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西方体育伦理学价值理念体育作为一项全球性的文化现象，一直以来都与人类的道德与伦理息息相关。
在西方文明中，体育的伦理学价值理念已被广泛讨论和研究，这些价值理念不仅影响着体育竞技的各个方面，也对社会文明的发展产生着积极的影响。
首先，作为体育竞技的重要价值观，公平竞争与诚实赛事在西方体育伦理学中受到了极大的重视。
在运动员之间进行公平竞争是体育竞技的基本原则，这也是体育竞技的核心价值。
体育竞技的公平竞争需要依靠体育规则的制定和执行，以及运动员和教练员以及裁判员等所有参与者共同努力来维护。
其次，尊重个人权利是西方体育伦理学的又一重要价值观。
每个人都应该被尊重，无论他们在体育竞技方面的表现如何。
这种尊重来自于对人权的普遍认可，体育竞技场上的运动员和观众也同样需要得到尊重，这样才能使得体育竞技更加公正和公平。
在西方体育伦理学的理念中，另一个重要的价值观是团队合作。
在这个理念中，运动员、教练员和其他参与者必须学会相互合作，共同努力才能够达到最好的结果。
在体育竞技中，团队合作还包括与对手和裁判员之间的互相信任和尊重。
此外，在西方体育伦理学价值理念中，挑战和成就感也是非常重要的一部分。
运动员需要不断地挑战自己的极限，同时也需要享受他们取得的成就，并且从中获得愉悦与满足感。
在对待失败的问题上，西方体育伦理学同样强调了宽容和尊重。
成功与失败在体育竞技中是很常见的两种情况，但不管是哪种情况，在比赛结束之后都应该对运动员保持尊重，同时在失败时向他们提供支持和安慰。
最后，西方体育伦理学还富有包容性和多样性的思想。
体育竞技对于任何一个人来说都是开放的，并且允许参与者来自当地和全球各地。
在西方体育伦理学的理念中，人们应该理解和尊重不同人群间的文化和个人差异。
总之，西方体育伦理学价值理念显示出了很高的文明和社会责任感，在今天与未来的体育竞技发展中都起着重要的指导作用。
这些价值理念不仅仅对体育有积极的影响，也可在我们日常生活中看到它们的体现。
中西方体育文化的概念
中西方体育文化，是指不同区域、不同文化背景下所产生的体育观念、体育活动和体育产业的不同的文化特征。
中西方体育文化在观念上存在一定差异。
中方体育文化注重团体合作，讲究博爱与荣辱共担，强调集体主义与道德纲常。
西方体育文化注重个人表现，强调竞争与胜利，崇尚个人主义和自由精神。
在体育活动方面，中方体育文化注重传统文化的承续与发扬，竞技程度相对较低，但参与度非常广泛，如太极拳、武术、乒乓球等。
西方体育文化则注重创新和实用性，竞技程度非常高，如足球、篮球、网球等。
在体育产业方面，中方体育文化较为保守，主要以公共体育为主，发展较为滞后。
西方体育文化则非常注重商业化和市场化，发达程度非常高，数亿美元的体育产业链已经形成，包括赛事组织、广告、转播、球衣等多个领域。
总的来说，中西方体育文化的概念差异很大，两者的体育观念和实践方式都各有特点和优劣，但都在不断影响着世界范围内的体育运动。
姓名：穆宇琴班级：社体1201 学号：47东西方体育文化的认识根据东西方的文化背景、体育竞赛的项目、对待体育竞赛的态度等，我认为东西方体育文化有以下一些差异。
第一，我认为传统的东方体育文化以“阴柔”、健身、养生为主；而西方体育文化则是一种竞技体育，以“阳刚”为主，以竞技为目的。
如：中国的太极拳，其运动难度小、强度低，主要以强身健体为目的；而西方的马拉松，运动的强度大，易损害身体，更加注重对自我极限的挑战与超越。
造成这种差别主要是由于东西方文化背景不同。
第二，我认为传统的东方体育精神文化追求的是静态美的文化，强调和谐的运动观。
就是通过身体锻炼来促进的内在精神的升华。
而西方传统文化是动态文化，他们更注重把体育的价值直接指向运动和肌肉健美、体格健壮。
第三，我认为东方体育是感性和理性的结合，中国人的体育活动不讲究对抗而讲究欣赏，因而在很大程度上被艺术化了。
譬如，武术中的花拳绣腿，虽然也包含了健身与格斗的实用性，但真正的对抗性不强。
而西方则更加偏向于感性，是一种宣泄，如，西方的拳击比赛，有些感性迷狂，肉体沉醉，是西方“兽性体育”的表现。
第四，我认为东、西方对待体育竞赛的胜负观不同，传统中国体育文化认为竞技的胜负本身无足轻重，“胜亦可喜，败则无忧”，如：中国许多中小学体育比赛中“友谊第一，比赛第二”的口号、而西方竞技体育则以比赛的输赢为目的。
他们提倡超越对手，超越自我，比赛是在互相的较量中完成的。
第五，我认为东方体育文化更加注重集体主义，而西方体育文化则比较注重个人主义。
如：中国的“举国体制”和“奥运争光计划”，注重的是国家的利益，而西方体育训练则采取俱乐部式的经营管理，更加侧重于个人利益。
虽然，传统的东西方文化存在很大的差异，但在目前，世界文化在互相开放和交往中日益趋同，中西方体育文化也逐渐走向融合，呈现出更多的共同之处。
如：在表现奥林匹克精神时，口号为“更高、更快、更强”，后来又补充了一些具有东方文化色彩的口号，如“贵在参与”。
古代体育的俩个体系的体育哲学1.中国文化就是以中庸精神为核心的礼乐文化，提倡中庸思想，讲究忠恕之道，凡是恰到好处，不能过分，不要偏倚，即温，良，恭，俭，让，中国体育文化讲究天人合一，强调和谐的运动观，重集体，求同。
2.西方，古希腊古罗马为代表西方哲学观是天人相对，天人有别，人生观是求价值，谋进取，趋极端即敢、强、险、异。
以个人为本，带有浓重的个人主义色彩，求异。
医学：从古老的《三世医学》到汉代《黄帝内经》确立了中医学认识人体生理、病理以及防病、治病的基本理论,同时也确立丁中国传统体育的医学基础。
并不是建立在对人体的深入细致的科学的认识基础上,并不是建立在对人体的深入细致的科学的认识基础上,而是具有某种经验的,直觉的、模糊的性质,甚至还带有几分神秘。
这就使它很难按照自身的、固有的方向发展到更科学的层次。
审美观/ 美在不同的时代或国家、民族有着不同的标准, 它反映出一个民族的心理特征。
审美观是受不同文化影响所产生的最为直接的外在表现形式。
在审美观上, 中西方体育文化体现出了明显的差异。
中国体育的审美观与我国几千年来形成的传统的美学观念、意识、思想等有着密切的联系。
它强调整体效果和直观感受, 着眼于从人体本身与自然的统一美; 注意精、气、神的统一;形态美、韵律美、节奏美、内涵美、力量美的综合体现。
我国的体育审美观表现为写意、写神, 是一种含蓄、宁静、抽象的美。
西方体育则将美感外显, 强调运动和体格健壮, 注重对人体外形的称颂以及身体的外部运动。
追求人体运动过程中表现出的力量之美、速度之美、柔韧之美、灵巧之美、形体之美, 突出和崇尚人体形象的真与美。
西方的审美表现为写形, 是一种热情、奔放、直观、具体的美。
中西方体育价值观的差异
中西方体育价值观的差异不可否认，本质上来讲，它们是以不同的健康文化背景为基础的。
在中国，传统的体育受到“仁、义、礼、智”的传统价值观指导。
运动在中国主要是为了健
康而进行的，没有目标，追求谦逊、耐心和团结协作。
而在西方，
体育受到“竞争性、自发性和成就感”的价值观指导。
竞争是西方体育最重要的价值，因此
很多运动变成了一种游戏，强调胜利作为获胜的手段，具有积极性和进取性。
结果，西方
体育更被视为提高技巧和技能以及兴奋、娱乐的活动。
总之，中西体育价值观的差异表明，传统的价值观在西方和中国的文化中有着不同的作用。
尽管如此，体育在两种文化中都被认为是一项重要的元素，其最终目的是促进健康和积极
影响人们的生活。
浅析中西方体育文化的差异摘要：采用文献资料法，通过对中西方体育文化的差异性比较，探讨了在体育全球化的今天, 中西方体育文化存在着相互交融和互补是大势所趋，也是促进文化变迁和演进的不竭源泉与动力。
关键词：体育文化价值选择历史文化背景地理环境精神实质思维方式引言：体育文化作为文化的一个分支，是作为人的以身心健康和全面发展为目的的身体运动及相关文化体系。
是人类顺应和满足自身需要而创造出来的成果。
在所有的体育文化模式中，中西方体育文化模式及其要素众多和组合有机，尤其显著地体现了人类体育文化的结构和组合特征，具有十分重要的探讨价值。
由于目前世界体育文化逐渐整合，为了更鲜明地阐明中西方体育文化的差异，将我国体育文化与西方体育文化进行了比较。
一.中西方体育文化在精神实质上的差异体育的健身价值已经被全世界所认同，但是不同的文化所影响的群体他们对健身作用的认识也不同，在西方国家非常注重体育对于身体各部分器官、机能锻炼的作用，在激烈的活动中达到促进健康的目的。
我国受传统体育思想的影响，注重修生养性，形成了一种对于体育活动健身价值的漠视态度。
在健康需要的时候，往往不能转变到体育作为一种休闲娱乐的观念上来，将其健身的作用突出表现出来。
中西方体育文化差异的主要影响因素有价值观念、思维方式、道徳情操、情绪、民族性格等，这些因素构成了文化的有机体，决定了自我文化的发展类型和主导潮流。
无论哪一种体育文化都应该从社会文化的高度来指导社会实践，当前体育价值观念的更新，关系到今后体育的发展方向，因此必须高度重视。
体育竞技意识、体育审美情趣、体育进取精神，这些体育价值观念对于一个人社会心理的影响起若非常重要的作用。
因此，体育文化的发展要在继承自我文化精华的同时，还要借鉴和学习其他文化中优秀和先进的体育文化，把我们对体育文化的认识提高到一个新的层次上来，以适应现代社会的发展需要。
二.中西方体育文化在价值选择上的差异在中国的传统文化中，伦理思想贯穿其始终，融会在中国传统的哲学、改治、历史、文化、教育思想中并且紧密地结合在一起，这是中国传统文化最显著的特征。
2023年度中西方体育教育观念的比较研究随着社会的快速发展和人们观念的不断升级，体育教育在全球范围内逐渐成为一个热点话题。
不同国家、不同地区的体育教育观念也各不相同，中西方体育教育观念之间的比较和交流对于双方探索更加科学、有效的体育教育方式和方法至关重要。
2023年到来的现在，我们分别从中西方的角度来分析并对比各自的体育教育观念。
一、中国体育教育观念的特点中国体育教育文化源远流长，自古以来，就有“文武双全”的理念，重视身体锻炼的“身体力行”精神。
但在近几年，由于教育体制、传统文化以及社会环境等多种因素影响，中国体育教育仍存在一些亟待解决的问题：1、依赖传统教育模式：中国的教育体系长期以来倾向于道德、智力和文化知识的培养，而对于体育和艺术等非学科教育的重视程度相对较低。
在教育内容和方式上，体育仍有着传统化的认识，停留在单纯的技能训练和体能测试等方面，而缺乏对理论知识的学习和深入的思考。
2、削弱学生主体意识：中国教育中，教师仍然是教育的主导者，而学生的主体地位并未得到充分尊重和发挥。
体育教育不应该仅仅是教师灌输技能，重点应该放在学生的体验、创造和参与上，可促进学生自主思考和行动个性的发展。
3、缺乏专业化支持：体育教育省份、城市和学校之间协调不够，教师的素质和管理方式也存在差异。
体育教育常常缺乏专业化的支持，体育器材和场地的不足也成为制约体育教育发展的一个重要问题。
二、西方体育教育观念的特点与中国的传统理念不同，西方体育教育注重科学化、专业化和个性化。
在一些发达国家中，体育教育已成为教育体系中不可分割的一部分，追求更多的开放性、多样性、有趣性和参与性。
1、注重科学化：西方体育教育注重科学的理论支撑和专业的训练方法，拓宽运动技能及知识，注重探讨体育科学的最新研究成果，以此指导学生的实际体能训练和技巧提高。
2、注重个性化：西方体育教育重覆盖面积、全面性和个性化。
在课程内容和教学方式上，学生的兴趣和特点被充分考虑，促进学生的北斗艺术特长、个性特点和创造力等方面的发展。
试论述东西方体育文化有哪些差异最佳答案我刚看了东西方体育文化的差异的一些相关书籍，在我印象中中国体育文化的特征是天人合一和集体主义；西方体育文化的特征是天人相分和个人主义。
1·中国体育讲礼重德，中国体育追求和谐。
2·西方体育重利重法，西方体育突出竞争。
中国体育运动的外在表现较为宁静、庄重，常常表现出内向、沉稳、含蓄、爱面子的特性，不走极端，追求至善至美。
扼杀了人们的个性和创造性的发挥，削弱了人们去探索自然和揭永自然科学规律的才智。
西方体育认为人要获得自由幸福，就要不断地去应对自然的挑战，努力支配和改造自然，在战胜自然的艰苦斗争中才能求得生存和发展。
因而在体育文化培养的目的上，偏重外在人格的培养。
在竞技场上，只有胜负之分，没有身份地位的差别，提倡始终超越对手。
这样的价值观，使西方人形成了惯于向外探求，表现出人与自然的对抗以及不畏天地、征服自然的信念和能力，不断达到目标而又不断的超越过去，培养了人们勇敢开拓、一种永不服输的精神。
希望对你有东方体育文化在儒家思想的熏陶下，逐渐形成了融养生健体、道德教育、娱乐竞技于一体的独特风格。
在西方奥林匹克运动的巨大影响下，东方体育文化不再是封闭环境里的自足体，而是在同西方体育文化相互融合，相互竞争的汇流中迅速发展。
西方社会的经济、文化和与之相适应的资本主义历史条件和竞争、冒险的哲学思想，使西方体育文化形成了重视练形、健美、讲究外在统一和竞争激进的风格。
西方体育文化发展的直接结果产生了奥林匹克运动。
东西方体育文化的差异我刚去参加了伦敦威斯敏斯特（Westminster）大学一次反思西方媒体对北京奥运报道的讨论会，这一活动汇集了一些学者和新闻从业人士。
会上发言的一个人是美国一所大学的人类学系主任，又是北京体育大学的客座教授。
勾起我的兴趣的一点是，她也是体育健将：在美国七项全能比赛中得过第四名，在北京大学学习时又曾参加中国的全国青年运动会，还得过金牌。
中西方休闲体育审美观与价值观的比较研究作者：张媛来源：《大观》2017年第11期摘要：与国家经济繁荣昌盛进程相对应，人民群众对生活质量的要求也处于日益提升的态势，做为社会时尚和文明生活重要标志的休闲体育正逐渐渗透入我国人民群众的日常生活中。
全球化进程要求各个国家和地区之间不断加强联系，因而了解交往双方的文化特征并加以理解，有利于良好交往关系的形成。
中西方之间因文化背景的不同，二者之间在休闲体育文化精神上也存在着一定的差异性，本文简单叙述了中西方休闲体育的概况与背景，并对二者之间在休闲体育审美观和价值观方面的差异进行了比较研究。
关键词：中西方；休闲体育；审美观；价值观；比较在国家经济繁荣昌盛的现阶段，与我国人群生活水平提高相伴生的就是人们有了越来越多的闲暇时间，在此背景下，人民群众对生活质量的要求日益提升，这使得做为社会时尚和文明生活重要标志的休闲体育悄然兴起，正逐渐渗透入我国人民群众的日常生活中。
在当前全球化进程的前进道路上，各个国家和地区之间的交往不断加强，因而了解交往双方的文化特征并加以理解，对良好交往关系的形成十分必要。
中西方因不同文化生态环境所导致的休闲体育文化精神也不尽相同，本文简单叙述了中西方休闲体育的概况与背景，并对二者之间在休闲体育审美观和价值观方面的差异进行了比较研究。
一、中西方休闲体育的基本状况和背景（一）我国休闲体育的基本状况与产生背景纵观我国传统文化的发展进程，可以发现，其中不乏对于休闲文化的精辟论述，而且我们还可以在现代生活中寻找到大量传统休闲文化的产物，传统休闲观始终关注的是以休闲物质载体进行自我反省并获得内心的平和。
但时至今日，我国尚未深入研究休闲方面的课题，休闲生活方式做为我国社会生活体系中的新生事物，虽因多种因素的限制而未获得充分发展，但也具备了一些发展的基本条件，如经济水平的增长使人民群众手中有了满足生活基本需求之外的余钱，国家法定节假日也已占全年天数的近三分之一，人群对自我发展的全面性、多元化追求日益强烈，全民健身和终身体育的观念已在我国民众中获得普遍认同等，这都是休闲体育获得良好发展的重要契机。
Contents摘要 (1)Abstract (4)1 Introduction (5)1.1 A Brief Introduction to Taiji (5)1.2 A Brief Introduction to Boxing (5)2 A Comparison Between T aiji and Boxing ·····错误！未定义书签。
2.1 Material Arts Cultures Reflected in Taiji and Boxing错误！未定义书签。
2.1.1 Thinking Skills··········································错误！未定义书签。
2.1.2 Training Methods······································错误！未定义书签。
2.2 Fitness V alue Between Taiji and Boxing (7)2.2.1 Focuses (7)2.2.2 Arbitrariness (7)3 Differences in Sports Value Between China And the West (7)3.1 Differences in Goals (7)3.2 Differences in fitness-building (9)4 The Main Causes of the Differences in Sports Value (10)4.1 Divergences in Historical Culture Background (10)4.2 Divergences in National Characters and Ways of Thinking (11)5 Conclusions and Implications (13)Bibliography (14)Acknowledgement (15)从中国太极和西方拳击的比较看中西方不同体育文化价值观摘要体育是一种以形体活动为表现形式的文化，有着丰厚的民族文化底蕴，在历史发展中逐渐成为一种民族文化象征。
笔者希望在文化渗透急剧发展的今天，以中国太极与西方拳击为依托浅析中西方不同体育价值观。
本论文主要采取对比分析及归纳总结的方法成文。
在比较了中国传统武术——太极和西方流行的拳击运动后，可知这两种运动各有优点。
首先，对太极和拳击理论原则上的研究，使得太极和拳击的差别显而易见，主要表现在武术文化和健身价值两方面；其次，通过客观地比较和分析，太极和拳击各自有利有弊；最后，通过总结，两者在对体育价值观的发展上都起着毋庸置疑的重要作用。
只有在认真收集材料、分析材料和对比总结的基础上，研究中西方体育价值观才会有新发展、新突破。
关键词：太极；拳击；体育价值观An Insight into Chinese and Western Sports Valueby Comparing T aiji and BoxingAbstractSport is a kind of physical activity as the manifestation of culture, it riches in national culture. In the long history, sport has gradually become a national cultural symbol. This paper sets out to examine the cultural infiltration of today's development of Chinese traditional Taiji and Western boxing. In view of the controversy between traditional Chinese material art ----Taiji and boxing，which is popular in western countries, individuals advance that each of them has its advantages. Firstly, utilizing the theory of the principal contradiction in them, we demonstrate that the main difference between traditional Taiji and modern boxing lies in their material art cultures and fitness values, based on which, each of them is defined. Secondly, by objectively comparing and analyzing, we point out that each of them has its advantages and defects. Thirdly, a conclusion is given that each of them should not be neglected in sports value's development. It was found that the data should be seriously collected, analyzed and examined, and sports valve development during the period studied can get qualitatively continuous with subsequent development on that basis.Key words:Taiji; Boxing; Sport valueAn Insight into Chinese and Western Sports Valueby Comparing T aiji and Boxing1IntroductionTaiji has become increasingly popular worldwide as a C hinese traditional material art which signal its emphasis on fitness-buiding and relaxation. However, boxing is the sport of fighting with fists, it originates in western countries and also gain its popularity among the individuals. This part shows the introductions of Taiji and Boxing relatively. It tells the origins and histories of the two, and many others.1.1 A Brief Introduction to T aijiTaiji (also written as T'ai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, among others) is a kind of slow movement, moving meditative exercise for relaxation, health and self-defense. Taiji is regarded as one of the internal styles of martial art in China, and it is the most widely accepted martial art world-wide today. The term refers to the ancient Chinese cosmological concept of the interplay, which is between two opposite yet complementary forces, like (Yin and Y ang) as being the foundation of creation. Taiji has its origins in Taoism and Martial Arts.Taiji Quan means “Supreme Ultimate Boxing”. Structurally speaking then, the Taiji Quan practitioners focus on neutralizing his competitors‟use of the degree of force before applyinga countering force of his own. In this give and take, the interplay of energies, Taiji finds itshighest expression. (Edson Lee, 2002, p.12) [6]1.2A Brief Introduction to BoxingBoxing is one of the oldest martial arts styles of the western countries. It is also known as fist pugilism, In other words, boxing is the sport of fighting with the fists. Basically, boxingis generally played by two players where they fight, knocks each other on proper techniques. There are various types of boxing, for example, bare-knuckles boxing. Y ou have to play the game without wearing any gloves at all. And there is also another type of boxing where you have to wear boxing gloves. (张枫. 2001. p.21)[4] However, boxer requires boxing equipments to protect him against damages and injuries from the opponent. Some of the boxing equipments include boxing gloves, headgear, punching bags, rings, and many others. However, these gears will be highly helpful to the players, because these equipments will protect them against damages when fighting against one another. The players have to fight a series of rounds (normally 12) with one-three minutes intervals. One wins if his opponent is knocked down and can‟t get up in ten counts, or in another way, if he is declared too injured to carry on.In a boxing match, there can be three judges. During the match, they maintain a score card depending on the perfection with which the boxers perform. The boxers are required to follow the instruction properly. However, a good performance is like this: one boxer has the correct punches that connect, and also knockdowns and defense. Violation of these rules is termed as "fouls". Fouls probably lead to disqualification of the offending boxer and thus lead to a default loss.2 A Comparison Between T aiji and BoxingBased on their big difference, here the article compares the two in two perceptions. one is the comparison of Material Arts Cultures Reflected in Taiji and Boxing, the other is that of Fitness V alue Between Taiji and Boxing.2.1 Material Arts Cultures Reflected in T aiji and BoxingFrom the aspects of the thinking skills and training methods of Taiji and Boxing respectively, the differences are not difficult to find.2.1.1 Thinking SkillsThis article insists that making people learn and practice the Chinese Taiji Martial Arts can not only make them actually master one or two body exercising skills which are prior to their contacting the practical job, but also have active and direct effects on the improving people‟s moral and ideological quality through accepting the idea of polish of people‟spersonality and body among the Chinese Taiji Martial Arts. The mode, in “Zhou Yi” (Book of Changes), of “like”thinking, is the original thinking skill of Chinese Taiji. It is great and profound whether it influences Chinese traditional culture in a positive or negative way. In this regard, it is the way of thinking that has determined the appearances, features and trends of Chinese Taiji, and has determined the view of sports values, the mode of behaving manner, the awareness of aesthetics, and folkways or customs that Chinese people have their own personalities. This kind of way of thinking naturally and definitely has infiltrated through the mode of human motion in China, influencing the development of Taiji. (刘淑君, 2004, p.11)[1] The power of positive thinking in boxing is unbelievable. Whether it is boxing, golf or any other sport, there are numerous numbers of techniques that help to relax the mind and muscles of every boxer. Breathing exercise by closing eyes, breathing through nose and out deeply through mouth is a good start. Boxing for success gained its status as a focusing aim in its status as a focusing aim in its thinking skill. The learning aims of boxing are: it can improve literacy, numeric and ICT skills, and improve motivation and encourage learning resilience.Boxing is a very unique sport. At its face value, the aim is to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive. Therefore, a very common perception is that boxers need to psyche themselves up into a frenzied state, fuelled by anger with the intention of causing injury. But, for those who have worked in boxing, this perception could not be further from the truth.Boxers are convinced that their sport is a type of physical chess –a battle that is as much psychological and tactical as it is physical. However, it is not getting away from the brutality of the sport; other sportsmen and women may “play”matches, however, boxers …fight‟ them. In a sport where there is only one winner, seeing an opponent strugglingphysiologically during a competition provides a large source of motivation, and boxers look to exploit every weakness or frailty in their opponents.Many people hold the view that boxers need to be mentally tough to compete. While few boxers use sport psychologists, most recognize the importance of psychology to performance. “The legendary trainer Cus D‟Amato, who steered Floyd Patterson and Mike Tyson to world heavyweight titles, o nce said that …fights are won and lost in the head‟ and this bears testament to the importance of psychological factors for performance.” (David Green, 1989, p.221)[8] 2.1.2 Training MethodsTaiji is inherited as a great sport treasure of China, because Chinese government has paid great attention to it. As a popular substance in physical education and a good means of physical training, Taiji is very famous and has been spread throughout the whole China and many other western countries. The training method of show boxing is very important. According to the present situation, different teaching methods has been compared and much attention has been paid to the steps in training Taiji, so he has found out a set of unique way of studying Taiji for the common people. Developing training principles and methods on training of “Simple Taijiquan”is conformed to the principle of consolidated teaching as well as modern auto-controlled teaching. The experimental result reflects that, it could develop students‟psychological quality and be good for the consolidation of correct exercises, and improve memorizing exercise movement as well. During the training of “Simple Taijiquan”, the effect of using emotive training teaching is more effective than traditional training method.Boxing is one of the world-famous sports in the world. It involves attack and defense with the fists. However, boxing trainer plays a very important part in becoming somebody a good boxer. One needs to be patient. The information on training method o f boxing is very important. One of the most commonly used boxing techniques is straight left jab to the head.In this method of techniques for boxing, the chin and partially the mouth has to be covered with the left fist of the boxer. According to the onward movement of the left fist, the left hand is straightened and the left elbow rises. The chin must be covered by the left fist. However, another basic boxing techniques straight jab to a stomach contains keeping the body bent in a waist and knees, take a step with the front foot when the target is contacted, and the extended arm has to be parallel to the floor as well. This jab can coerce the opponent to lower the arms and open the head for the further attack. Right uppercut is another kind of defense boxing technique. This method is done by standing in a boxing stance as well as holding the back knee bent. In this technique, you should lower your right shoulder to bight the right to make a semi-crouch point. The fist must be placed sufficiently upwards near the chin to cover the head. The hips have to be turned forward, pushing the ball of the back foot and punching the right fist up towards the target. The right arm stays very close to the boxer‟s body and it turns up in a semicircle. The game of boxing is gaining more and more popularity all over the world of sports today. Basically, this game involves two boxers where they punch each other to knock out each other. Y oung people can easily involve in this game. However, before stepping into the world of boxing, people should be properly trained. Boxers need to learn the boxing methods to play this game successfully.3 Differences in Sports Value Between China and the WestComparing the sports value in China and the west, the differences exist in their goals and the way of fitness-building. Taiji is the pearl of ancient oriental culture, and it aims at keeping fit and cultivating temper accordingly. Taiji can be regarded as one of the first choices of life-long sport term to promote and spread. While boxing is a unique sport, with its goal to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive.3.1 Differences in GoalsTaiji is a traditional system of movement in China and meanwhile also western countries, with the focus of prevention regarding heart cycle illness, joint problems and muscular diseases. Taiji was first created as martial art with its focus of self defense and health cultivation. Chinese Taiji Quan has formed and developed for nearly 3,000 years and Taiji is the pearl of ancient oriental culture for its important philosophical meaning and profound exercise effects that arouse the individuals of western countries highly attention. The article relates to modern civilization which brings serial social problems. On the basic achievements, conduct further seep to how to use Taiji Quan to exercise. Keeping fit and cultivating temper accordingly, Chinese Taiji Quan can be regarded as one of the first choices of life-long sport term to promote and spread.While in western countries, successful boxers must desensitize themselves to the effects of bearing injury and accept many risks each time when they compete. Boxing is a unique sport. The focus of boxing is to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive. Thus, a common perception is that the boxers need to psyche themselves up into a frenzied state, fuelled by anger with the purpose of causing injury. (李士英, 2001, p.225)[2]3.2 Differences in Fitness-buildingTaiji was first created as a kind of martial art which aims at health cultivation. Each time when Taiji Quan is practiced, the practitioner gains the feeling of comfort. The whole set of movements show an obvious combination of the practitioner‟s body, energy and spirit. Taiji is a harmonious presentation of Yin and Y ang, such as “lightness and heaviness”, “softness and hardness”, as well as “left and right”, “internal and external”. Above all, the m ovement of Taiji Quan is widely open and graceful, like moving clouds and flowing water; relaxed andsoft as a butterfly fluttering airily and gracefully; like a poem and it is as beautiful as a picture. It is an dynamic art with strong internal power, and apparent external softness and gracefulness as well. (Klaus Moegling, 1968, p.167) [10]While in western countries, successful boxers must desensitize themselves to the effects of bearing injury and accept many risks each time when they compete. Boxing is a unique sport. The focus of boxing is to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive. Thus, a common perception is that the boxers need to psyche themselves up into a frenzied state, fuelled by anger with the purpose of causing injury. Boxing is very suitable for the preventive movement work, but likewise for persons suffering from a damaged heart-cycle, so that boxing probably has become the subject of empirically created health studies. Certainly, empirical-analytically aligned research strategies cannot explain the health problems in connection with a movement system completely. In particular the subjectivity of the health phenomenon, the life-lay and various social influences and the associated non-standard variability make a generally accepted empirical investigation of the health effect of the boxing very difficult.4 The Main Causes of the Differences in Sports ValueTaiji is regarded as one of the popular styles of martial art in China, and it is the most widely accepted martial art throughout the world today. The comparison of the Chinese and Western sport value from the historical and cultural aspects reflected that during the different cultural processes. It is the way of thinking that has determined the differences of appearances, features and trends between Chinese Taiji and western boxing, and has determined the view of sports values, the mode of behaving manner, the awareness of aesthetics respectively.4.1 Divergences in Historical Culture BackgroundTaiji is term of Chinese traditional material art and it is a kind of slow movement, it is also a healthy exercise for relaxation and body-shape, health and self-defense. Taiji is regarded as one of the popular styles of martial art in China, and it is the most widely accepted martial art throughout the world today. Based on the historical culture value of Taiji, The comparison of the Chinese and Western sport value from the historical and cultural aspects reflected that during the different cultural processes, entertainments and sports can reflect the development of the Chinese and Western material arts, which are featured by perseverance and openness relatively. The Chinese material arts stress being healthy while the Western sports focus on success and failure. The term refers to the ancient Chinese traditional cosmological concept of the interplay, which is between two opposite yet complementary forces, like (Yin and Y ang) as being the foundation of creation. Taiji has its origins in Taoism and Martial Arts. Taiji Quan means “Supreme Ultimate Boxing”. Here refers to the Tao. Structurally speaking then, the Taiji Quan practitioners focus on neutralizing his competitors‟use of the degree of force before applying a countering force of his own. In this give and take, the interplay of energies, Taiji finds its highest expression. In this paper, how the Chinese traditional material art can meet the challenges brought by the outside world and how the world sports value will develop are expounded.At the end of 20th century, women‟s boxing was organized. However, during the 18th and early 19th centuries, fighting was an essential forerunner of boxing in Britain. For a generation following the Queensberry rules, bare-knuckle and glove-fights were both promoted and popular. The bare-knuckle fights were usually held under the “New Rules”produced by the Pugilistic Benevolent Society in 1866, which had superseded “the Pugilistic Association‟s Revised Rules”of 1853. Get more information on modern boxing so as tounderstand the activity of boxing. Boxing is one of the oldest martial arts styles of the western countries. It is also known as fist pugilism, In other words, boxing is the sport of fighting with the fists. Boxing is one of the oldest martial arts styles of the western hemisphere of this world. It is also known as fist pugilism or pugilism of the fist. In other words, boxing is the act or sport of fighting with the fists. Basically, the game of boxing is generally played by two players where they fight, knocks each other on proper techniques. The following article sharesa brief introduction to boxing.4.2 Divergences in National Characters and Ways of ThinkingThe Chinese Taiji martial arts can not only make them actually master one or two body exercising skills which are prior to their contacting the practical job, but also have active and direct effects on the improving people‟s moral and ideological quality through accepting the idea of polish of people‟s personality and body among the Chinese Taiji martial arts. It is great and profound whether it influences Chinese traditional culture in a positive or negative way. In this regard, it is the way of thinking that has determined the appearances, features and trends of Chinese Taiji, and has determined the view of sports values, the mode of behaving manner, the awareness of aesthetics, and folkways or customs that Chinese people have their own personalities. (Brown Lee, 1985, p.154)[9]This kind of way of thinking naturally and definitely has infiltrated through the mode of human motion in China, influencing the development of Taiji.The power of positive thinking in boxing is unbelievable. Whether it is boxing, golf or any other sport, there are numerous numbers of techniques that help to relax the mind and muscles of every boxer. Breathing exercise by closing eyes, breathing through nose and out deeply through mouth is a good start. Boxing for success gained its status as a focusing aim in its status as a focusing aim in its thinking skill. The learning aims of boxing are: It canimprove literacy, numeracy and ICT skills, and improve motivation and encourage learning resilience. (唐波, 2004, p.227)[3] Boxing is a very unique sport. At its face value, the aim is to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive. Therefore, a very common perception is that boxers need to psyche themselves up into a frenzied state, fuelled by anger with the intention of causing injury. But, for those who have worked in boxing, this perception could not be further from the truth. The Chinese Taiji Martial Arts can not only make them actually master one or two body exercising skills which are prior to their contacting the practical job, but also have active and direct effects on the improving people‟s moral and ideological quality through accepting the idea of polish of people‟s personality and body among the Chinese Taiji Martial Arts. It is great and profound whether it influences Chinese traditional culture in a positive or negative way. In this regard, it is the way of thinking that has determined the appearances, features and trends of Chinese Taiji, and has determined the view of sports values, the mode of behaving manner, the awareness of aesthetics, and folkways or customs that Chinese people have their own personalities. This kind of way of thinking naturally and definitely has infiltrated through the mode of human motion in China, influencing the development of Taiji. The power of positive thinking in boxing is unbelievable. (Y Jianying, 2004, p.36) [11]5 Conclusions and ImplicationsTaiji Quan means “Supreme Ultimate Boxing”.Taiji is a kind of slow movement, moving meditative exercise for relaxation, health and self-defense. The Taiji Quan practitioners focus on neutralizing his competitors' use of the degree of force before applying a countering force of his own. Taiji determined the view of sports values, the mode of behaving manner, the awareness of aesthetics, and folkways or customs that Chinese people have their own personalities. (Allan Poe, 1995, p.163)[7] Developing training principles andmethods on training of “Simple Taiji Quan”is conformed to the principle of consolidated teaching as well as modern auto-controlled teaching.The power of positive thinking in boxing is unbelievable. Boxers are convinced that their sport is a type of physical chess. Boxing is a very unique sport. At its face value, the aim is to inflict blows on your competitors and avoid injury yourself by landing more punches than you receive.(赵刚, 2001, p.20)[5] Therefore, a very common perception is that boxers need to psyche themselves up into a frenzied state, fuelled by anger with the intention of causing injury. The power of positive thinking in boxing is unbelievable.Bibliography[1] 刘淑君.民族文化差异与武术国际化发展的哲学思考[J]. 上海：上海体育学院学报，2004，（2）.[2] 李士英.武术散打[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,2001.[3] 唐波.竞技武术与奥林匹克运动文化背景比较研究[J]. 北京：体育文化导刊，2004[4] 张枫.武术散打国际化现状及其对策研究[J]. 上海：武术科学出版社，2001，（3）.[5] 赵刚.中国散打与美国综合格斗体育文化比较[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社,2001.[6] Brief Introduction Of Tai Chi. Edson Lee. June 2002. Y ork U. 16 Mar.2012</Chinese-martial-arts/Brief-Introduction-of-Tai-Chi.html>[7]Allan Poe, J. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. New Y ork Press, 1995[8] Boxing Techniques. David Green. March 1989. American Boxing Association. 22.Mar.2012 </western-martial-arts/Boxin-Techniques-Chi.html>[9] Brown Lee, J. Chinese Material Arts. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985[10] Klaus Moegling, ed. Scientific test results of the health effects of Taijiquan. Institute forKinematics and Movement Research Press, 1968[11] Y Jianying, J. Research on the Comparison Between Traditional Wushu and ModernCompetition Wushu. Journal of Tianjin Institute of Physical Education Press, 2004AcknowledgementI have gained lots of benefits from the enlightenment of my supervisor ----Bao Chunyan, whose inspiring insights, generous encouragements, and enthusiastic instructions have facilitated me much throughout my paper writing. Her penetrating and insightful comments provide me with inspiring source. She has been in constant concern about my paper, spared no pains to help me complete my paper draft. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to the English Department of City College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology as well as all my teachers. Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensive education during the four yea rs‟ schooling, I can acquire the opportunity to study English. Finally, my great gratitude also goes to those writers and editors whose works I have perused and benefited greatly from, and without their work, the completion of the paper would not have been possible.。
