考研英语作文冲刺：九大主题词汇
一计算机、通讯类
1 计算机
commit computer crimes 进行电脑犯罪活动
Most computer crimes can be traced back to hackers. 大多数计算机犯罪都是电脑黑客干的。
access the Internet 进入互联网
accomplish the operation simply with a click of the keys 敲击键盘即可完成操作
administrator 管理员
auto search 自动搜索
bandwidth 宽带
be multilingual 可以使用多种语言
be networked with … 与…联网
be no longer imaginary 不再是幻想
blogger 写博客的人
chat on-line in Internet 网上聊天
distance learning 远程教育
on shopping on-line 进行网上购物
facilitate the growth of the cyber-economy 推动网络经济的发展
Internet café 网吧
Internet fans 网迷
Internet geek/netter 网虫
Internet video chat 网上视频聊天
It is difficult to know whether the information on the Internet is reliable or not. 很难确定互联网上的信息是否可靠。
Millions of computers are connected to one another in a worldwide network called Internet. 不计其数台电脑在世界范围内互相联系在一起称作互联网
Printed sources continue to remain an important method for researching materials. 使用印制资料仍然是获得研究资源的重要方法。
provide on-line employment services to job seekers 为求职者提供网上择业服务
There is an advantage to being multilingual. 懂得多种语言很有益处。
with the gradual popularization of the Internet 随着互联网的不断普及
put out your message through E-mail 使用电子邮件发出讯息
net-addiction 网瘾
provide entertainment in the form of computerized games 提供电子游戏形式的娱乐
2 其他通讯手段
allow people to carry telephone with them all the time 使人们能够随时随身携带电话
Calls were connected manually by switchboard operators. 过去电话由接员人工接通。
Cellular telephones are portable units that can be used away from home. 手机是出门在外也可以使用的便携装置。
Cellular telephones can be used to access information virtually anywhere and anytime. 手机实际上可以用于随时随地接收信息。
make wireless communication possible 使无线通讯成为可能
phone can connect to the Internet 手机可以连接到互联网
send a short text message to sb.’s cell phone 给某人的手机发短信
cable television systems 有线电视系统
digital television 数字电视
pick up the signals from satellites 通过卫星接收信号
provide a large number of (many more) channels 提供很多(更多)频道
satellite television service 卫星电视业务
advances in digital communications 数字通讯的发展
improve the quality and efficiency of telecommunication 提高远程通讯的质量和效率
modern digital telecommunication 现代数字远程通讯
send messages faster and more accurately 更快、更准确地传送信息
二经济、改革类
1 旅游业
About six or seven percent of the Gross National Product comes from tourism. 国民生产总值的
6%-7%来自旅游业。
be one of the major industries of this country 是该国主要产业之一
belong to the service industry 属于服务性行业
benefit through peaceful development and cultural understanding 从和平发展和文化认同中获益carry exchange and investment to … 吸引交流和投资到…
focus attention on the role tourism can play in elimination of poverty 重视旅游业对消除贫困的作用serve as a dynamic catalyst of emploment, wealth, investment and poverty elimination 对就业、财富、投资和摆脱贫困起到有力的催化作用
Tourism business preserves cultural and heritage traditions. 旅游业保护传统和文化遗产。
do-it-yourself/independent travel 自助游
during the height of travel 在旅游的高峰季节
golden week for tourism 旅游黄金周
visit historic sites/spots 参观历史名胜
2 农业
be not fertile enough to justify cropping 不够肥沃，所以不值得耕种
cultivate inferior 开垦贫瘠土地
The supply of good land is limited. 良田资源是有限的。
to feed a large population 养活众多的人口
cause pollution and health problems 引起污染和健康问题
chemical fertilizer 化肥
destroy harmful insects 消灭害虫
Insecticides also kill helpful insects. 杀虫剂也会杀死益虫。
save water during irrigation 节水灌溉
use up ground water 用尽地面水
increase food production to help feed the growing world population 提供粮食产量为不断增加的世界人口提供食物
keep soil from drying out and prevents the loss of soil 避免土壤干化和流失
One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. 土壤保持的一个重要方法是利用防风林。
be carried out in a way that does not damage the environment 以一种不破环环境的方式被执行avoid a possible grain shortage 避免可能出现的粮食短缺
deserve to be called a broad-minded policy 应被视为有长远眼光的策略
invest more in agricultural technology 加大对于农业科技的投资
Sustainable development methodes are designed to save resources. 开展可持续发展的目的在于节约资源。
3 政治
Political systems have evolves over several centuries. 政治制度是经历了好几个世纪的发展演变而来的。
undergo an economic and political transformation 经历经济和政治变革
well handle the relations among reform, development and stability 妥善处理改革、发展和稳定之间的关系
accoplish the great cause of national reunification 完成祖国统一大业
contribute to international peace and prosperity 为国际和平和繁荣作贡献
4 经济
attract more foreign investment 吸引更多外国投资
resources-efficient development mode 有效利用资源型发展模式
sharpen the international competitiveness 加强国际竞争力
secure the fair competition on the marker 保障市场上公平竞争
place emphasis on the future development 强调未来发展
try to gain a large market share 谋求更大的市场份额
maintain the competitiveness in market contests 保持在市场竞争中的竞争力
reserve and promote the sound and cooperative economic and trade tries between the two countries 保持和促进两国之间稳健合作的经济和贸易联系
三教育、就业类
1 教育
achieve universal comsulsory education 普及全民义务教育
adult education 成人教育
conduct the education of the younger generation 对年轻一代进行教育
special education for the disabled children 为残疾儿童开设特殊教育
spread education 推广教育
take education seriously 重视教育
be firmly convinced that education pays 坚信受教育是有益的
borrow heavily from the western traditions in education 在教育上大量借鉴西方惯例
develop a well-informed, critically thinking, and civically engaged citizenry 培养知识丰富、善于独立思考、能很好履行义务的公民
Family education is as important as public education. 家庭教育和学校教育一样重要。
Knowledge is priceless treasure. 知识是无价之宝。
talent training and quality education 人才培养和素质教育
transmit to youth the best of our culture 将我们最优秀的文化传给青年一代
understand the necessity of education 懂得教育的必要性
alleviate/reduce/lighten burdens on the students of elementary and secondary schools 减轻中小学生负担
arouse attention from all sectors of society 引起全社会的注意
call for alleviating burdens on students 呼吁减轻学生负担
Children get a better education today than at any time in the past. 今天的孩子受的教育比以往任何时候都要好。
Edution must be conbined with practice. 教育必须与实践相结合。
A college education in the United States in expensive. 美国大学教育的费用昂贵。
Increasing enrollment causes a sharp rise in educational costs. 扩大招生导致教育费用急剧上升。
Students pay their tuition fees and living costs from income earned through the work-study program. 学生用勤工俭学的收入缴纳学习费用和生活费用。
2 教学及教学方法
adopt a new approach in teaching 在教学中采用一套新做法
allow more time for individual instrucion and group discussion 给予更多时间做个人指导和小组讨论impart knowledge to one’s students 把知识传授给学生
involve both bearning and teaching 涉及教与学两方面
make radical improvements in teaching 从根本上改进教学
stick to the traditional teaching methods 固守传统教学法
teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教
3 教学管理
(1)学校
abide by the school rules 遵守学校的规章
collect subscription for the putting up of a charity school 募捐筹建慈善学校
found an establishment of a private school 建立私利学校
make the most economical of school facilities 充分利用学校资源
part-work and part-study school 半工半读学校
(2)学生
be a good student in comparison with sb. 与某人相比，算是好学生
be concerned about the students ideology 从思想上关心学生
be heavily burdened with schoolwork 学校功课负担太重
dropouts 辍学者
encourage the students to think their own thoughts 鼓励学生独立思考
errors common among students 学生常犯的错误
give heart to students 鼓励学生
give individual attention to each student 给每个学生以个别关注
Good teachers impart wisdom to his students. 好老师赋予学生智慧。
It is the duty of a student to study hard. 努力学习是学生的本分。
self-supporting graduate student 自费研究生
try one’s best to have the students take the initiative in learning 尽力调动学生的学习积极性
(3)学科
a developing borderline science 一门正在发展的边缘科学
an extensive subject 一门内容广博的学科
complete undergraduate study 完成本科学业
inspire self-conscious debates over the worth of a business degree 引发有关工商学位价值的讨论Science and technology are productive forces. 科学技术是生产力。
this subject and its numerous ramifications 这门学科以及它的许多分支
(4)课程
a great number of students are enrolled in … 大量学生报名…
approaches to teaching science and math vary 科学课和数学课的教学方法有所不同
arrange the curriculum 安排课程
at the end of the course 结业时
Graduate study is more intensive and specialized. 研究生学习更精深、更专业。
have less courses, but in greater depth 课程少一些，但更深入
non-required subjects 选修课
(5)招生
a form of application for enrollment 大学申请表
enroll in a college without being strongly motivated 不迫切希望报名就读某大学
enter for an examination 报名参加考试
Entrance requirements differ greatly. 入学条件很不一样。
increase enrollment 扩招
(6)学历及文凭
acknowledge a diploma of graduation 公证一份学位证书
be granted an official certificate from … 被授予由…颁发的正式证书
confer diplomas on members of the graduating class 向毕业生颁发学位证
education with record of formal schooling 学历教育
obtain a license or a certificate for one’s job or career 获得从事自己工作或职业的执照或证书
pursue graduate study 读研究生
try to obtain the undergraduate diploma through self-taught study 试图通过自学获得本科文凭
(7)体制和管理
adopt an academic credit system 采取学分制
be a student of fine qualities and fine scholar 品学兼优
broad mental development 全面的智能发展
develop an interest in learning 培养学习兴趣
drop out of school 退学
further education 深造
implementing the new standards 实施新的标准
investigate all sides of a question and all possible solutions to a problem 调查研究问题的各个方面及各种可能的解决方法
learn admission status 了解录取情况
letter of recommendation 推荐信
meet the standards 符合标准
possess both political integrity and professional ability 德才兼备
shake their confidence 动摇他们的信心
4 学习
(1)目标与动机
achieve the goal one has set for oneself 达到为自己确立的目标
be completely absorbed in study 把精力完全贯注在学习上
derive pleasure from one’s studies 从学习中获得乐趣
distract one’s mind from one’s study 分散某人学习的注意力
learn through one’s valuable experience 从自己宝贵的经验中学习
neglect one’s studies 忽视自己的学习
place the study ahead of anything else 把学习放在第一位
stimulate oneself to study 发奋学习
study harder under the stimulus of praise 在表扬的激励下更加努力学习
study assiduously and perseveringly 持之以恒地刻苦学习
(2)方法和习惯
gain new insights through restudying old material 温故而知新
lay the basis for further study 为进一步深造奠定基础
store/stock one’s mind with knowledge 用知识充实头脑
Unless you study hard you will not pass the exam. 除非你用功，否则不会及格
(3)考试
a certificate examination 证书考试
be quite confident of passing the examination 坚信自己能通过考试
conduct an examination 举行考试
gain distinction in the examination 考试成绩优秀
take part in the entrance exams for graduate school 考研
We should study hard at ordinary times to avoid making a frantic last-minute effort. 我们应该平时多烧香，免得考试时临时抱佛脚。
(4)考试，试卷
hand in an examination 交卷
machine scoring 机器阅卷
take a written examination 参加笔试
(5)成绩
become complacent over any success 一有成绩就自满起来
carry forward one’s achievements 发扬成绩
come off with honors 以优异成绩通过
measure sb.’s success 衡量某人的成绩
(6)毕业
attent the graduation ceremony 参加毕业典礼
be assigned to work in the remote region after graduation 毕业后分配到边远地区
be recommended to the postgraduate school after completing one’s regular college course 本科毕业后直升研究生
begin to work soon after graduating 毕业后不久开始工作
Entrance into college means employment security. 进入大学意味着工作有了保障。
fill all requirements for graduation 具备毕业的一切条件
gain graduate certificate/receive a diploma 获得学位证书
have independent mind 会独立思考
make full use of talents 使人尽其才
The job hunt faces this year’s graduates. 本届毕业生面临就业问题。
university student’s innovative undertaking 大学生创业
young people on the threshold of life 刚刚进入社会的年轻人
5 就业
accept the editorship of a magazine 接受一家杂志的编辑工作
acquire a key position in an eminent company 在一著名公司身居要职
be assigned to the position of … 被分配…的工作
be rapt in one’s new job 把精力贯注在新工作上
engage upon a new position 从事新职业
permanent occupation 固定职业
secure a more lucrative employment 获得一份赚钱更多的职业
seek a steady and well-paid job 找到既稳定有待遇优厚的工作
allow employees to contribute and to feel powerful and important 让员工尽责尽力并意识到自己的作用和重要性
workaholic 工作狂
be adequate for the job 能够胜任工作
be devoid of professional sense 缺乏职业观念
be very conscientious in one’s work 对工作负责
Hard and honest work is the surest way to establishment. 努力而诚实的工作是最可靠的成功之道。
keep pounding away at one’s work 持续努力工作
measure up to one’s job in every way 各方面都能胜任工作
put one’s whole soul into one’s work 全神贯注工作
dedicate the great portion of one’s life to … 把一生的大部分时间致力于…
take pay cuts 接受降薪
an army of the unemployed 失业大军
since depression began 自从经济萧条开始以来
unemployment insurance/payments 失业保险/救助金
be fired 被解雇
be the right person 是合适的人选
go for the job interview 参加求职面试
go job hunting in the web 上网求职
rely on one’s own skills and capabilities for one’s success 依赖自己的技能和能力获得成功
think sb.’s is qualified for the job 认为某人有资格胜任这份工作
be optimistic and cooperative 乐观向上，善于与人协作
get second starts in c areers that have greater appeal to … 重新开始一份对…有更大吸引力的工作四家庭类
1 老年人
guarantee for old age security 给老年人提供保障
live on pension 靠养老金生活
build up homes for the aged 建造老人院
As one gets older, he is more liable to have health problems. 年纪大了容易添病。
Movement becomes difficult with age. 随着年事的增高行动变得困难。
The vigor of a person’s body lessens as he grows old. 人到老年体力就变弱了。
be calculated to prolong one’s life 延年益寿
think young and stay young 精神年轻就能保持年轻
three important things for a long old life: fresh air, fresh food, simple life 长寿的三要素：新鲜空气、新鲜食物、简单生活
Medical expenses remain a serious problem for the aged. 医疗开支对于老年人是很大的困难。
be lonely and starving for companionship 因孤独而渴望有人作伴
keep active, alert and open-minded 保持积极向上、机敏和开朗
The worst problems of the old age are health, loneliness and personal sagety. 老年人最可怕的问题是健康、孤独和个人安全。
have a close relationship with their children 与子女保持密切关系
The old and the young do not always understand each other. 老年人与年轻人往往不能互相理解。
China is a nation that is proud of the virtue of filial piety. 中国是一个以孝道为自豪的民族。
Filial piety is defined as “a son’s or daughter’s obedience to and respect for parents”. 孝顺指的是儿女对父母的顺从和尊敬。
have the duty to support and assist one’s parents 有赡养扶助父母的义务
We should be considerate of the comfort of old people. 我们应该为老年人的舒适着想。
(2)妇女
Changes have taken place in the roles of women in society. 妇女在社会中的作用发生了变化。
abolish all inequalities 消除各个方面的不平等
adhere to the principle of equality 坚持平等的原则
compete with men in the professions on equal terms 在职业生涯上在同等条件下与男人竞争
eliminate sexual discrimination 消除性别歧视
enter the labor force 参加到劳动力大军中来
liberate women from the kitchen 把妇女从厨房中解放出来
(3)养育子女
arrange for one’s children’s education 安排子女的教育事宜
give their children a first-rate education 使得孩子受到第一流的教育
have no control over the children at all 一点也管不住自己的孩子
make children fit to live in a society 使孩子们适合在社会中生存
Parents should be responsible for their child’s behavior. 父母应对子女的行为负责。
A judicious parent encourages his children to decide many things for themselves. 明智的父母会让孩子在许多事情上自己做决定。
All their affection is centered on their children. 他们的全部爱都集中在孩子身上。
be too permissive with their children 对孩子有求必应
be addicted to net games 迷恋网络游戏
be easily affected 易受影响
be self-centered 以自我为中心
develop strong dislike for studying 对读书产生强烈的反感情绪
have premature love affairs 早恋
never attain any independence and initiative 没有养成独立性和自觉性
play truant 逃学
suffer from nervousness, anxiety, depression and so on 感到紧张、不安、压抑等
have heart-to-heart chats with them 与他们倾心交谈
help sb. out of his honeliness 帮助某人摆脱孤独
open the hot line 开通热线
set a good example to his children 为孩子树立好榜样
五文化类
bring culture to people 向人们传播文化
culture industry 产业文化
screen cultrue 影视文化
classical art 古典艺术
costume art 服装艺术
programs for prime time 黄金时段节目
chrity performance 义演
appear in public 出现在公众面前
be well received/receive a warm welcome/be most welcome 受欢迎
big shot/top notch 大腕
enjoy privileges 享受特权
invite movie stars, sports stars or celebrities in entertainment or literature circles to shoot TV advertisements 请电影明星、体育明星、文艺界名人拍电视广告
seek celebrity charm 追求明星效应
successfully play to the gallery 成功地迎合低级趣味，讨好观众
be ca reful about which program one wants to watch and which program one doesn’t 谨慎决定自己要看什么节目，不看什么节目
be both instructive and entertaining 既有教益又有娱乐性
play a posive/negative role in the life 在生活中起积极/消极作用
depend on what a person’s life-style is 取决于个人生活方式
occupy one’s spare time 占据业余时间
seldom think of the effect the program/show will have on sb. 很少考虑节目对某人的影响
Television itself is neither good nor bad. 电视本身无所谓好或坏。
watch rubbishy commercials 看低劣的电视广告
escape from the boredom of daily life 逃离乏味的日常生活
culture shock 文化冲击
experience a different culture 体验不同的文化
get into touch with other cultures 接触其他文化
immerse oneself in different cultures 深入了解不同的文化
know how people live in defferent parts of the world 了解世界其他地方人们如何生活
truly expand one’s mind 真正开阔眼界
widen/broaden/expand one’s mind 使心胸开阔
cultivate one’s tastes and relax 陶冶情操并休闲放松
far away from modern civilization 远离现代文明
It is not the fashion to do … 现在不时兴…
be too busy to find time to pursue a hobby 忙得无暇从事业余爱好活动
take hobbies to develop new interests 从事业余爱好活动以发展新的兴趣
六医药、健康类
cultivate/develop healthy habits in daily life 在日常生活中培养健康的习惯
form good living habits and reform the bad ones 养成良好的生活习惯并摒弃坏的习惯
live a healthy and productive life 生活健康向上
Ads are not a good source of health care advice. 对广告做得保健宣传不能太相信。
have to adapt to environment declines 不得不适应恶化的环境
improve the health of the people 提高人民健康水平
七自然与环境
accept the need for conservation of natural resources 认识到保护自然资源的必要
accept the need for conservation of wildlife resources 认识到保护野生动物的必要
be graceful for the benefits which nature has so 感谢大自然对我们的慷慨恩赐
follow the inexorable law of nature 遵循大自然的必然规律
the problems of the world water resources 世界水资源问题
limitable/limited resources 有限的资源
make full use of our nature conditions 最大限度地利用我们的自然条件
put particular emphasis on the preservation of natural resources 重视保护自然资源
the effect of physical environment upon man’s life 自然环境对人类生活的影响
utilize all available resources/put all available resources to use 利用一切可能的资源
bring unnecessary destruction to natural resources 对自然资源造成不必要的破坏
violate the rules of nature 违反自然规律
A great tidal wave swept the coast. 强大的海啸席卷沿海地区。
be plagued with soil erosion 遭受水土流失的困扰
global warming 全球变暖
have a severe shock of earthquake 经受一次大地震
suffer a calamity 遭受灾害
make preparations against natural disaster 为预防自然灾害做准备
establish a stable balance of nature 建立自然的稳定平衡
recover from the effects of natural disasters 从自然灾害的影响中恢复过来
Any change will affect our life and our environment. 任何变化都会影响我们的生活和环境。
Means of modern transportation consume too much energy. 现代交通工具消耗过多能源。
An ecosystem must remain stable. 生态系统必须保持稳定。
ecological construction 生态建设
environmental greening 环境绿化
八社会问题类
A major purpose of advertising is to construct a positive image about a company’s name and products. 广告宣传的一个主要目的之一是公司的声明和产品打造良好形象。
Advertising has become an indispensable means of selling goods. 广告宣传已成为产品销售的一个不可或缺的手段。
cheeky television ads 厚颜无耻的电视广告
exaggerated ads 夸大其词的广告
False ads jeopardize consumer rights. 虚假广告侵犯消费者的权利。
comply with the consumer protection law 遵守消费者保护法
violate the consumer rights 侵犯消费者的权利
avoid being a victim of fraud 避免成为欺诈受害者
be held accountable for the violation of law 被追究违法责任
piracy thriving in the virtual world 虚拟世界猖獗的盗版行为
take drastic actions against pirated goods 盗版商品的价值
九体育类
Ball games are widespread. 球类运动很流行。
be in top condition at all times 随时保持最佳竞技状态
be keen on surfing 喜欢冲浪运动
be vigorous rather than skilful 与其说是身手不凡不如说是强壮有力
an upsurge in sports activities 体育运动热潮
develop mass sports activities 开展群众性体育运动
encourage athletics 鼓励开展体育运动
Exercise is the necessary to strengthen the body. 运动对于强身健体是必要的。
Exercise is the best preservative of health. 运动是最好的保健品。
Exercise makes one strong. 生命在于运动。
practice wholesome exercise 从事有益健康运动
Relaxation exercises can free your body of tension. 放松运动可松缓身体的紧张。
Sports may be a safety valve for people’s violent feelings. 运动是可以使人的强烈感情得以发泄的稳妥方式。
take regular exercise in the open 经常参加户外运动
an unique heritage 独特的遗产
carry forward the spirit of Olympics 发扬奥运精神
build up a good physique to defend the country 锻炼身体，保卫祖国
Do not become cocky/be dizzy with success, nor downcast over/discouraged by defeat. 胜不骄，败不馁。
high-morale and strong will; high-spirited and firmly-determinded 昂扬的斗志和顽强的毅力
in the true spirit of the sportmanship 以真正的体育道德精神
spiritual pillar 精神支柱
1.When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personally think the president committed impeachable offences .
当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔?克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。
2. When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing , some people think that use should be limited . Others argue that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth to both arguments,but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.
涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。
3. There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers . Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability . They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China ' s cities . But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force , on the other hand , maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program .
目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。
4. It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding . Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program . But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem .
人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。
5. Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems . But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness .
大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。
6. Many people believe that capital punishment deters crime . But although criminologists have conducted exhaustive research regarding the subject , little evidence exists to support the claim .
很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。但是，虽然刑事学家就这一课题做了详尽的研究，几乎没有证据能支持这种说法。
7. An increasing number of people are joining the " Information Age " via the Internet . In reaction to the phenomenon , some say the Internet has removed barrters and provided people with immediate access to the world . But do they raelize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy ?
越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私?
8. The use of guanxi is a widespread method for conducting business , but is it a wise one ? The method is now being challenged by more and more people .利用关系是做生意的普遍做法，但这种做法明智吗?现在，越来越多的人对这种方法提出了质疑。
9. These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor . Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem . But has it ? Close examination fails to bear out the argument .
最近，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗?细致的调查无法证实这一观点。
10. We ' re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction . But is this really the case ?
我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗?
11. One of the pressing problema facing our nation ( China ) today is overcoming disparities in urban and rural income levels .
我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是克服城乡收入水平之间的差距。
12. One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on the lack of adequate housing space .
许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
13. Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption , which is pervasive in all levels of government .
也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是遍布各级政府的官员腐败。
14. Inflation is yet another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .
通货膨胀又是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。
15. The rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached on valuable cultivatable land , and led to a general recognition that development must not be carried at the cost of agriculture . The government has attached greater importance to the problem and an increasing number of redundant projects are being terminated .
城区的迅速扩大在很多情况下侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的不必要的工程被终止。
16. There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection .
世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。
17. There has been a dramatic increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS in recent years , with a new study projecting that the dreaded disease will affect over 30 million people worldwide by the year 2005 .
近年来，艾滋病蔓延的幅度进一步扩大，一项新的研究预测，到2005年，世界上有超过三千万人将感染这一可怕的疾病。
18. Working with the disabled cannot help but leave one impressed with their indefatigable desire .
与残疾人一起工作使一个人不得不对他们坚持不懈的渴望印象深刻。
19. Perhaps no issues are more controversial than euthanasia and abortion , both of which involve taking the life of a human being .
也许没有问题比安乐死和人工流产更有争议性，它们都涉及结束一个人的生命。
20. Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now .
历史上，人口过剩的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。
21. Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that college degrees are a guarantee of intelligence .
也许现在是应该重新考虑大学为是智力的保证这种想法的时候了。
22. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness .
越来越多的人开始意识到财富不是幸福的惟一先决条件。
23. In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology , problems remain in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people .
尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步，但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。
24. A famous thinker once wrote that " the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself ! " If this is indeed the case , then the current situation should make us ponder our futuer existence .
一位著名的思想家曾经写道：“对人类最大的威胁是人类自身!”如果事实确实如此，那么，现状应该促使我们对我们未来的生存进行思索了。
25. U.S. President Harry Truman once remarked : " The buck stops here ! " His view has been confirmed by numerous world leaders who have assumed full responsibility for their actions .
美国总统杜鲁门曾经说过：“责任止于此!”(意为勿再把责任往别处推，这是杜鲁门办公室桌上的座右铭)他的观点得到了很多对自己的行动承担完全责任的世界领袖的肯定。
26. Large families were once seen as a blessing . Today , however , things are changing and an increasing number of Chinese parents realize that fewer is better .
大家庭曾经被看做是一种福气。然而，今天，情况改变了，越来越多的中国家长意识到家庭成员越少越好。
27. People used to place total reliance on the government . The so-called " iron rice bowl " prevailed in the past , but things are quite different today .
过去，人们习惯完全依靠政府。以前盛行所谓的“铁饭碗”，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
28. Several years ago , Chinese streets were filled with people wearing identical drab clothing . Today , however , things are quite different and the streets are awash with people wearing fashionable bright colored outfits . Why has the change taken place ?
许多年前，中国大街上的人都穿一样的灰褐色衣服。然而，今天的情况大不一样了，街上满是一个个身穿色彩艳丽的时髦衣服的人。出现这种变化的原因是什么呢?
29. Years of observing human behavior has enabled me to conclude that the major difference between mediocrity and success lies solely with the individual concerned . Successful individuals consistently seek advancement , while their less industrious contemporaries are merely content with the status quo .
对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论：平庸和成功的主要区别仅仅在于相关的个人。成功的个人不断寻求进步，而他们比较懒惰的同时代人仅仅满足于现状。
30. Traditional way of thinking have changed dramatically . The pendulum has swung and people are exhibiting greater open-mindedness and a burning desire to detemine their own destiny .
传统的思维方式有了显著的变化。舆论发生了剧变，人们表现出更开放的思想以及决定他们自己命运的强烈愿望。
31. There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money . A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority , compared to X percent only a few years ago . Why do people fail to realize that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness ?
近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。最近的一项调查表明，X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢?
32. Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving
a drunk driver . The incident was far from rare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people dricing under the influence of alcohol .
几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的案件的典型，这些案件与在酒精作用下开车的人有关。
33. I recently read a newspaper article on the rampant spread of child abuse . The deplorable problem of the widespread abuse of innocent children has aroused public concern nationwide .
最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。
34. Should parents spare the rod and spoil the child ? Opinions concerning strict parental discipline vary widely . Some view strict discipline as nothing more than a form of abuse , while others argue it is an essential factor for instilling appropriate social behavior .
家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子?针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。
35. What do you think of the increasing openness accompanying the ongoing sexual revolution ? Do you ever fantasize ? Answers to these questions should be based on a determination between appropriate and inappropriate behavior .
你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度?你曾经想像过吗?回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。
36. Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world ? This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people .
既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索?
现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。
37. Judging from the reams of evidence presented , we can safely conclude that the Three Gorges Project will change the lives of an untold number of people forever .
根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。
38. The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of AIDS will be brought under control in the foreseeable future .
提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
39. We must seek immediate solutions for problems leading to the rapid depletion of the earth's ozone layer . If allowed to proceed unchecked , the problem will undoubtedly exacerbate global warming and threaten life as we know it today .
我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。如果任其自由发展，这一问题无疑会加剧全球升温，并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。
40. Quite obviously , immediate action is needed to extricate 80 million Chinese people from the grips of poverty in order to remove the danger of social unrest and ensure continuing stability .
很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。
41. China needs to reexamine the results of political and social modernization in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed the detrimental aspects from a new perspective . Otherwise , various perceived accomplishments might in fact prove to be far from beneficial .
中国需要重新检查政治和社会现代化带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。
42. It is essential to heed warnings of potentially catastrophic consequences associated with the Year 2000 computer bug and , in turn , to attach top priority to finding effective solutions to ensure a smooth transition into the new century .
我们必须注意有关计算机千年虫可能带来的灾难性结果的警告，并且相应地优先考虑寻找有效的解决办法以确保顺利过渡到新世纪。
43. It is high time we put an end to the deplorable practice of infanticide.
我们早该杜绝杀婴这种应遭谴责的做法。
44. There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the scourge of corruption once and forever .
毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除腐败的祸害。
45. In short , we must work diligently to make the world a better place for coming generations . We must not persist in pursuits harmful to the environment
简而言之，我们必须勤奋工作，为了下一代把世界变成更美好的地方。我们不应该坚持对环境有害的追求。
46. We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity .
我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。
47. It is absolutely essential to reverse the irrational misuse of nonrenewable resources . For example , fuel-efficient motor vehicles must be developed to reduce oil consumption and alternative energy sources must be found to replace coal .
彻底改变对不可再生资源的非理性滥用是绝对有必要的。例如，必须开发节能的机动车减少汽油的消耗量，并且必须找到可替代能源取代煤。
48. While achieving success is easier said than done , persistence does in fact pay off . One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence , another is desire , and still another is determination .
获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。
49. Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .
认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。
50. Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid , but none fully address the problem and the issue must be examined in a wider context .
目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
51. There are no immediate solutions for reversing the Asian financial crisis , but convincing affected nations to practice fiscal restraint will be highly beneficial .
没有能立即扭转亚洲金融危机的办法，但是，它使受到影响的国家相信实行财政控制将大有益处。
52. Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding poverty remain elusive . However , public recognition of the necessity to provide a better quality of life for millions of people will represent the first step in finding effective solutions .
立即解决贫困问题的办法仍然是难以捉摸的。然而，公众认识到为数百万人提供更高质量的生活的必要性是找到有效的解决办法的第一步。
53. What dose the future hold if mankind persists in wasting natural resources ? While no one knows for sure , scientists do exhibit a degree of certainty when predicting that future generations will face a dramatically diffrernt world .
如果人类继续浪费自然资源，未来将会有什么贮藏?没有人知道明确的答案，但是，科学家在预测后代将面对一个迥然不同的世界时确实有一定的把握。
54. Reversing undesirable social trends will be far from an easy task and will require a dramatic change in attitudes . A keen awareness of right from wrong is essential for determining appropriate social behavior .
扭转不好的社会趋势远非一件易事，看法需要有巨大的变化。对正误的深刻认识是判定得体的社会行为所必需的。
55. We owe a debt of gratitude to the many individuals who dedicated their lives to making the world a better place . However , we must not rest on their accomplishments , but must instead work assiduously to record even greater achievements .
我们应该感谢许多为把世界变得更美好而奉献一生的人。然而，我们不能依靠他们的成绩，而必须努力工作，取得更辉煌的成就。
56. The two major challenges facing China today center on maintaining sustained economic growth and feeding its growing population of over 1.2 billion people with only seven percent of the world's cultivable land . Despite the monumental difficulties involved , Chinese people will undoubtedly exhibit their indefatigable resilience and achieve great success in both regards .
现在，中国面临的两大挑战是保持持续的经济增长和靠世界上仅仅百分之七的可耕地养活仍在增长的12亿人口。尽管遇到的困难很大，中国人无疑会表现出不知疲倦的活力，在两方面都取得巨大成功。
57. We do , in fact , have a long way to go to reach our final goal , but achieving some remains well within the realm of possibility .
事实上，我们达到最终的目标还有很长的路要走，但是，取得一些成绩还是可能做到的。
58. The time is right for us to take full advantage of ample existing opportunities .
这正是我们充分利用大量现有机会的时候。
59. While it remains to be seen whether or not environmental deterioration can be controlled , the current prospects are far from encouraging . People around the world must act immediately to prevent the situation from deteriorating even further .
环境恶化是否能得到控制这个问题仍然没有答案，但目前的前景一点儿也不乐观。全世界的人必须立即行动，防止情况进一步恶化。
60. The methodology suggested may not guarantee ultimate success , but the eventual pay-off could well be worth the effort . Achieving even partial success will benefit mankind and contribute to creating a better world .
提出的方法不一定保证最终的成功，但最后的结果非常值得付出努力。即使只获得部分成功也会使人类受益，有利于创造一个更美好的世界。
61. Admittedly , ensuring sustainable development will require a certain level of sacrifice and arduous efforts on the part of all people . Nonetheless , the accrued returns will both strengthen the nation and ensure a better life for all Chinese citizens .
诚然，确保持续的发展需要人们做出一定程度的牺牲和辛勤努力。但是，积累的成果不仅能使国家更强大，而且能保证中国公民过上更美好的生活。
62. The rapid emergence of homes for senior citizens represents a sharp divergence from the traditional Chinese practice of maintaining the nuclear family at all costs .
老人疗养院的迅速出现体现了与中国传统的不惜一切代价维持核心家庭的做法的显著分歧。
63. Participating in interactive experiences beneficial to all is something that no one should miss . The valuable lessons learned therefrom should not be arbitrarily dismissed , but should instead be treasured .
参加对所有人都有益的互动式体验是任何一个人都不应该错过的。从中获得的宝贵经验不应该任意抛弃，而应该倍加珍惜。
64. Abortion advocates may be correct in their assertion that the practice is a necessary tool of population control , but they seem to neglect the preciousness of human life in its earliest stages .
人工流产的提倡者认为它是控制人口的一种必要手段。他们也许是对的，但他们可能忽略了人的生命在最初阶段的宝贵。
65. Some people assert that nothing is impossible . Such people should get a grip on reality and understand it's impossible to create another Universe . In more down-to-earth terms , it's impossible to know with any certainty whether you will live or die tomorrow .
一些人断言没有什么事是不可能的。这些人应该把握现实，知道再造一个宇宙是不可能的。更现实的说法是不可能明确知道明天你会活着还是会死。
66. Two major factors contributed to devastating summer flooding along the Yangtze River and its tributaries . First , erosion resulting from excessive deforestation in the upper reaches of the river and , second ,heavy silting which raised the riverbed in the main channel .
两个主要因素导致了夏季长江及其支流的特大洪水。第一，过度砍伐引起的河流上游的侵蚀，第二，严重的泥沙淤积抬高了主干道的河床。
67. Greed and a total lack of social consciousness have been cited as major reasons for the dramatic rise corruption .
人们认为贪婪和社会意识的彻底缺乏是造成腐败急剧增加的主要原因。
68. There are several reasons for the marked increase in China's crime rate—the dramatic influx of itinerant workers in urban areas ; declining social values ; and widening disparities between the haves and have-nots .
中国的犯罪率显著升高有很多原因——城区大量流动工人的涌入;社会价值的贬低以及贫富之间日益
扩大的差距。
69. Why are an increasing number of elderly Chinese parents living apart from their children ? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation . Another is expanding social opportunities for the elderly . Perhaps the main reason , however , centers on dramatic changes in traditional concepts .
为什么越来越多的中国老人不和他们的孩子住在一起?原因之一是年轻一代的上进心增强了。另一个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而，主要的原因可能是传统观念发生了巨大变化。
70. What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise ? For one thing , people have gained
a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness . For another , the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues . The main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides .
什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣?一方面，人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性。另一方面，不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够支付增加的娱乐支出。最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。
71. Identifying the reasons for an emerging phenomenon which involves several complicated factors is far from an easy task . For example , some scientists attribute environmental deterioration to a series of natural factors , while others place the blame solely on inappropriate human behavior .
要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非一件易事。例如，一些科学家把环境的恶化归结为一些自然因素，而另一些人把责任都推在人类不适当的行为上。
72. One doesn't have to look far to realize the direct correlation between smoking and cancer .
人们不用花费很大力气就能发现抽烟和癌症之间的直接联系。
73. The explanation for the phenomenon of the rising teenage suicide rate involves many complicated factors . Some attribute the rise to an overemphasis on early success , others point to mounting peer pressure , and still others to confusion over changing social values .
对上升的少年自杀率的解释涉及很多复杂的因素。有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功，有的人指出是因为不断增长的同伴之间的压力，还有人认为是对不断变化的社会价值的迷茫造成的。
74. The reasons for antisocial behavior are both complicated and varied . I suggest the phenomenon results from inappropriate role models and the lack of well-defined norms of behavior . However , the main reason is quite likely the continuing degeneration of social values .
反社会行为的原因既复杂又多样。我认为这种现象是不恰当的角色典型和缺少行为规范的很好的定义造成的。然而，主要原因很可能是不断贬低的社会价值。
75. The causes of racial hatred are not readily definable . Sociologists , however , attribute them to the misguided concept of a superior race and an innate mistrust of people of color . Perhaps the main cause is quite simply ignorance .
种族仇恨的起因没有现成的答案。然而，社会学家把原因归结为被误导的更高贵的种族的观念以及天生的对有色人种的不信任。主要原因可能仅仅是因为无知。
76. The scourge of HIV/AIDS currently engulfing the world will quite likely be brought under control within the next few years thanks to the untiring efforts of scientists and researchers worldwide .
现在席卷世界的艾滋病的祸害很有可能由于全世界科学家和研究人员的不懈努力在未来几年内得到控制。
77. The incidence rate of cancer mainly stems from several factors , including inappropriate diets , poor healthcare practices and the lack of early detection . Continuing medical advances and rising awareness do , however , offer promising hope for the future .
癌症的发病率主要由以下诸多因素引起，包括不适当的饮食、不好的保健习惯以及没有及早发现。然而，医学的不断进步和对此不断增强的关注给未来带来了很大的希望。
78. Increased urban pollution levels and the mounting death toll from motor vehicles accidents can mainly be attributed to the glut of automobiles appearing on city roads in recent years . Detrimental factors will quite likely outweigh the benefits of rising automobile usage .
城市人口的增长和车祸中死亡率的增加主要是由于近年内充斥城市道路的汽车。汽车使用量的增加带来的有害因素很有可能超过它的好处。
79. The rising divorce rate in China can , at least in part , be attributed to spousal incompatibility , disparities in education levels , changing social attitudes and the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation .
中国上升的离婚率可以，至少部分可以归结为婚姻的不和谐，受教育水平的差异，变化的社会看法以及年轻一代不断增强的上进心。
80. State-owned enterprises are not only failing because of inefficient management , but also because of their inability to awitch operational modes from the former planned economy to the new market economy .
国有企业失败不仅由于低效的管理，也因为他们不能实现从以前的计划经济到新的市场经济的运作模式的转换。
81. Although we do not know the long-term consequences of separation or deprivation , we do know that they can produce acute immediate distress .
虽然我们不知道分离和丧失亲人的长期后果，但我们知道它们能立即引起剧烈的悲痛。
82. One can raedily trace the disappearance of dinosaurs to a major cataclysmic event .
人们很容易把恐龙消失的原因归结为重大的灾难性事件。
83. The raesons for poverty are many , but for the most part center on illiteracy , the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness .
贫困的原因很多，但主要是因为缺少教育、缺少机会，有的情况下纯粹是由于懒惰。
84. Child development depends on a number of factors , both physical and psychological . Correct parental nurturing from infancy through adolescence determines both the physical and mental profile of a mature individual .
儿童的发展取决于很多因素，包括生理的和心理的。从婴儿期到青春期的正确的家长教育决定一个成熟的个人的体质及智力的状况。
85. Factors such as self-condidence and ambition , combined with determination and willpower , contribute to eventual success or failure .
自信、雄心，加上决心和毅力等因素是造成最终的成功或失败的原因。
86. Various factors will weigh heavily on China's eventual entry into the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) . One centers on the total abandonment of protectionism , and the other on the adoption of generally accepted international accounting norms .
许多因素对中国最终加入世界贸易组织(WTO)有很大的影响。因素之一是彻底放弃保护主义，另一个因素是采用普遍接受的国际会计规范。
87. One of the most common failures of people today is to avoid telling the truth . People must realize that avoidance and lying have never in the past and , in fact , never will right a wrong .
如今人类最常见的一个不足是不说真话。人们必须意识到不说真话、说谎话在过去没有，事实上，将来也永远不会变错误为正确。
88. Central planning has , at least in part , been blamed for the current demise of state-owned enterprises . Perhaps , however , the greatest blame should be placed on factors such as grossly inefficient management ; the rampant practice of " guanxi " , cronyism and nepotism ; excessively large work forces ; abuses of social benefits ; and without a doubt corruption .
人们认为中央计划至少是现在国有企业失败的部分原因。然而，最主要的原因可能是极低效的管理、关系的普遍运用、任用亲信和裙带关系、大量过剩的劳动力、社会救济金的滥用，当然还包括腐败。
89. A recent survey revealed large disparities in the income levels of male and female workers holding the same position . The determining factor should be qualifications , rather than gender , when determining both the salary and position of an individual .
最近的一项调查表明在同样职位上的男性与女性工人的收入水平存在差异。在决定工人工资和职位的时候，决定因素应该是资格，而不是性别。
90. Social finesse , willingness to relocate and language capacity are also determinant factora in assessing job qualifications .
社交手腕、愿意调动以及语言能力也是评估工作资格的决定性因素。
91. The tumultuous Cultural Revolution was chiefly responsible for the searing desire for change in China .
混乱的文化大革命是引起对中国发生变化的极度渴望的主要原因。
92. Traditional beliefs do not in themselves explain the lingering prevalence of outdated concepts in China .
传统信仰本身不能解释过时观念为何仍然在中国普遍存在。
93. Some lay the blame for falling exports squarely on financial turmoil sweeping many Asian countries . The fact of the matter is , however , that proportionate blame should be assigned to the lackadaisical approach to developing new markets , failure to improve product quality and government inaction in the realm of support .
有的人干脆认为造成出口下降的原因是横扫亚洲许多国家的金融危机。然而，事实是一部分原因应归结为开拓新市场的不得力的方法、改进产品质量的失败以及政府没有表示支持的行动。
94. We often ignore the real problem and instead search for a needle in a haystack . Solving problems of any kind requires one to adopt a direct approach which addresses all relevant issues .
我们经常忽略实际问题，而是大海捞针。解决任何类型的问题都需要一个人采取直接的办法处理所有相关事情。
95. Claiming a lack of opportunities is nothing more than a superficial excuse for justifying failure . The fundamental reason for failure is most often the lack of drive on the part of the individual involved .
声称缺少机会不过是敷衍失败的借口。通常，失败最根本的原因是相关的个人本身缺乏动力。
96. We can , and quite often do , blame our contemporaries for personal failures , but the fact of the matter is that the root causes for most problems go much deeper .
我们可以，而且经常因个人的失败抱怨我们的同时代人，但是，事实是许多问题的根本原因要深刻得多。
97. The rapidly emerging sexual revolution has been accompanied by many disturbing trends . Perhaps the most serious consequences center on the rapid spread of sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs ) , rising prostitution and the rise in AIDS cases .
备考的时候唯一心愿就是上岸之后也可以写一篇经验贴，来和学弟学妹们分享这一年多的复习经验和教训。 我在去年这个时候也跟大家要一样在网上找着各种各样的复习经验贴，给我的帮助也很多，所以希望我的经验也可以给你们带来一定帮助，但是每个人的学习方法和习惯都不相同，所以大家还是要多借鉴别人的经验，然后找到适合自己的学习方法，并且坚持到底！ 时间确实很快，痛也快乐着吧。 我准备考研的时间也许不是很长，希望大家不要学我，毕竟考研的竞争压力是越来越大，提前准备还是有优势的，另外就是时间线只针对本人，大家可以结合实际制定自己的考研规划。 在开始的时候我还是要说一个老生常谈的话题，就是你要想明白自己为什么要考研，想明白这一点是至关重要的。如果你是靠自我驱动，是有坚定的信心发自内心的想要考上研究生，就可以减少不必要的内心煎熬，在复习的过程中知道自己不断的靠近自己的梦想。 好了说了一些鸡汤，下面咱们说一下正经东西吧，本文三大部分：英语+政治+专业课，字数比较多，文末分享了真题和资料，大家可自行下载。 北京语言大学比较文学与世界文学的初试科目为： (101)思想政治理论 (201)英语一 (723)中外文学(823)比较文学概论或(101)思想政治理论(203)日语 (724)中外文学(823)比较文学概论 参考书目为：
1.外国文学参考书上下两册 2.乐黛云：《比较文学与比较文化十讲》复旦大学出版社 3.陈惇、刘象愚：《比较文学概论》北京师范大学出版社 4.杨乃文、乐黛云：《比较文学概论》北京大学出版社 5.杨慧林、高旭东：《比较文学实用指南》北京大学出版社 关于英语复习的建议 考研英语复习建议:一定要多做真题，通过对真题的讲解和练习，在不断做题的过程中，对相关知识进行查漏补缺。对于自己不熟练的题型，加强训练，总结做题技巧，达到准确快速解题的目的。 虽然准备的时间早但因为各种事情耽误了很长时间，真正复习是从暑假开始的，暑假学习时间充分，是复习备考的黄金期，一定要充分利用，必须集中学习，要攻克阅读，完形，翻译，新题型！大家一定要在这个时间段猛搞学习。 在这一阶段的英语复习需要背单词，做阅读（每篇阅读最多不超过20分钟），并且要做到超精读。无论你单词背的多么熟，依然要继续背单词，不能停。 真题是木糖英语的真题手译，把阅读真题争取做三遍，做到没有一个词不认识，没有一个句子不懂，能理解文章的主旨，每道题目选项分析透彻。 完型填空的考察重点就是词汇辨析，逻辑关系，固定搭配和语法等。完型一般放在最后一步做，所以时间有限，不需要把文章通读一遍，只要把握首句，即文章的中心大意，不要脱节文章主题意思即可。 做题的时候多联系理解上下文，精读空格所在句，根据前后的已知信息寻找相关的线索去选择合适的单词，所以建议大家练习完形填空要注重思路和寻找文章的线索。另外，要注重固定搭配与常见词组，完型填空常常和搭配有关系，平
托福写作常用的80个高频形容词 在托福写作中，常常会运用到各种各样的形容词。下面环球教育小编收集的托福写作80个高频形容词备考，希望对考生会有所帮助。 1. pleasant and enjoyable多姿多彩的 2. boring, exhausting and stressful无聊的，繁重的, 压力大的 3. isolated, unsociable and depressed孤立的，不善于社交的，和抑郁的 4. addictive 上瘾的 5. aggressive 有上进心的 6. balanced 平衡的 7. compatible 兼容的 8. complicated 复杂的 9. confident 自信的 10. corrupt 腐败的 11. cutting-edge 尖端的 12. delicious 美味可口的 13. demanding 要求高的 14. detrimental 有害的 15. eccentric 古怪的 16. economical 节俭的 17. enlightened 开明的;文明的 18. fashionable 时髦的 19. feasible 可行的 20. flexible 灵活多样的 21. fruitful 有成效的
22. glamorous 富有魅力的 23. gorgeous 辉煌的 24. impressive 令人印象深刻的 25. incompatible 不和适宜的 26. indifferent 冷漠的 27. indispensable 不可或缺的 28. inexhaustible 取之不尽的 29. infectious 传染性的 30. influential 有影响力的 31. inhumane 不人道的 32. innocent 多管闲事的, 无辜的 33. instructive 智力的 34. intellectual 智力的 35. interpersonal 人际间的 36. irreparable 不可弥补的 37. luxurious 奢侈的 38. mature 成熟的 39. misleading 误导的 40. misrepresented 不如实叙述的 41. money-oriented 拜金的 42. nourishing 有营养的 43. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 44. perilous 危险的 45. permissive 宽容的;许可的 46. pornographic 色情的
、accident n. 意外事件, 事故 2、achievement n. 成就, 功绩 3、activity n. 活跃, 活动性, 行动, 行为 4、adopt vt. 采用, 收养 5、advantage n. 优势, 有利条件, 利益 6、Afford vt. [常与can, could, be able to 连用]担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受得住; 抽得出(时间) 7、ambition n. 野心, 雄心 8、approach n. 接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路vt. 接近,动手处理vi. 靠近 9、attract vt. 吸引vi. 有吸引力, 引起注意 10、bribe [braib] n. 贿赂vt. 贿赂, 向...行贿 11、chance n. 机会, 可能性, 偶然性, 运气 12、cheat n. 欺骗, 骗子v. 欺骗, 骗取 13、client n. [计]顾客, 客户, 委托人 14、Communication n. 传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯 15、compare v. 比较, 相比, 比喻n.比较 16、compete vi. 比赛, 竞争 17、Concentrate v. 集中, 浓缩 18、Consequently adv. 从而, 因此 19、contribution n. 捐献, 贡献, 投稿 20、Convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的 21、decline vi. 下倾, 下降, 下垂v. 拒绝, 衰落 22、decrease n. 减少, 减少之量v. 减少 23、demand n. 要求, 需求(量), 需要v.要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询 24、Depict vt. 描述, 描写 25、Duality n. 二元性 26、Economy n. 经济, 节约, 节约措施, 经济实惠, 系统, 机体, 经济制度的状况 27、education n. 教育, 训导, 训练, 培养, 教育学 28、effect n. 结果, 效果, 作用, 影响, (在视听方面给人流下的)印象 29、Efficiency n. 效率, 功效 30、Emphasis n. 强调, 重点 31、enjoy vt. 享受...的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱 32、Enrich vt. 使富足, 使肥沃, 装饰, 加料于, 浓缩 33、ensure vt保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到v. 确保, 确保, 保证 34、Entertain vt. 娱乐, 招待, 接受, 怀抱vi. 款待 35、Environment n. 环境, 外界 36、Expense n. 费用, 代价, 损失, 开支, 费钱之物 37、fee [fi:] n. 费(会费、学费等), 酬金 38、figure n. 外形, 轮廓, 体形, 图形, 画像, 数字, 形状, 身份 39、finance n. 财政, 金融, 财政学vt. 供给...经费, 负担经费vi.筹措资金 40、fulfill vt. 履行, 实现, 完成(计划等) 41、GDP abbr. 国内生产总值(gross domestic product)
2018年清华大学比较文学与世界文学考研（0501）考试科目、参考书目、 复习经验 一、招生信息 所属学院：人文学院 所属门类代码、名称：文学[05] 所属一级学科代码、名称：中国语言文学[0501] 二、研究方向 01（全日制）比较文学与世界文学 三、考试科目 1、初试考试科目： ①101思想政治理论 ②201英语一或 202俄语或 203日语或 241德语或 242法语 ③613文学基础 ④856中国文学史 2、复试考试科目： 复试时专业综合考试内容：比较文学与世界文学。 四、参考书目 《文学理论要略》人民文学出版社童庆炳 郭绍虞《中国历代文论选》 《文学理论要略》人民文学出版社童庆炳 《中国历代文论选（一卷本）》上海古籍出版社郭绍虞 《中国文学史（1－4卷）》袁行霈高等教育出版社 《20世纪中国文学史（1－2卷）》中山大学出版社黄修已 五、复习指导
一、参考书的阅读方法 （1）目录法：先通读各本参考书的目录，对于知识体系有着初步了解，了解书的内在逻辑结构，然后再去深入研读书的内容。 （2）体系法：为自己所学的知识建立起框架，否则知识内容浩繁，容易遗忘，最好能够闭上眼睛的时候，眼前出现完整的知识体系。 （3）问题法：将自己所学的知识总结成问题写出来，每章的主标题和副标题都是很好的出题素材。尽可能把所有的知识要点都能够整理成问题。 二、学习笔记的整理方法 （1）第一遍学习教材的时候，做笔记主要是归纳主要内容，最好可以整理出知识框架记到笔记本上，同时记下重要知识点，如假设条件，公式，结论，缺陷等。记笔记的过程可以强迫自己对所学内容进行整理，并用自己的语言表达出来，有效地加深印象。第一遍学习记笔记的工作量较大可能影响复习进度，但是切记第一遍学习要夯实基础，不能一味地追求速度。第一遍要以稳、细为主，而记笔记能够帮助考生有效地达到以上两个要求。并且在后期逐步脱离教材以后，笔记是一个很方便携带的知识宝典，可以方便随时查阅相关的知识点。 （2）第一遍的学习笔记和书本知识比较相近，且以基本知识点为主。第二遍学习的时候可以结合第一遍的笔记查漏补缺，记下自己生疏的或者是任何觉得重要的知识点。再到后期做题的时候注意记下典型题目和错题。 （3）做笔记要注意分类和编排，便于查询。可以在不同的阶段使用大小合适的不同的笔记本。也可以使用统一的笔记本但是要注意各项内容不要混杂在以前，不利于以后的查阅。同时注意编好页码等序号。另外注意每隔一定时间对于在此期间自己所做的笔记进行相应的复印备份，以防原件丢失。统一的参考书书店可以买到，但是笔记是独一无二的，笔记是整个复习过程的心血所得，一定要好好保管。
写作关键用词及短语汇总
数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多（大）的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见（opinion） 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of
Ⅰ．前缀re- re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义： 1．表示"回"或"向后"的意思。例如：return（回来，返回）recall（回忆，召回）retract（缩回，取回） 2．表示"再"、"重新"、"重复"的意思。例如：review（复习）reunion（团圆，重聚）restart （重新开始）reconstruction（重建） 3．表示"相反"、"反对"的意思。例如：r，ebel（反叛谋反）reverse（转反，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗） Ⅱ．前缀de-与dis- 前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为"away from"，所以这个前缀的意义之一就是"离开"、"出"。它构成的词有一定规律性，常表"离开"这一深层概念，而且常与介词from等搭配，例如：dethrone （废黜） deport（驱逐出境）deduce（推断）derail（脱轨） Delete his name from the list of members．把他的名字从成员名单上除去。 The train will depart from platform 2．这列火车将从2号站台发车。 另外，前缀de-还表示"除去"、"取消"以及"否定"、"非"、"相反"的意思。例如：decamp（撤营）decode（解码）deforest（砍伐森林）decolonize（非殖民化）devaluation（贬值） He has been degraded from public office．他已经被解除公职。 He descended from his taxi．他下了出租车。 前缀dis-与前缀de-同源，也来自拉丁语，原义为apart"分开"。dis-具有"不"、"无"的意思，所以加在某些动词或名词前构成反义词。例如：dishonest（不诚实的）disappear（不见，消失） disorder（无秩序，混乱） dis-还表示"取消"、"除去"以及"分开"、"离"、"散"的意思。由这些意义构成的词常与from等搭配。例如： He discounted 15％from the price of a car．他把汽车价格打八五折。 Don't distracthis mind from his work．不要分散他工作的注意力。
参考书丨名校文学类考研经验之最全参考用书 很多人都问我有关文学考研的参考书问题。大多数中文重点院校，如北京大学、复旦大学、武汉大学、南京大学，现在都已经没有指定参考书了。不指定参考书可以让学校显得很霸气，你爱考不考，但这不是主要目的，其主要目的是不想因为参考书而限定考生的视野和思维。文学专业不同于其他报考专业，其书目繁杂多样，让人眼花缭乱。真正想要考上的同学，是不能受制于几本参考书目的，而需要结合其他更有学术分量的书籍，通过教材、作品、专著和论文各方面的融合，形成自己的知识体系和思维方法，才有可能最终拔得头筹，金榜题名。虽然不指定参考书，但我们还是可以根据以前的参考书以及最近年考题的变化，来有针对性地研究一些书目，不然复习就太盲目摸不着方向了。一般而言，在学术上最具有代表性的书目，都可以成为考研的参考书。针对武大而言，根据专业分类，介绍推荐基本书目。 一、中国现当代文学1、《中国现代文学三十年》(修订本)，钱理群等著，北京大学出版社。现代文学三十年，一般名解(时有时无)、简答和论述各一题，分值在40分左右;因此必须充分重视。钱理群、温儒敏、吴福辉撰述的《中国现代文学三十年》修订本，这部近60万字的现代文学史著作，既注意吸收前人关于作家、作品和文体研究的成果，
又克服了以往文学史的叙事模式与狭窄格局，拓宽了研究领域，在“文学现代化”这一命题下，形成了学术品味浓厚的独异的特色。在结构布局上，全书按照1917-1949年的历史分期分为三编，但对各个时期的社会政治形势只作简约的交代，着重阐释各个阶段重要的文学思潮与文学现象，从文学演进过程与历史联系中去分析文学自身的规律与特点。这本书虽然也按文体分类，却注重突出各种文体的性质、走向以及不同流派的特点，并对某些代表艺术高峰的作家作品作专章论述，每章还附录了年表。在对重要作家的评论中，力避对作家生平的罗列和对作品情节冗长的复述，而重视作品的艺术成就和美学价值，尤其注意分析作品产生久远影响的原因。如第二章鲁迅(一)，在评论鲁迅小说的结构模式与深邃意蕴时，特意标出“说不尽的鲁迅”一节，综合了近年来学界对“阿Q精神”的人类学内涵的探讨。书中还把沈从文列为专章，表示了对这位构筑“湘西世界”，“充当现代中国文化的批判者角色”的文化人的同情和理解。这些都是过去文学史著作所没有的或所省略的。《现代文学三十年》在80年代首版，当时作为“重写文学史”的代表作，是几个年轻人写成的，但在当时费尽周折才在上某出版社出版，其影响越来越大，后来经修订后由北京大学出版社出版，已被列为普通高等教育“九五”教育部重点教材，是现代文学研究的代表著作。2、《中国当代文学概论》(第三版)，於可训著，武
二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge，n．知识，学问；认识；知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite．／There is no limit to knowledge．学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n．知识渊博的；有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n．博学，博识；学问；知识 erudite a．博学的，有学问的；n．博学之上，有学问的人 learned a．有学问的，博学的；精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n．知识；学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上，学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n．(哲)知识 epistemic n．(哲)(关于)认识的；(关于)知识的 letters n．[用作单或复]文学；学问；文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n．学问，知识；(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n．学术成就；学问，学识；奖学金 scholarly a．学者气质的；学者风度的
历年考研英语高频单词 考研英语一级词必考词 social 社会的，交际的，好交际的 rate 速率，比率，等级，价格，费用，估价，费用，估价，评级，评价 aount 帐目(户)，叙述，说明，解释，是......的原因 drive 开(车)，驱赶，驱动，把(钉.桩)打入，驱车旅行，有计划的努力 view 景象，风景，观点，见解，观察，观看，眼界，看待，观察，考虑 age 年龄，时期，时代，变老，老化 function 功能，作用，职务，职责，函数，密切关系，集会，起作用 creat 创造，创作，引起，造成，建立 culture 修养，教养，文化，文明 otherwise 别样，用别的办法，在其他方面，要不然，否则 activity 活动，活性，活力 depend 取决于，依靠，信赖，相信 project ，计划，工程，项目，投射，放映，(使)凸出，(使)伸出，设计，规划 structure 结构，构造，建筑物，构造，建造 author 作者，创始人
economic 经济上的，经济学的，合算的，有经济效益的 process 过程，进程，工序，制作法，(法律)程序，(诉讼)手续，加工，处理，办理 system 系统，体系，制度，体制 growth 生长，增长，发展，产物，肿瘤 behaviour 行为，举止，(机器的)特性 economy 节约，经济 individual 个人的，单独的，独特的，个人，个体 theory 理论，原理，学说，见解，看法 concern 涉及，关系到，关系，挂念，(厉害)关系 fund 资金，基金 ability 能力，智能，才能，才干 tend 趋向，往往是，照料，看护 advantage 优点，长处，有利条件，利益，好处 benefit 利益，好处，恩惠，有益于，受益 intelligence 智力，聪明，理解力，情报，消息，报道 substance 物质，实质，大意，财产，财物 essential 必要的，必不可少的，本质的，基本的 infer 推论，推断 product 产品，结果，产物，乘积 expert 专家，能手，熟练的，有经验的，专门的 likely 很可能的，有希望的，大概，多半
考研常用英语写作词汇 1. accident n. 意外事件，事故 2. achievement n. 成就，功绩 3. activity n. 活跃，活动性，行动，行为 4. adopt vt. 采用，收养 5. advantage n. 优势，有利条件，利益 6. afford vt. [常与can，could，be able to连用]担负得起费用（损失，后果等），花费得起，经受得住；抽得出（时间） 7. ambition n. 野心，雄心 8. approach n. 接近，逼近，走进，方法，步骤，途径，通路 ①vt. 接近，动手处理②vi. 靠近 9. attract vt. 吸引 vi. 有吸引力，引起注意 10. bribe n. 贿赂 vt. 贿赂，向. . . 行贿 11. chance n. 机会，可能性，运气 12. cheat n. 欺骗，骗子 v. 欺骗，骗取 13. client n. [计]顾客，客户，委托人 14. communication n. 传达，信息，交通，通讯 15. compare v. 比较，相比，比喻 n. 比较 16. compete vi. 比赛，竞争 17. concentrate v. 集中，浓缩 18. consequently adv. 从而，所以
19. contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿 20. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的 21. decline vi. 下倾，下降，下垂 v. 拒绝，衰落 22. decrease n. 减少，减少之量 v. 减少 23. demand n. 要求，需求（量），需要 v. 要求，需要，要求知道，查询 24. depict vt. 描述，描写 25. duality n. 二元性
考研的过程永生铭记，我整理了下考研经验和参考书，下面分享给你们。 英语从开始考研准备之时就要着手，前期背单词，中期背单词加练习阅读，后期背单词加分析真题。我认为这是最正确的三步走法则。 可以看到，背单词贯穿始终，可见单词认不认识决定了英语考不考的好。背单词每天80-160个（视个人能力与情况而定），值得一提的是，考研单词不像高考背单词，必须知道单词的各个意思，特别是生词癖义，往往就成了阅读的核心，单词不仅要背，更要学会拿背好的单词组句，这样同时可以训练写作，单词不仅要背，短语也要背，搭配的好，作文就漂亮。推荐《一本单词》，里面不光有单词还有长句，把单词放到句子里背诵效果很不错。 关于真题，请一定要珍惜，数量不多，所有真题不准留有不认识的单词、短语、长难句（一个也不行），据分析，第二年卷面出现前一年相同单词的概率是百分之八十，真题我用的《木糖英语真题手译版》。 真题刷完2遍，有时间可以看看蛋核英语的课程，把各模块都强化一下，像木糖英语、蛋核英语公众号里的文章都可以关注关注。 政治主攻时间在九月十月左右，跟着李凡老师就可以了，我只用了《政治新时器》一套。还有其他注意事项告诉大家： ⑴选择题五十分，这是政治的妈。按照国情，妈决定一切。不是我吹，选择题事关大唐江山。提高的方法，也真的没有方法。跟学佛一样，你得悟，找感觉，去理解，去思考选项与题目之间的联系，去思索问题设置的出发点，更重要的是掌握基础知识，应万变于不变。这块把《政治新时器》里的题目多刷几遍把。 选择题的考察范围遍布包括马原、时政、毛中特、思修、近代史纲。分值分布和排序有规律，视频课有讲，我忘了，只记得时政16分，不知道是选择题还是占全部的总分，反正不少，时政你猜不到的放弃吧。 ⑵分析题五十分，把《政治新时器》里大题都背一遍吧，压题很准。政治分析题答题时没有横线，需要字迹工整（好看），需要条理清晰，架构清楚，层层深入。 专业课： 首先大致浏览一遍课本，自己做一个大纲出来，大标题小标题小小标题这样，第一遍可以不细看，但要有个印象，知道书大概讲的是什么，分几章，每章又在
托福写作常用连词汇总 在托福作文训练中，各位网友应该有意识地使用下列连接词，这对提高作文分数是很有帮助地，大家在练习TOEFL 写作时可以参考使用。同时大家在使用这些词的时候，必须弄清楚哪些连接词是副词，哪些是连词。 1. 增补（Addition） in addition（另外，此外）, furthermore （此外，而且）, again （此外i ，再次）, also （并且，另外）, besides 此外，而且）, moreover （另外，而且）, what's more （此外）, similarly （类似的，相同的）, next, finally. 2. 比较（Comparison） in the same way （同样的，以相同的方式）, likewise （同样的，也）, similarly, equally （同样的，相等的）, in comparison （相比之下，同。。。相比）, just as （正如） 3. 对照（Contrast） Whereas （然而，反之）, in contrast （作为比较，相比较而言）, on the other hand, instead （替代，反而）, however 可是，然而，无论如何，无论怎样）, nevertheless （然而，不过，虽然如此）, unlike, even though（虽然，尽管）, on the contrary （相反，反之）, while （当。。。时候，虽然，然而） 4. 因果（Cause and effect） Because （连词，后可跟句子或者名词）, because of （副词，只能跟句子）, for （因为）, since （因为，以后，自此）, due to （由于，取决于）, owing to （由于）, thanks to （由于，幸亏）, as a result（of）（因此）, accordingly （因此，于是，相应的）, hence （因此，今后）, so, thus （因而，因此） 5. 强调（Emphasis） Certainly （当然的，的确）, above all （首先，首要）, indeed （的确，确实）, of course, surely （肯定的，确信的）, actually, as a matter of fact （事实上）, chiefly （主要的，首先）, especially （特别，尤其）, primarily （首先，主要）, in particular（尤其，特别）, undoubtedly （确实的，毋庸置疑的）, absolutely（绝对的，完全的）, most important （最重要的，关键的）
翻译硕士（MTI）考研必备：常见词汇表 -P 小编网上查找中国日报常用词汇表A－Z，希望对大家词汇掌握有所帮助。以下为汉语P开头的单词，希望大家认真记忆。 帕金森症parkinsonism派出所local police station 排华政策policy of discrimination against the Chinese/ 排外主义exclusivism 潘多拉魔盒Pandora's box/ 攀比银行存款bankification 盘点stock count; take stock of/ 盘活存量资产liquidize remnant assets 抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale/ 跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman 泡沫经济bubble economy 泡妞chase after the girls 赔了夫人又折兵, 花钱填无底洞throw good money after bad/ 配股allotment of shares；rationed shares 配件accessories 配套政策supporting policies 棚户shacks; family that live in shacks 碰钉子get snubbed 碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.) 碰一鼻子灰be sent off with a flea in one's ear; be snubbedd; get a rebuff/ 批发市场wholesale market/ 皮包公司bogus company 疲软股票soft stock 啤酒肚beer belly 片面追求升学率place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level/ 骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage / 票贩子scalper, ticket tout 票房box office
考研作文常用词汇 经济： Economy，finance，commerce/commercial，economic globalization（经济全球化）sustainable development(可持续发展） unfair competition（不正当竞争） promote sales（促销） fake and inferior product（假冒伪劣产品） crack down on fake commodities(打假），boom（繁荣） purchasing power(购买力） management（管理） fierce competition(激烈竞争） after-sale service （售后服务） bread-and-butter issue(生计问题） enterprise image（企业形象） retail（零售） credit crisis（信用危机） stabilize prices（稳定物价） brand effect(品牌效应） popular pastime(流行的消遣方式） 文化： culture and civilization（文化和文明） great and profound(博大精深的） diversity(多样性）
integration and interaction(融合交汇） crash（碰撞） original (原创原始的） minority(少数民族） revealing（有启发的） charming(极具魅力的） splendid(壮丽辉煌的） erotic(色情的） talk show(谈话节目） English fever(英语热） environment-friendly（生态型的，环保的） conserve natural habitats（保护生存环境） pollute/contaminate(污染） natural resources（自然资源） energy conservation and environmental protection(节能环保） biodiversity(生物多样性） extinction（灭绝） threat of global warming(全球变暖的威胁） promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth（促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变） bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection (实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一） impact on the quality of the water and the air(对水质和空气质量的影响）
比较文学学习、研究参考书目 一、比较文学原理、专题研究论著 比较文学史(法)洛里哀著商务印书馆1931 比较文学论(法)梵·第根著戴望舒译商务印书馆1937 比较文学与文学理论(美)乌·韦斯坦因著刘象愚译辽宁人民出版社1987 比较文学导论(美)弗·约斯特著廖鸿钧等译湖南文艺出版社1988 什么是比较文学(法)布吕奈尔等著葛雷等译北京大学出版社1989 比较文学引论(罗)亚历山大·迪马著谢天振译上海译文出版社1991 比较文学原理(日)大眆幸男著陈秋峰等译陕西人民出版社1985 比较文学导论卢康华孙景尧著黑龙江人民出版社1984 比较文学原理乐黛云著湖南文艺出版社1988 简明比较文学孙景尧著中国青年出版社1988 比较文学概论陈忄享刘象愚著北京师范大学出版社1988 中西比较文学教程乐黛云主编高等教育出版社1988 比较文学探索孟昭毅著吉林大学出版社1991 比较文学史曹顺庆主编四川人民出版社1991 比较文学方法论刘介民著天津人民出版社1993 比较文学陈忄享孙景尧谢天振主编高等教育出版社1997 比较文学原理新编乐黛云等著北京大学出版社1998 世界文学发展比较史曹顺庆主编北京师范大学出版社2000 比较诗学(美)厄尔·迈纳著王宇根等译中央编译出版社1998 比较神话学蔡茂松著新疆大学出版社1993 比较故事学刘守华著上海文艺出版社1995 译介学谢天振著上海外语教育出版社1999 超学科比较文学研究乐黛云王宁主编中国社会科学出版社1989 比较文学研究类型赵毅衡周发祥著花山文艺出版社1993 独角兽与龙——在寻找中西文化普遍性中的误读乐黛云勒北京大学出版社1995 文化传递与文学形象乐黛云张辉主编北京大学出版社1999 文化类同与文化利用——世界文化总体对话中的中国形象(美)史景迁著廖世奇等译北京大学出版社1990
托福写作——100个替换词汇 important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) common=universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)，plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) stick=adhere, cling (hold on something tightly) neglect=ignore。(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention。) near=adjacent(two things next to each other)，adjoin(the same as adjacent) pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned)，seek(if you seek sty, you try to obtain it FORMAL) accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)，exact(correct in every detail) vague=obscure (unknown or known by only a few people) top=peak, summit competitor=rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics) blame=condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) opinion=perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) fame=prestige(describe those who are admired)，reputation build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL)，establish insult=humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) primary=radical (very important and great in degree)，fundamental relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) force=coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something she does not want to)，compel enlarge=magnify (magnify means make something