5A GRADE SCENIC SPOT
★★★★★Mogao Caves
PRODUCER: XINGXIN
ENGLISH NAME: SISSI
NUMBER:26110032
T H E C O N T E N T S
?Relevance as a tourist destination ?History
?Heritage attributes
?Special Local Snack
?Accommodation
Relevance as a tourist destination
The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes , also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas , form a system of 492 temples 25 km southeast of the center of Dun Huang, an oasis strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gan Su province, China.
The caves may also be known as the Dun Huang Caves, however, this term also include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dun Huang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, and the Yu Lin Caves farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art spanning a period of 1,000 years.
Murals
The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century
The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical [‘miθik?l] themes（传统神话主题）and portraits （画像）of patrons （赞助人）
A distinct Dunhuang style （截然不同的的敦煌风格）however began to emerge（浮现）during Northern Wei Dynasty
Murals
The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century.
The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical themes and portraits of patron.
A distinct Dun Huang style however began to emerge during Northern Wei Dynasty.
History
The construction of the Mogao Caves near Dun Huang is generally taken to have begun sometime in the fourth century AD.
According to a book written during the reign of Tang Empress Wu, Fokan Ji by Li Junxiu , a Buddhist monk named Lè Zūn had a vision of a thousand Buddhas bathed in golden light at the site in 366 AD, inspiring him to build a cave here.
The story is also found in other sources, such as in inscriptions on a stele in cave 332, an earlier date of 353 AD however was given in another document .He was later joined by a second monk Faliang , and the site gradually grew, by the time of the Northern Liang a small community of monks had formed at the site.
Members of the ruling family of Northern Wei and Northern Zhou constructed many caves here, and it flourishe in the short-lived Sui Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, the number of caves had reached over a thousand.
During the Tang Dynasty, Dun Huang had became the main hub of commerce of the Silk Road and a major religious centre. A large number of the caves were constructed at Mogao during this era, including the two large statues of Buddha at the site, the largest one constructed in 695 following an edict a year earlier by Tang Empress Wu Zetian to build giant statues across the country. The site escaped the persecution of Buddhists ordered by Emperor Wuzong in 845 as it was then under Tibetan control. As a frontier town, Dun Huang had been occupied at various times by other non-Han Chinese people..
After the Tang Dynasty, the site went into a gradual decline, and construction of new caves ceased entirely after the Yuan Dynasty. Islam had conquered much of Central Asia, and the Silk Road declined in importance when trading via sea-routes began to dominate Chinese trade with the outside world.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Silk Road was finally officially abandoned, and Dun Huang slowly became depopulated and largely forgotten by the outside world. Most of the Mogao caves were abandoned, the site however was still a place of pilgrimage and used as a place of worship by local people at the beginning of the twentieth century when there was renewed interest in the site.
Heritage attributes
?The caves were cut into the side of a cliff which is close to two kilometers long. At its height during the Tang Dynasty, there were more than a thousands caves, but over time, many of the caves were lost, including the earliest caves
?735 caves currently exist in Mogao, the best-known ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which are places of pilgrimage and worship
?248 caves have also been found to the north which were living quarters, meditation chambers and burial sites for the monks.
?The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain.
?The caves are clustered together according to their era, with new caves from a new dynasty being constructed in different part of the cliff.
Special Local Snack
Niang Pi
SaoZi surface
Steal money rice
Donkey yellow surface
Buckwheat noodles
Accommodation
There are some not only cheap but comfortable hotels. Like Dun Huang hotel, MoGao hotel.
Dun Huang hotel
MoGao Hotel
THANKS FOR VIEWING
BYE !
敦煌石窟 光绪二十六年（公元1900年）道士王圆箓发现"藏经洞"，洞内藏有写经、文书和文物四万多件。此后莫高窟更为引人注目。 1907、1914年英国的斯坦因两次掠走遗书、文物一万多件。 1908年法国人伯希和从藏经洞中拣选文书中的精品，掠走约5000件。 1910年藏经洞中的劫余写经，大部分运至北京，交京师图书馆收藏。 1911年日本人橘瑞超和吉川小一郎从王道士处，掠走约600件经卷。 1914年俄国人奥尔登堡又从敦煌拿走一批经卷写本，并进行洞窟测绘，还盗走了第263窟的壁画。 1924年美国人华尔纳用特制的化学胶液，粘揭盗走莫高窟壁画26块。、他们都以少量的银元，带走了大量的中国的灿烂文化。 1924年藏经洞中的劫余写经，其中一些贪官私藏了一些，大部分运至北京，交京师图书馆收藏。最后只剩下八千多件了 敦煌壁画以北朝和唐代为最盛。北朝壁画多“本生故事”，宣扬一种彻底的牺牲精神。北朝的时代是一个战乱的时代，民生多灾多难，备受苦难的人民把理想寄托在这些佛教理义上。到了唐代社会安定，壁画宣扬的良辰美景恰是对盛唐繁荣的现实世界的一种折射，作品充满健康、乐观的情调。 它始建于十六国的前秦时期，历经十六国、北朝、隋、唐、五代、西夏、元等历代的兴建，形成巨大的规模，现有洞窟735个，壁画4.5万平方米、泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大、内容最丰富的佛教艺术圣地敦煌石窟中以莫高窟建窟最早，内容最丰富。其余石窟,均系莫高窟的分支,西夏和元代的作品还可补莫高窟之不足。敦煌石窟上起十六国，下迄清1000余年间连续不断，形成了具有独特民族风格的敦煌石窟艺术体系。 莫高窟的主要艺术成就是塑像和绘画。这里的塑像是泥塑，不同于云冈和龙门的石像。这主要是因为三危山石质较粗，不能凿成佛像，所以工匠们才用泥塑。相传莫高窟始建于前秦建元二年（366年），而现存最早的洞窟开凿年代应为北凉（5世纪初），此后历经北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、西夏至元，由历代艺术家和能工巧匠累积完成，因而也呈现出不同时代的风格。北魏时期的塑像，体格高大，额部宽广，鼻梁高隆，眉眼细长，头发呈波浪状，袒露着上身，留下了印度艺术的浓重印记。隋代的塑像，面相丰满，鼻梁相对稍低，耳朵相对加大，脸部线条柔和了，整个身体比例虽然还不尽相称，但已中国化了，体现出一定的民族风格。唐代，莫高窟的雕塑达到了顶峰。这些雕塑完全抛弃了模仿痕迹，面容温和慈祥，神情庄严从容，服饰华美。天王像表现了男子的健美，让人感到威严、正直、勇猛、坚毅；菩萨像身段秀美，面庞圆润，嘴角带着微笑，胸臂袒露，衣裙轻薄，形象酷似现实中的妇女。 莫高窟，俗称千佛洞，是举世闻名的佛教遗址，位于敦煌市东南25公里的鸣沙山东麓，前临宕泉，东向三危山。据唐代碑文记载，莫高窟创建于前秦建元二年（公元366年），至十四世纪，边续千年凿窟造像不断。历经北凉、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、回鹘、西夏、元各个朝代，形成南北全长1680米的石窟群，共存洞窟700多个，其中有彩塑和壁画的洞窟492个，彩塑2000多身，壁画45000平方米，木构窟檐五座。莫高窟是现今世界上规模最宏大、历史最久长、内容最丰富、保存最良好的佛教遗址。 莫高窟各窟均由洞窟建筑、彩塑和壁画综合构成。洞窟建筑形式主要有禅窟、中心塔柱窟、佛龛窟、佛坛窟、大像窟等。塑绘结合的彩塑主要有佛、菩萨、弟子、天王、力士像等。壁画内容丰富博大，分为佛教尊像画、佛经故事画、佛教史故事画、经变画、神怪画、供养人画像、装饰图案等七类，是古代社会历史形象的反映。精美的彩塑与壁画系统地反映了各个时代的艺术风格及其传承演变。具有珍贵的历史、艺术、科技价值。 清光绪二十六年（公元1900年）发现了藏经洞，出土了四至十四世纪的文书、刺绣、绢画、纸画等文物4万余件。其中文书，大部分是汉文写本，少量为刻印本。汉文写本中佛教经典占90%以上，还有传统的经史子集，具有珍贵史料价值的"官私文书"等。除汉文外，还有古藏文、梵文、回鹘文、于阗文、龟兹文等多种少数民族文字。敦煌文书的发现是研究中国与中亚历史、地理、宗教、经济、政治、民族、文学、艺术、科技等的重要资料。莫高窟藏经洞发现后历经劫难，大批敦煌文物与石窟中的一些壁画和彩塑，先后被英、法、日、俄、美等国的盗宝者劫运国外，流散于世界上许多国家的图书馆与博物馆。这是"吾国学术之伤心史也"。 本世纪初以来，以藏经洞出土文书与敦煌石窟艺术为主要研究对象的"敦煌学"在全世界兴起，已成为当今国际上的一门显学。莫高窟，1961年被国务院列为全国重点文物保护单位，1987年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护名录。1944年，在莫高窟设立了保护研究的专门机构--国立敦煌艺术研究所，1950年更名为敦煌文物研究所，1984年扩大为敦煌研究院。莫高窟堪称世界最大的艺术宝库之一。
敦煌莫高窟简介 敦煌莫高窟简介由查字典语文小编整理并分享，欢迎老师同学们阅读。如果对你有帮助，请继续支持查字典语文网，并提出您的宝贵建议，小编会尽最大的努力给大家收集最好最实用的文章! 莫高窟，俗称千佛洞，坐落在河西走廊西端的敦煌。它始建于十六国的前秦时期，历经十六国、北朝、隋、唐、五代、西夏、元等历代的兴建，形成巨大的规模，有洞窟735个，壁画4.5万平方米、泥质彩塑2415尊，是世界上现存规模最大、内容最丰富的佛教艺术地。 1961年，莫高窟被中华人民共和国国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。1987年，莫高窟被列为世界文化遗产。 莫高窟与山西大同云冈石窟、河南洛阳龙门石窟、甘肃天水麦积山石窟并称为中国四大石窟。 敦煌是丝绸之路上的著名重镇和咽喉要道。前秦建元二年(公元366年)，乐僔[zūn尊] 和尚在敦煌鸣沙山创建了莫高窟最早的洞窟，到武则天时已有千余个窟龛。现尚存历代洞窟492个，壁画45000多平方米，彩塑2415身。这是一处由建筑、绘画、雕塑组成的综合艺术宝库。1900年，在莫高窟内又发现了藏经洞，从这个封闭了900年的洞里找到许多经卷文书，织绣、画像、文物共五万多件，其中有各种古代民族文字的写本。文物图书的年代包括从公元4世纪到14世纪十个世纪。这是本世纪初震惊中外学术界的一件大事。自从藏经洞打开后，研究敦煌的人越来越多，逐渐形成了“敦煌学”这门学科。 莫高窟主要的艺术创作是泥塑和壁画，二者融为一体，是一大特色。彩塑大体经过三个艺术发展时期，第一是早期，包括北魏、西魏、北周三个朝代。大多用高浮雕，造型厚重，手法简朴，人物一般直立或端坐，动态较少。第二是隋唐极盛期，每个窟龛都列置以佛为中心的群像，以3到11躯不等。最高的佛像是北大像，达33米，次则是南大像，高26米。菩萨像渐由早期的男相变为女相，姿态自由，身材匀称，肌肤细腻，装饰华丽，制作极为精细。天王力士比例协调、勇武有力、精神饱满。虽然塑造的总是那几个人物，但体型、面相、神态千差万别。造型敷彩以现实生活中的人物为蓝本，又适当夸张，如佛弟子迦叶的老成持重，阿难[nuó挪]的聪明俊秀，都刻画得极有个性。而且每个人物都成为独立的造型，不像早期塑像那样贴着墙壁。衣纹塑造也不像早期那样仅用阴刻线条表示，而是极其写实，表现出衣褶重叠，有逼真的立体感和质感。细部处理多用彩绘和金箔装饰，色彩对比强烈。同时克服了隋以前人物头部过大、身体僵硬的通病，肌体匀称，动作自如。第三个时期是衰落期，包括五代到元等朝代，气魄已远不如唐代，形象也较单调。
2019年6月大学英语四级翻译练习题：敦煌莫高窟 英语四级翻译练习题：敦煌莫高窟 敦煌是以莫髙窟(Mogao Caves)而著名的旅游胜地。在古代，敦煌是中国与其西方邻居之间的贸易中心。随着丝绸之路沿线贸易的蓬勃发展，敦煌迅速发展为中国历史上国际贸易最开放的地区。敦煌有1000多个石窟是在悬崖上雕刻出来的。石窟反映了丝绸之路的文明和历史上中国人民的宗教生活、艺术和习俗的重要方面，其中包括这个时期传入中国的佛教(Buddhism)。敦煌石窟一直被视为中国的国宝。 参考翻译: Dunhuang is a renowned tourist resort famous forthe Mogao Caves.In ancient times, Dunhuang wasthe center of trade between China and its westernneighbors. With the flourishing of trade along theSilk Road, Dunhuang quickly developed to becomethe most open area in international trade in Chinese histoiy. Over 1,000 caves were cut out ofcliffs in Dunhuang. The caves reflect Silk Road civilization and important aspects of Chinesepeople’s religious life, art, and customs in histoiy, including the introduction of Buddhism toChina during this period. Dunhuang grottoes have always been regarded as the nationaltreasure of China. 1.敦煌是以莫高窟而著名的旅游胜地:以...而著名可译为befamous for。类似短语还有be famous as(作为而著名)。旅游胜
mogao caves are the nation key cultural relic preservation organ, isnamed thousand buddhas cave, is situated west the gansu corridor enddunhuang, is world famous by the fine mural and the cast. itsbeginning constructs at 16 countries' former qin times, has beenthrough repeatedly 16 countries, the northern dynasty, sui, tang, fivegenerations, tangut , the yuan and so on all previous dynastiesconstructing, forms the huge scale, existing cavern 735, the mural45,000 square meter, argillaceous painted sculpture 2,415, are in theworld the extant scale is biggest, the content richest buddhism artplace. since the modern times had discovered the buddhist scriptureshole, in had 50,000 ancient times cultural relics, and grew speciallyto study the buddhist scriptures hole ancient book and dunhuang artdiscipline - dunhuang studies. but since mogao caves receive many people in the modern times for thedamage, the cultural relic massively drain, its integrity wasseriously destroyed. in 1961, mogao caves are announced by thepeople's republic of china state council one of for first batch ofnational key cultural relic preservation organs. in 1987, mogao cavesare listed as the world culture inheritance. mogao caves are located southeast the chinese gansu province dunhuang east 25 kilometer place mt. mingsha on the foothill cliff, first near dawdle quan river, face east, north and south length 1680 meters, height 50 meters.cavern distribution height scattered about, row after row, about most has five.its beginning constructs at 16 country times, ?°the li obliging repairs mogao caves niche for a statue of buddha tablet?± according to tang the record. the mogao caves extant northern wei dynasty to yuan cavern 735, divides into the north and south two areas.south the area is mogao caves' main body, is engaged in the religious activities for the clergy the place, some 487 caverns, have the mural or make an idol.north the area has 248 caverns, in which only then 5 existence murals or makes an idol,but after other all is the clergy leads a pious life the place which, the housing and the death buries, has life facilities and so on the adobe bed, stove kang, flue, niche, desk lamp.two area total 492 cavern existence mural and makes an idol, has the mural 45,000 square meter, the argillaceous painted sculpture 2415, tang songmu constructs cliff eave 5, as well as several thousand lotus flower pillars, spread out on the floor the decorative brick and so on.
女士们，先生们，欢迎来到历史悠久的敦煌莫高窟，我是你们的导游，大家叫我小潘吧！敦煌莫高窟可是中国四大石窟之一哦！四大石窟还有：龙门石窟、云冈石窟和麦积山石窟。但是这些石窟都不能和敦煌莫高窟比美，因为敦煌莫高窟可是世界上最大的石窟呢！它的历史也很悠久，它修建于十六国的前秦时期，北朝、隋朝、唐朝、五代、西夏和元朝这几个朝代都修建过。说完了这些，就跟我到敦煌莫高窟中去看看吧！ 你们看，这就是敦煌莫高窟西南方向的一个洞窟：西千佛洞，你们猜这个洞有多长吗？一定不知道吧，其实这个洞有2.5公里长呢！这些泥巴彩塑在这个洞里有34个呢，但是整个莫高窟的彩塑就有2415 个呢！ 各种各样的石窟大小不一，最大的第16窟达268平方米，最小的第37窟才高不到一英尺。莫高窟壁画绘于洞窟的四壁，窟顶和佛龛内。内容非常的博大精深，主要有佛像、佛教的故事、佛教史迹、经变、神怪、供养和装饰图案等七类题材，此外还有很多生活方面的画作。好了，说了那么多，我们就去参观下一个景观吧！ 好了，敦煌莫高窟游览结束，欢迎有机会再到这里来玩。 大家好！欢迎大家来到敦煌莫高窟，我是你们的张导游，请大家保护它的卫生，不要乱涂乱画，随时注意安全。 莫高窟又名千佛洞，坐落于中国西部甘肃省敦煌市东南二十五公里处鸣沙山的悬崖上，石窟南北长一千六百余米，上下共五层，最高处达五十米，现存洞窟四百九十二个，壁画四万五千余米，彩塑两千四百一十五身，飞天塑像四千余身，莫高窟规模宏大，历史悠久，与山西省云南石窟、河南龙门石窟并称为中国的“三大石窟艺术宝库。” 莫高窟最初开凿于公元三六六年，至公元一二一七年——一三六八年基本结束，期间经过不断开凿，使莫高窟成为集各时期世界上最庞大、内容最丰富、历史最悠久的佛教艺术宝库，同时也表现出历代劳动人民的杰出智慧和非凡的成就。 莫高窟旁边长满了草，这些杂草不仅在旁边装饰，还长得又高又密，两旁栽了粗壮的大树，便也成了这里一道风景，从远望去，莫高窟在青草绿树之间，多漂亮呀！ 好了，各位游客，游览现在开始，莫高窟确实很美丽，祝愿大家旅行快乐、心情愉快。 亲爱的游客们，大家好!我姓王，大家可以叫我王导。 今天我们要去的地方是敦煌莫高窟。现在，我来为大家介绍一下敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟又名千佛洞，坐落于中国西部甘肃省敦煌市东南二十五公里处鸣沙山的悬崖上，石窟南北长一千六百余米，上下共五层，最高处达五十米，现存洞窟四百九十二个，壁画四万五千余米，彩塑两千四百一十五身，飞天塑像四千余身，莫高窟规模宏大，历史悠久，与山西省云南石窟、河南龙门石窟并称为中国的“三大石窟艺术宝库。” 莫高窟最初开凿于公元三六六年，至公元一二一七年——一三六八年基本结束，期间经过不断开凿，使莫高窟成为集各时期世界上最庞大、内容最丰富、历史最悠久的佛教艺术宝库，同时也表现出历代劳动人民的杰出智慧和非凡的成就。 莫高窟旁边长满了草，这些杂草不仅在旁边装饰，还长得又高又密，两旁栽了粗壮的大树，便也成了这里一道风景，从远望去，莫高窟在青草绿树之间，多漂亮呀! 这就是我们今天要欣赏到的风景。现在我的游览开始，最后说一句：莫高窟确实很美丽，我祝愿大家旅行快乐、心情愉快。
敦煌莫高窟英文介绍 发 Mogao Caves are the nation key cultural relic preservation organ, isnamed Thousand Buddhas Cave, is situated west the Gansu Corridor endDunhuang, is world famous by the fine mural and the cast. Itsbeginning constructs at 16 countries' former Qin times, has beenthrough repeatedly 16 countries, the Northern Dynasty, Sui, Tang, fivegenerations, Tangut , the Yuan and so on all previous dynastiesconstructing, forms the huge scale, existing cavern 735, the mural45,000 square meter, argillaceous painted sculpture 2,415, are in theworld the extant scale is biggest, the content richest Buddhism artplace. Since the modern times had discovered the Buddhist scriptureshole, in had 50,000 ancient times cultural relics, and grew speciallyto study the Buddhist scriptures hole ancient book and Dunhuang artdiscipline - Dunhuang
5A GRADE SCENIC SPOT ★★★★★Mogao Caves PRODUCER: XINGXIN ENGLISH NAME: SISSI NUMBER:26110032
T H E C O N T E N T S ?Relevance as a tourist destination ?History ?Heritage attributes ?Special Local Snack ?Accommodation
Relevance as a tourist destination The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes , also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas , form a system of 492 temples 25 km southeast of the center of Dun Huang, an oasis strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gan Su province, China. The caves may also be known as the Dun Huang Caves, however, this term also include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dun Huang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, and the Yu Lin Caves farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art spanning a period of 1,000 years. Murals The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 14th century The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical [‘miθik?l] themes（传统神话主题）and portraits （画像）of patrons （赞助人） A distinct Dunhuang style （截然不同的的敦煌风格）however began to emerge（浮现）during Northern Wei Dynasty
2018年12月英语四级翻译模拟:敦煌莫高窟 请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 敦煌莫高窟(Dunhuang Mogao Caves)坐落于中国西部甘肃省。这些石窟刻于距离敦煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山的悬崖上。敦煌莫高窟是规模最大、保存时间最长的佛教(Buddhist)艺术宝库，现存735个洞窟，壁画(frescoes)4万5千多平方米。这些壁画展现了佛(Buddha)的形象和活动以及人与神之间的关系。敦煌壁画中的舞蹈人物是全人类的一颗璀璨的宝石。敦煌莫高窟在1987年被列入世界遗产名录（World Heritage Iist）。 参考译文： Dunhuang Mogao Caves are located in western China's Gansu Province. These caves were cut a cliff 25 kilometers southeast to Dunhuang, on a mount called Mingsha. Dunhuang Mogao Caves are regarded the biggest and the longest preserved Buddhist art treasures, with more than 46,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves. Dunhuang frescoes display Buddha's images and behaviour, and the relationship between Buddha and men. Dancing images in Dunhuang frescoes are a brilliant jewel for all human beings. Dunhuang Mogao Caves was on the World Heritage List in 1987.
美术鉴赏之敦煌莫高窟 引言：中国是世界四大文明古国之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国美术也同样源远流长，具体鲜明的名族风格和卓越成就，在世界美术之林独树一帜。而在学习这门课的过程中，通过了解中国美术的光辉历史，丰富文化修养，培养高尚的审美情趣。而鉴赏能力的提高不仅能够使我们对美的认识能力提高，还能净化我们的心灵，升华我们的感情，美化我们的生活。而莫高窟地处丝绸之路的一个战略要点。它不仅是东西方贸易的中转站，同时也是宗教、文化和知识的交汇处。而莫高窟，则以其雕像和壁画闻名于世，向全世界人们展示了延续千年的艺术。 一．莫高窟的雕塑 莫高窟又名“千佛洞”是集建筑、雕塑、绘画于一体的立体艺术，，南北长1600余米，上下共五层，最高处达50米。现存洞窟492个，壁画45000余平方米，彩塑2415身，飞天塑像4000余身。莫高窟规模宏大，内容丰富，历史悠久，与山西云岗石窟、河南龙门石窟并称为中国“三大石窟艺术宝库。古代艺术家在继承中原汉民族和西域兄弟民族艺术优良传统的基础上，吸收、融化了外来的表现手法，发展成为具有敦煌地方特色的中国民族风俗的佛教艺术品，为研究中国古代政治、经济、文化、宗教、民族关系、中外友好往来等提供珍贵资料，是人类文化宝藏和精神财富。 在隋唐时期，隋文帝杨坚允许百姓出家为僧尼及营造经向，安置北周灭法时所破坏的佛教造像，提倡僧俗修造佛像，严禁官民毁坏佛教造像。使得佛教大肆发展起来，在唐代一度成为社会思想领域里的重要支柱。敦煌莫高窟也在这一时期迅速发展壮大。隋朝开皇年间，政府派人来远处的西陲的敦煌莫高窟进行营造。隋代洞窟形制，多数承袭北朝的“支提”式，窟的中央作四方龛柱，方柱的前面和左右两面各凿一龛，龛中塑佛像。且佛龛加深，壁面趋于垂直，佛、罗汉、菩萨不再像北朝的那样身体过于前倾。塑像的尺寸加大，彩绘和塑造的结合更加讲究，色彩绚丽，造型丰厚圆润，一改北朝清癯瘦削型的旧观。莫高窟的塑像在数量上和内容的丰富性上虽然不及壁画，但它是礼拜对象，是洞窟的主体。泥塑比石雕、木雕和金属铸造，在制作工艺上有着更多的自由，所以，塑像显得格外细致、真实自然和生动活泼。而17窟唐代河西都憎统的肖像塑，和塑像后绘有持杖近侍等，把塑像与壁画结为一体，为我国最早的高僧写实真像之一，具有很高的历史和艺术价值。菩萨、供养天均作少女形象，大都头梳高髻，腰系羊肠裙，袒胸露臂而赤足。端庄秀丽，温柔典雅。集中体现了隋唐时
莫高窟英语导游词3篇 莫高窟英语导游词3篇 敦煌莫高窟壁画艺术作为敦煌艺术的重要代表之一， 莫高窟英语导游词范文1： Hi, everbod. No I take ou to visit the orld famous buddhist art treasure house, dunhuang mogao grottoes. The mogao grottoes from 25 km southeast of dunhuang it, I use this time, just the mogao grottoes do a simple introdution first. The mogao grottoes is a melting at an organi hole, painting, sulpture and arhiteture is given priorit to ith all paintings, statues of large ave temples. Its ave shape mainl buddhist grotto, enter pillar at, at temple, buddhist altar at, 4 alls three reess hole, big like nirvana at, at. The at size is far, the biggest at 16 of 268 square meters, the minimum high at not YingChe 3 7. Wat outside the original ooden house, and a orridor onnets, plank road, has no more. Mogao grottoes murals painted on the alls of aves, at top and nihes, and profound ontent, mainl inlude the figure of Buddha, buddhist stories, histori, JingBian, fantasti, kuha, deorative pattern and so on seven lasses, there are a lot of performane hen hunting, farming, textile, transportation, ar,
中国文化英文介绍 1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama 23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar 43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
小学语文五年上《莫高窟》
苏教版小学语文五年级上册第五单元 《莫高窟》教学设计 乘风学校张於教材分析： 课文生动描述了敦煌莫高窟的彩塑、壁画和藏经洞，把莫高窟这一举世闻名的艺术宝库展现在我们面前，赞扬了我国古代劳动人民的无穷智慧和伟大的创造力。全篇结构清晰，叙述具体，文字浅显。学生理解文本内容的难度不大，只要注重语言的积累和写法的借鉴即可。 教学目标： 1.正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，背诵课文2—4自然段。 2.通过品读语言，充分感知课文。学习并掌握课文围绕中心句把内容写具体、写生动的方法。 3. 理解莫高窟在世界文化史上的地位，体会我国古代劳动人民的无穷智慧和伟大的创造力。激发学生的民族自信心和自豪感。 教学重点： 正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文，背诵课文2—4自然段，理解课文内容。 教学难点： 凭借课文中的具体语言，理解莫高窟在世界文化史上的地位，增强民族自豪感。 第一课时
教学过程： 一. 谈话导入，激发兴趣 （配乐并出示相关图片）教师激情讲述：同学们，在我国大西北的怀抱里，有一颗熠熠生辉的明珠——敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟，又名“千佛洞”，位于甘肃省敦煌市东南25千米处，是闻名中外的石窟，是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完好的佛教艺术宝库。据传莫高窟始建于前秦时期，已历经千年岁月的洗涤，现存石窟492洞，保存着彩塑3000多尊，壁画4.5万平方米，是世界艺术史上惊人的奇迹。1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。你们想去见识一下这个令华夏儿女倍感自豪的地方吗？今天，就让我们一起走进——莫高窟。（板书课题，学生齐读课题。） 【设计意图：增加学生对敦煌的兴趣，为下面的课堂活动营造良好的学习氛围】 二．小组合作，初探敦煌 1.明确小组学习任务： （1）自由轻声朗读课文，读准字音，读通句子。 （2）联系上下文理解文中的生字新词的意思。 （3）思考：课文从哪几个方面介绍了莫高窟的艺术成就，并按照课文的写作顺序编写一份段落提纲。 （4）根据课文内容完成填空练习。 2.学生小组合作，完成学习任务，教师巡视指导。 3.汇报自学情况（各小组自主选择汇报方式及内容）。
1Dear teacher and classmates: Today's topic is travel, we may have been to a lot of scenic places, but,today I want to introduce the spectacular scenery for you. now, please listen to a short music and imagine where is here? What about do you think?（音乐1） where is here? Yes, It is Dunhuang.Do you think anout some thing? 2 yes ,there are some flying, camel, Mogao Grottoes, desert and so on , may be most of us have not been to there, I would not say there picturesque more beautiful than Jiangnan, but it is certainly different views. I hope that we can have the opportunity to take a look it, the northwest region of the motherland such a magical and beautiful place.today,Let me as host to introduce and taste of Dunhuang in the magic and beauty of the landscape and features. 3Dunhuang is located in the ancient Chinese roads leading to the Western, Central Asia and Europe - the Silk Road, the famous city on the ancient Silk Road in China. It is like a green pearl inlaid on the vast sea of sand. 敦, it means large, 煌,it means prosperous, all the means is the grand splendor meaning, It is revealing Dunhuang's importance in the economic, cultural, political at ancient period, just like上海or Hongkong now. 4 5Dunhuang is located remote location in Gansu western. In General,if you want to there must use the main travel transport: train and plane, This is Dunhuang railway station and airport, the train is safe and economical, but it’s slow,you need spend 40 hours from shanghai. Although the plan’s tickets are very expensive, from Shanghai about 2000 yuan. but it’s vest fast, someone like it than train. 6 There are some famous attractions for worthwhile to visit in Dunhuang .If we have a change to go there,you must visit the some famous views ,such as The Mogao Grottoes ；Crescent Moon Spring；The Echoing-Sand Mountain；Yadan landform；West Thousand-Buddha cave；West Lake Nature Reserve；YangGuanScenicArea；YuMenGuanScenicArea；Dunhuang movie and Television City and so on. 7 First to introduce the Mogao Grottoes,t he right is。 8 下面是莫高窟的中文介绍。9 10 11Some Foreign tourists were evaluated of Mogao such as words : "When I visited the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, just as saw the world's ancient civilizations." Mogao Grottoes is the oldest, largest, richest galleries in the world' "，"It is the greatest treasure house of the extant Buddhist art in the world." now,let’s go.(视频1) Now I will be introduced by digital movie Mogao Grottoes。The Mogao Grottoes, located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, chiselling in The Echoing-Sand Mountain cliff. North and South over 1600 meters long, one above the five level of patchwork. It is China's largest existing and best preserved, most content-rich classical cultural treasure house of art, and the world famous center of Buddhist art. Now,you see the Mogao Cave 96, known as the "Great Buddha" people's habits. It is Nine-story and the high is 45 meters, depending on the cliff and built location the Mogao on Temple Grottoes middle of the inside is dedicated to the world's largest indoor cross-legged sitting the Nitai(石胎泥塑彩绘)Maitreya Bodhisattva statues. Buddha, 35 meters high, is the third largest seated Buddha in China。The lower part of the Big Buddha accommodate the space while the upper small plane was square. Outside the building to open two channels, both available nearby to watch the Big Buddha, the Buddha head and waist light sources. This cave eaves Tang Wende first year (888 years) existed, then layer 5, the Northern Song Dynasty Conduit four years (966 years) and the Qing Dynasty rebuilt and changed to a four layer. Rebuilt again in 1935, to form a 9-layer modeling. 12 13 14 15coloured sculpture 彩塑