞助商们通过使用固定的和一致的促销活动来帮助建立品牌忠诚
60. Candler has printed ( coupon ) Cuudlor印制并分发了数以千计的折扣券、提供给
【英语】高考英语翻译专题训练答案及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brakes. 1．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular） 2．我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as） 3．只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep） 4．为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。（memory） 5．过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。（remember） 6．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，试试救援。（despite） 【答案】 1．Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai. 2．I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs. 3．Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night. 4．A film will be made/ shot in memory of those brave fire fighters. 5．It was three days later that she remembered leaving/having left her raincoat in the language lab. 6．Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue. 【解析】 【分析】 翻译题要力争做到译文的正确、准确、地道三个要求。正确就是译文没有明显的语言错误，准确是指考生能运用合适的词汇和句式完整的表述原意，地道是指译文不但无语言错误，而且用此选句符合英语习惯，意义表达生动灵活。所以，做翻译题时要综合运用词句知识，注意词汇的习惯搭配和句子时态、语态、人称和句式的选择。 1．表示“越来越……”，英语的表达方式为“比较级+and+比较级用于进行时里中。 2．表示“与……一样……”应该用“as+ adj./adv原级+as…”结构。 3．本句要注意两点：1. 动名词用作主语的用法；2. keep + sb./sth. + adj (做宾补)使……保持某种状态。 4．“为了纪念……”应选用“in the memory of”固定短语来表达。 5．解答本题要注意两点：1. 强调句型的运用；2. remember doing sth.记住做过某事。6．本句较为复杂，除了掌握despite作为介词可以接名词构成介词短语作状语外，还要注意句中谓语动词的准确选择和时态的确定，最后还要注意“实施援救”这一目的状语的表达。 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)
大学英语六级翻译练习题 Translation One (5minutes) Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 72. From what you would get angry with you friends, we can conclude you still ( 在意他的友情). 73. Man might think that few women fit him before his marriage, and ( 结婚后觉得适合自己的女人很多). 74. Among thousands of people ,you meet those you've met. Through thousands of years, with the boundlessness of time ( 没有早一步, 也没有晚一步, 刚巧赶上了). 75. Everyone has his inherent ability which is easily . ( 被习惯所掩盖, 被时间所迷离, 被惰性所消磨). 76. While our dream is confronted with the reality ,you always feel painful. Just trample on the pain, ( 要么你把痛苦踩在脚下). Translation Two (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 72.Scientists will have to _________________________________________________(提出增 加世界粮食供应的新方法). 73.The medicine _____________________________________________________(治愈了那 个老妇人的慢性咳嗽) which she had suffered 20 years. 74.Sometimes I fight for Mom and sometimes I fight for Dad, but I wish ________________________________________________________ (他们能让我从中完全解脱出来). 75.Many people believe that our species ___________________________________________ (有朝一日会濒临灭绝). 76.The doctor said that __________________________________________________ (保持饮 食均衡很重要). Translation Three ( five minutes) 72. He did very well in his exams , _________________________(考虑到他学的很少). 73. Beijing has announced that _________________________(在任何请光下，中国将不首先使
07年6月 87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) . 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话). 答案： 87. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you 07年12月 87 __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了). 89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时). 91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 答案： 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow 08年6月 87.Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.______(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill 答案
2017年6月大学练习题13篇汇总 1.中国菜 请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称，也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久, 流派(genre)众多，主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样，调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳，味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深，作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜，在海内外享有盛誉。 参考翻译: Chinese cuisine is a general term for the various foods from diverse regions and ethnic groups of China. It also refers to cooking styles originating from China. With a long history, Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main representatives of which are "Eight Cuisines". Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to the differences in climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Chinese cuisine contains a rich variety of seasonings, which is one of main factors contributing to different local special dishes. Chinese cuisine lays emphasis on
（英语）高考英语翻译真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
2020年6月大学英语六级翻译真题及答案2020年6月大学英语六级翻译真题及答案 In China, variety of foods and dishes is needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests and makes them impossible to finish the dinner. Typical menus of Chinese banquetinclude cold dishes to start and the following hot ones. For example，meat, chicken, duck and vegetables. In most banquets, a whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese cuisine. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally，although the Chinese do not eat any of theuncooked dishes，salads have also become popular. The banquet usually has at leasta bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast. 城市化 2020年是中国城市化进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发张对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发张理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就能够更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。 2020 was a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China as its population exceeded the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, about 350 million rural
2013年12月： 段落翻译： 试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结
- 1 - 2012年6月 87. Those flowers looked as if they (好长时间没有浇水了) 答案: had not been watered for quite a long time. 考点：look as if 虚拟语气后接过去完成时。 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is (比我的车便宜一千英镑) 答案: 1000 pounds cheaper than that of mine. 考点：比较级，不要漏掉指代词that。 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might (不妨听听音乐) 答案：listen to the music as well. 考点：固定搭配may as well：不妨。 90. He left his office in a hurry, with (灯亮着，门开着) 答案：the lights on and the door open. 考点：with后的伴随结构。 91. The famous novel is said to (已被译成多种语言) 答案：have been translated into several languages. 2011年12月 87. Charity groups organized various activities to raise money for the survivors of the earthquake. (为地震幸存者筹款) 88. Linda couldn’t have received my e-mail (不可能收到我的电子邮件), otherwise, she could have replied. 89. It’s my mother who/that keeps encouraging me not to lose heart (一直鼓励我不要灰心) when I have difficulties in my study. 90. The publishing house has to consider the popularity of this novel. (考虑这本小说的受欢迎程度)。
【英语】高考英语翻译练习题及答案 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
2010 年6 月六级真题 Passage One 发达国家中只有两个国家不能保证提供用于照料新生儿的带薪休假。去年春天，这两个国家中的一个——澳大利亚——放弃了这种令人质疑的殊荣，建立了自2011 年起开始实施的带薪家庭休假制。在美国这并没有成为新闻，我并不感到意外——现在我们是唯一没有这项政策的富有国家。 美国确实有一个明确的家庭政策，这就是于1993 年通过的《家庭和医疗休假法》。它规定要照料新生儿或处理家庭医疗问题的工人有资格享受时间长达12 个星期的不带薪休假。尽管此法案带来的利益不明显，但当时商务部和其他一些商业团体都极力反对，称其为“政府负责的人事管理”和“危险的先例”。事实上，民主党领袖一直都致力于将能促进工作与家庭关系平衡的措施形成法律条文，但每一次的努力都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。 正如耶鲁大学法学教授Anne Alstott 所辩解的那样，要肯定父母关爱的作用就要将家庭定义为一种社会商品，从某种意义上讲，社会要为此埋单。在她的书《无路可走：父母对孩子的亏欠以及社会对家长的亏欠》中，她认为父母在生活的多个方面都肩负重担：在谈到孩子的话题时，父母们“无路可走”：“社会希望也需要家长们能不间断地照看好他们的孩子，而且是人类用以开发智力、培养情感和树立道德的那种深度的、亲密无间的照看。社会还希望并需要父母们能坚守这一角色，18 年如一日，如有必要，甚至还可以更长。” 大部分父母出于爱都会照顾孩子，不照顾孩子的父母则会受到公众的处罚。换句话说，父母们所做的一切都是这个国家所密切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅从道德上来说是迫切的而且对这个社会的未来至关重要。国家在大多数保障儿童福利的家庭法律中都认可了这一点，而父母们在履行社会所强加给他们的、会改变其命运的义务时得到的帮助却甚少。把养育孩子视为个人选择、集体没有责任的做法不仅仅忽视了良好家庭教育所产生的社会效益，而且会抹杀这部分社会效益，因为当今天的孩子成为明天的具有生产力的公民时这部分社会效益会属于整个社会。实际上，据估计父母对孩子投入的价值，包括时间和金钱的投入（包括失去的薪水）相当于国内生产总值的20%—30%。如果这些投入能够产生巨大的社会效益——很明显能产生——那么为家庭提供更多的社会支持所带来的效益将会更加显而易见。 Passage Two 塔夫茨大学公民学习和参与信息研究中心(CIRCLE)一份新的调查显示，现在有比以前更多的年轻人参与投票选举，美国发展中心2008 年的一份调查也表明越来越多的年轻选民和活动家开始支持传统的自由事业。但要看出这些调查数字在现实生活中的意义并非易事。在总统竞选期间，巴拉克·奥巴马以希望和改变为宣传口号组成了不同种族之间和不同意识形态之间人们的联盟。当新一届政府执政下的现实生活步入正轨的时候，有些支持者可能会大失所望。随着国家进一步走入奥巴马执政时代，参与政治的年轻人是会继续支持奥巴马及其施政议程还是会渐行渐远？ “O（奥巴马的简称）一代”是《新闻周刊》新开的一个博客，致力于记录那些支持奥巴马的年轻人的生活。“O 一代”的作者们想就上面的问题做出回答。未来的三个月，Michelle Kremer 和其他11 位年龄从19 岁到34 岁不等的奥巴马支持者将会用博客来记录美国社会的主流生活，一个不同之处在于：通过将他们所有的观点和经历与新任总统及其领导下的政府紧密结合，这些博客作者试图开启一场对话，探讨在当今美国，年轻并且在政治方面活跃到底意味着什么。24 岁的Malena Amusa 是该博客的一位作者，也是来自圣路易斯的一位舞者，她将这一项目看做是即时记录历史的一种方式。Amusa 今年春天为了完成其著作前往印度，后来又去塞内加尔教授英语，她和她的朋友一直在谈论奥巴马当政会如何改变他们的日常生活，她希望把其中的一些观点和她的全球性视角写到帖子里。她很兴奋，要看清楚世界，“我不必等上15 年”，她这样解释说。 Henry Flores 是圣玛丽大学的政治学教授，他将年轻一代的政治力量归因于他们对科技的拥护。“网络使他们接触到更多的思想，”他说，“不同地区想法相同的人们就会聚到一起。”这正是“O 一代”博主们所期待的事情。结果可能会出现一群年轻人，就像他们在二战后生育高峰期出生的父母一样，伴随一种强烈的目的感而成长，他们也会改变此前从“X 一代”人身上所继承下来的冷漠形象。由一群普通但有抱负的年轻人来管理博客是个不小的挑战，但“O 一代”的成员能胜任这项任务。
2013 年12 月： 段落翻译：试卷二：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nUtntion)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以屮餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】MOSt PeOPIe Iike Chinese food. InChina, COOking is ConSidered as not only a Skill but also an art. The WelI-PrePared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. AlthOUgh COOking methods and food ingredient Vary WiIdly in different PIaCeS Of China, it is COmmOn for good CUiSine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. SinCe food is CrUCial to health, a good Chef is inSiStentIy trying to Seek balance between Cereal) meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as WeIl as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(InfOrmatiOn Technology),正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚 至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统 的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好 【番羽译答案】AS China CitiZens attaching great importance to the rapidly development Of Infor^mation TeChnoIOgy J SOme COIIege even Set it as a COmPUlSOry course. RegarCling to this PhenOmenon, PeOPle holding Clifferent views. SOme PeOPIe think it is not necessary, for StUdentS ShOUId Iearrl the traditiOnal curriculum. AnOther Part Of PeOPle think it is a need, because China ShOUld keep PaCe With the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that InfOrmatiOn TeChnoIOgy aroused PUbliC COnCer n. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清( the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在 六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料( beverage)之二，茶是中国的 瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【番羽译答案】"Would you Iike tea Or coffee?" Thaf S a question PeOPle Often asked When having meal. MOSt WeSternerS Will ChOOSe coffee, While the Chinese WOUId Iike to ChOOSe tea. ACCOrding to Iegend, tea WaS CIiSCOVered by a ChineSe emperor five thousand years ago, and then WaS USed to CUre disease. DUring the Ming and Qingdynasties, tea houses Were all OVer the country. Tea drinking SPreacl to JaPan in the 6th century, but it WaS not Until the 18th CentUry does it SPread to EUrOPe and AmeriCa. NOWadayS) tea is One Of the most POPUlar beverage in the WOrlcI, and it is not only the treasure Of China but also an important Part Of Chinese traditiOnand culture.
1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不 大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)