高中语法：主谓一致
Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则
含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。
Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
What he said is true.
【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I bought were three English books.
What I say and do has nothing to do with you.
a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：
This pair of shoes is not mine.
The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.
“单数名词+ and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：
You and I are good friends.
The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.
【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语
a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语
The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.
The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Every man, woman, and child needs love.
Each boy and girl was given a book.
Every minute and every second is precious.
有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：
knife and fork 刀叉needle and thread 针线
bread and butter 面包和黄油fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条
the stars and stripes 星条旗
Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England.
The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A.
主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:
The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.
The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight.
The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident.
each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：
Each arrives on time.
Each of the building is painted a different color.
由any, some, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：
Everybody is doing his best.
There is nothing you can do to help.
在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：He who laughs last laughs best.
试比较：He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式, 这些词有army, family, audience, club, class, group, organization, troop等：
The graduating class is in the laboratory.
The class were all cheerful.
A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
The team were talking over some new plans.
【注意】people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
The police are looking for the lost child.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
【练一练】
Between the two roads _______ a TV tower called “Skyscraper Tower”.
A. stands
B. standing
C. which stands
D. stand
–Have you heard that Tom, along with his parents, _______ to France?
--Really? No wonder I haven’t seen him these days.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. have been
D. have gone There _______ a pair of trousers on the bed.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
_______ and _______ are going abroad next Thursday? Which of the following is wrong?
A. The father; son
B. The singer; dancer
C.A singer; a dancer
D. He; I
A _______ and _______ has been bought for you. Which of the following is wrong?
A. gold watch; chain
B. knife; fork
C. desk; but
D. pen; pencil Nothing but one desk and six chairs _______ in the room.
A. are
B. is stayed
C. is
D. has
Every student and every teacher _______.
A. are going to attend the meeting
B. have attended the meeting
C. has attended the meeting
D. is attended the meeting
The New York Times _______ all over the United States.
A. is read
B. is reading
C. are read
D. are reading There _______ to be something wrong with his sister, _______?
A. seem; isn’t it
B. seems; doesn’t there
C. seem; isn’t there
D. seems; doesn’t it
I think Tom, _______ you, _______ to blame.
A. rather than; is
B. rather than; are
C. more than; are
D. less than; is The speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person_______ almost infinite.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. are
“If anybody _______, please put down _______ name,” said the teacher to the monitor.
A. wants to buy the book; his
B. want to buy the book; their
C. will buy the book; one’s
D. wants to have the book bought; her
My family _______ large and my family _______ reading.
A. is; enjoy
B. is; enjoys
C. are; enjoy
D. are; enjoys The customs and culture of America _______ very much like _______ of England.
A. is; that
B. are; those
C. have been; the ones
D. has been; the one
Only one of the students who _______ present _______ to speak at the meeting.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. are; is
D. is; are
Ⅲ. 逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）
what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Which is you favorite subject?
Which are your favorite subjects?
All is going well.
All have gone to Beijing.
表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：
Eight hours of sleep is enough.
Ten dollars is too much to pay for the shirt.
复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：
The United Nations has its headquarters in New York City.
The Thames has a large population.
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：World economics has a direct effect on world peace.
Physics was her major.
“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.
The good are well rewarded, and the bad punished.
【练一练】
_______ is _______. Which is wrong?
A. Two days; a long vacation for the students
B. One and a half dollars; not enough.
C. The New York Times; published daily C. 800 miles; long distance
The rich _______ not always happy.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
What she left me _______ a few old books.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
Ten minutes _______ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A. is
B. are
C. seems
D. seem
The Philippines _______ of more than 7,000 islands.
A. consists
B. consist
C. make up
D. makes up
Ⅳ. 就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。
当两个主语由or; either…or; neither…nor; whether…or…; not only…but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：
George or I am wrong.
Either John or his friends are to blame for the bad results.
Neither my brother nor I am going to the summer camp.
Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to the party.
there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty girls and only one boy in our class.
【练一练】
Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
Either the teachers or the president _______ the meeting.
A. attends
B. attend
C. are attending
D. have attended
The manager or his secretary _______ to give you an interview.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. have
Neither of your suggestions _______ sense.
A. makes
B. make
C. is made
D. are made
There _______ 20 dollars and two cards in my purse.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. has
Ⅴ. 表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式
“many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.
More than one grammatical mistake was found in his composition.
表示鸟兽鱼群的词, 如 a flock of birds, a pack of dogs, a pride of lions, a herd of cattle, a school of fish等作主语，谓语用单数：
A flock of birds is circling overhead.
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the percentage of, 分数词+ of, a quantity of, quantities of 作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifths of the money is mine.
Two-fifths of the students in the class are from English-speaking countries.
There was quantities of rain this fall.
a great deal of, an amount of, a little of, much of等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：Much of the furniture is uncomfortable.
There is a limited amount of oil in the world.
a good many, a great many, a number of 与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：
There were a great many people in the park.
A number of students were absent.
【注意】“the number of + 复数名词+ 单数谓语”，表示“…的数目”：
The number of days in a week is seven.
【练一练】
About 60 percent of the students _______ from the south, the rest of them _______ from the north and foreign countries.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
The number of people invited _______ fifty; but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was,
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; were
Many a child _______ to walk before he can speak.
A. learn
B. learns
C. learned
D. have learned
More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
The population of China _______ over 1,200 million and eighty percent of the population _______ peasants.
A. is; are
B. are; is
C. is; is
D. are; are Homework:
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
2. The rich_____ not always happy. .
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
3. This special strain of rice ___________ one-third more of the crop in the same field.
A. makes possible to produce
B. makes it possible to produce
C. make possible producing
D. make it possible producing
4. A variety of books _____________ the children of different ages.
A. are interested in
B. is interested in
C. are intending for
D. is intending for
5. Tom as well as two of his friends ________ to the concert last night
A. has been invited
B. had been invited
C. were invited
D. was invited
6.—Mike, what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who to visit the museum asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.
A. is; is
B. are; is
C. is; are
D. are; are
7. A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and paintings tomorrow afternoon.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
8. It is I _________ my parents who__________ to blame for the accident.
A. other than; are
B. rather than; am
C. more than; are
D. than; is
9. In our school, many a boy ____ playing football and more girls than one ____ playing it.
A. likes; likes
B. like; like
C. like; likes
D. likes; like
10. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. be
11. What we used to think ______ impossible now does seem possible.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. will be
12.As you can see，the price of pork，eggs and grain rising _____ these days.
A. are keeping
B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping
13. Three students in ten will go and _____ to stay in the classroom.
A. the rest are
B. the rest is
C. the other are
D. the other is
14. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third ___________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
15. E-mail, as well as telephones, ____an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing D play
16. No freshman and no graduate _______ to sit in on the forum.
A. are allowed
B. is allowed
C. are agreed
D. is agreed
17. On each side of the street _______a lot of trees.
A. stands
B. stand
C. is standing
D. are grown
18. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work
B. working
C. is working
D. are working
19. About one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai_________ netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent _________online.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. are; is
D. is; are
20. The theory he's stuck _____________ us that earthquake can be forecast.
A. to proves
B. to prove
C. to proving
D. to proved
Keys:
【练一练】
1-5. ABBBD 6-10. CCABA 11-15. BAABC
16-20. DBBCA 21-25. BAAAB 26-30. BCBCC
Homework:
1-5. ABBBD 6-10. BABDB
11-15. BCADA 16-20. BBCBA
英语语法讲解——主谓一致 英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式. 主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则.根据这三条原则,现从以下几个方面进行总结: 一, 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数. 如: A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里. 但如果在意义上指同一个人,同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.如: A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针). 2. 当each ...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no..., many a...and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如: ①No man and no animal is to be found on the moo n. 在月球上没发现人和动物. ②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.
许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作. 3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词一般用复数.如: Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are s tudying. 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程. 但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数.如: The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课. 4. 由not only... but also ... , either...or ... , neither... nor... , ... or...连接的并列主语,谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定.如: Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责. 5. 当主语由as well as, along with, together with, rathe r than, no less than（不少于，多达）, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连接时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定. 如: ①An iron and steal works, with some satellite factorie s is to be built here.
1、形式一致 主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致 谓语动词用单数的清况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt． Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test． Ten miles seems like a long walk to me． 2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数 以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。 这类单词有：economics经济学electronics电子学 physics物理学politics政治学 mathematics数学statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family． His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend． Politics is his favorite subject． Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce． Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn． 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air． The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain． 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数： Playing with fire is dangerous． 注意：若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided． 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定 What she said is correct．What he gave me are five English books． 谓语动词用复数的情况 1）由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如： Fire and water do not agree． 注意如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。
1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
主谓一致 一、以并列结构作主语的主谓一致 1．由and/ both… and连接的并列主语 1）Both Mr. Smith and his son (has, have) gone fishing. 2）Bread and eggs (is, are ) a good breakfast. The manager and secretary (is , are ) not here. 3) 当and 连接的名词词组有each, every 或many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 e.g. Every girl and every boy in this room (is, are) studying hard. Many a boy (was, were) sad after seeing the film. 2.由or/ nor/ either… or/ neither…nor/ not only…but also连接的并列结构作主语，依据“就近原则” e.g. My sisters or my brother (is, are) likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers (is, are ) coming. Not only he switches but also the old wire (has, have) been chagend. 3. 主语+ as much as/ rather than/ more than/ no less than/ as well as/ in addition to/ with/ along with/ together with/ except/ but 等引导的从属结构时，其后的动词取决于主语本身的形式e.g. Some of the workers as much as the manager (was, were) responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents (is, are) to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family (is, are ) eager to go there again. The father as well as his sons (is, are) going to the park tomorrow. No one except two girls(was, were) late for dinner. 二、数量概念名词作主语的主谓一致 1.表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）如被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数 如被看做是组成该数量的个体，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Six months (is, a re) too short a time. There (is ,are ) six coins in my pocket. 2) “分数/ 百分数+ of”的结构，谓语动词依of 后面的名词而定 e.g. Over sixty percent of the city (was, were) destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors (was, were ) women. 3)one in/ one out of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One in ten students (has, have) failed the exam. 4) 两数想减或相除，谓语动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词单复数均可 e.g. Forty minus fifteen (leaves, leave) twenty-five.
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。 15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如： Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed
主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉 A law and rule 法规 A needle and thread 一套针线 Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条 The stars and stripes 星条旗