一. 简介
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
二. 应用条件
虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气
在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
真eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）
非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）
2、用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他
例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他②if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）
2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
3、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或只用动词原型。④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。
2、在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去 had + 过去分词；现在过去时(be 用were ) 将来过去时(be 用were ) 如：I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿
5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如It is time that I went
to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
6、简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。(1) 提出请求或邀请。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。(3) 提出劝告或建议。如：You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。(4) 提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
练习以及解析
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet
D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. will speak
D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours
B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours
D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went
B. could go
C. have gone
D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you
B. should you
C. would you
D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has known
D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of
B. In spite of
C. In case of
D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had met
C. would have met
D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches
B. will teach
C. has taught
D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind
B. fell behind
C. may fall behind
D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained
B. would have rained
C. have seen
D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should
B. would
C. do
D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went
B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against
B. will decide against
C. have decided
D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep
B. went to sleep
C. go to bed
D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had
B. have had
C. would have
D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress
B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt
D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them
B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them
D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay
B. am; will pay
C. would be; would pay
D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say
B. would speak
C. should say
D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine?
B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful.
D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. know
B. knows
C. known
D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed
B. owned
C. had
D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take
B. took
C. take
D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave
B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left
D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had
B. didn’t have
C. had had
D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t
B. didn’t have had
C. hadn’t had
D. ha dn’t have
38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be
B. to be
C. would be
D. shall be
39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s gone
B. she’ll go
C. she’d gone
D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go
B. shall go
C. will go
D. would go
1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD
11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD
21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD
31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACA
解析：
1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/22218799.html,in是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。
7.could have done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。
9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。
16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。
17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。
24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。
30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。
33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。
34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。
37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。
39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
40.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气 一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句主句 与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) should /would/could/might +动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/should/could/might +have done 与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. 2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果 如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. 3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果 如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. 4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综 时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.(从句---用过去,主句---用现在) 5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式: (1)用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是) 有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。 如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have do ne it. What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?) (2) 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。 如: I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。 6. If虚拟条件句的倒装 省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可 把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Had he taken my advice(If he had taken…), he would have succeeded. 二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示 现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望， 从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中 的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、command、order、suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、request、等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she (should) be operated. 2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. 3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、 不相信、理应如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you can’t swim. 三．虚拟语气在其它场合的运用 1.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 2. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。 这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we should go / went to school. 3. 虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. 4. 在一些习惯表达中如：would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。从句 的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。 如：I’d rather you left right away.
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
情态动词、虚拟语气60题 1. ——Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. —— No, I＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t 2. ——I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins.＿＿＿I have a look? —— Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C.Shall D. Should 3. He seldom listens to others. He＿＿＿＿＿answer for what he has done. A. shall B. will C. can D. would 4. ——May I leave the office before 5 o’clock in the afternoon? ——No, I’m afraid you＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn't D. won’t 5. —— Shall I tell John about it? —— No, you＿＿＿＿. I don’t know his telephone number. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 6. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How＿＿＿it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 7. The traffic light is red, so I＿＿＿＿＿＿stop my car. A. must B. have to C. can D. mustn’t 8. —— What happened to the young trees we planted? —— The trees＿＿＿＿＿＿well, but I didn’t water them. A. might grow B. needn’t have grown C. would grow D. would have grown 9. I was really anxious about you. You＿＿＿home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. Children＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿in public very often. A. should be praised B. shouldn’t have praised C. shouldn’t have be en praised D. shouldn’t be praised 11. Let’s clean the classroom, ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?
虚拟语气练习题 1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5. He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7. I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8. Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10. _____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
英语虚拟语气练习题20篇及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 2．--- If I_______ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. ---If I _______ you, I would give it to charity. A．will have, am B．would have, was C．had, were D．have, is 【答案】C 【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be动词用were。故选C 3．--What would you do if you ____ a million dollars? --I’d give it to the charity A．win B．won C．will win D．is to win 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果你赢了一百万美元，你要做什么？——我会把它捐给慈善机构。结合语境可知条件从句中描述的是与将来相反的事实，故用一般过去时态，选B。 考点：if引导的条件状语从句
虚拟语气 第一部分知识讲解 虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中，虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态形影不离。虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的。 第一节 if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟 If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真实条件句） 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我就去. If she invited me, I should go to the party.(虚拟条件句) (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能) If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.) If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.) (You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.) If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 二、混合虚拟语气(条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.) If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在) If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had practiced speaking English every day, you would speak English well enough. 如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话,你的英语就会说得很好. 三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句(可以改为条件状语从句) Without air, there would be no living things. 相当于:If there were no air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. 相当于:If you had not helped me, I couldn’t have done it. 四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had或should,就可以倒装。将were, had或should放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉。变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装。
虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
备战2019高考英语专题-虚拟语气-巩固提升练习（含解析） 一、单选题 1.Previously we wish some of the things ________ effortless, but we now find them unattainable. A.was B.had been C.were D.has been 2.The workers insisted that they ______ a free lunch every noon, and the boss had to give in. A.are given B.being given C.will be given D.be given 3.We got up early for fear that we ______ miss the early bus. A.could B.should C.will D.can 4.Thank you for your timely help; otherwise we in great trouble now. A.must have been B.would have been C.would be D.must be 5.I wish I at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. A.would have been B.would be C.were D.had been 6.Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam____ at the age of six months old. A.was B.be C.were D.is 7.Mr. White ___________ at 8:30 am for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A.ought to arrive B.should arrive C.should have arrived D.was supposed to arrived 8.I requested that you ________ the task on time. A.finished B.finish C.could finish D.would finish 9.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A.were B.had been C.should be D.was 10.My cousin insisted that she ______ to Australia for further study. But the company refused her application. A.sends B.will be sent C.be sent D.would be sent 11.—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time. —Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier. https://www.doczj.com/doc/22218799.html,municate B.had communicated https://www.doczj.com/doc/22218799.html,municated D.would communicate 12.I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. A.studied B.had studied C.have studied D.will study 13.After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise ________. A.had been overlooked B.were overlooked C.would have been overlooked D.would be overlooked 14.The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day. A.search B.would be searched C.be searched D.must be searched 15.He remembers everything of his childhood as if it ______ just now. A.was happening B.happens C.happened D.has happened 16.It is the first time he ________ here and now it is high time that he ________ around. https://www.doczj.com/doc/22218799.html,e; should be shown B.has come; was shown
虚拟语气专练 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him. https://www.doczj.com/doc/22218799.html,e would meet B. had come would have met C. come will meet D. had come would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feel A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._____ the fog we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 11.If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15.If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.