练习4:虚拟语气强化练习题
Part I.Multiple Choice
1.______go downt own this afternoon,please post the letter for me.
A.Had you
B.Were you t o
C.If you did
D.Shall you
句意:如果你下午要去市中心,请帮我寄一下这封信。
解析:这是省略了if的条件句,完整的从句为If you were to go downtown this afternoon,从句是针对将来的虚拟语气,用于表示礼貌客气的态度。
2.You didn’t let me drive.If we______in turn,you______so tired.
A.drove,didn’t get
B.were driving,wouldn’t get
C.drove,wouldn’t get
D.had driven,wouldn’t have got
句意:你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开车,你就不会这么累了。
解析:这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设,开车是过去的事情了,因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟,主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。
3.If it______for the snow,we_______the mountain yesterday.
A.were not,could have climbed
B.were not,could climb
C.hadn’t been,could have climbed
D.hadn’t been,could climb
句意:如果不是因为那场雪,我们昨天本可以爬山的。
解析:这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设,下雪及爬山说的都是之前的事情,因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟,主句中用could+have done的形式表示虚拟。注意:此句中涉及一个it的句型。It is for…一般用于引起原因,If it isn’t for…,意为“要不是因为……”。此句中用了该句型的虚拟语气形式。
4.The new airport_______if they had not stopped working on it.
A.would complete
B.had been completed
C.had completed
D.would have been completed
句意:如果他们没有停止建设,新机场早就建成了。
解析:这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设,因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟,主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。新机场是被建成,这里有一个完成加被动。
5.If he_______his do ctor’s advice,he________alive.
A.had taken,might still have been
B.had taken;might still be
C.might have taken;had still been
D.took;might still be
句意:如果他听了医生的建议,他现在可能还活着。
解析:这是错综时间条件句,从句说的是过去听医生的建议,主句说的是现在的情况。因此从句中用过去完成时表示对过去事情的假设,主句中用“情态助动词might+动词原形”的形式表示对现在情况的假设。
6.If you______in good health,I_______you go on a trip yesterday.
A.were;would have let
B.had been;would have let
C.had been;had let
D.were;had let
句意:如果你是健康的,昨天我就会让你去旅行了。
解析:这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设,健康状态及旅行说的都是昨天的事,因此从句中用过去完成时表示假设,主句中用would+have done的形式表示假设。
7.I lost your address,otherwise(or)I_________you long before.
A.had visited
B.have visited
C.would have visited
D.should visit
句意:我弄丢了你的地址,否则我早就去看你了。
解析:otherwise后面的句子是针对已经发生了的事情的假设。因此用would+have done的形式表示本想做但是没有做。
8.The guar d at the g a t e insisted that everybody_______the rules.
A.obeys
B.obey
C.will obey
D.would obey
句意:门口的保安坚持要求每个人都遵守规则。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。insist在句中意为“坚持要求”,其后的that从句中用动词原形,表示这是主观意愿。
9.The boss insisted that John________unfit for his work.
A.was
B.is
C.should be
D.were
句意:老板坚持认为John不称职。
解析:该句中没有虚拟语气,是直陈句,从句时态与主句时态应一致,都为一般过去时。句中的insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”,是坚持自己的看法,而不是坚持要求别人要做什么的意思,因此表达的不是主观意愿,不用虚拟语气。
10.The officer commanded(ordered)the damaged bridge____before dawn.
A.must be repaired
B.would be repaired
C.be repaired
D.should have been repaired
句意:长官命令在天亮前修好损毁的桥梁。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。Command/or der后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
11.He suggest ed(advised,proposed)that the wounded_______to the hospital as
soon as possible.
A.had been sent
B.should have been sent
C.would be sent
D.(should)be sent
句意:他建议尽快把伤员送到医院。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。Suggest/advise/pr opose后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
12.He came home with a smile on his face,which suggested that he__work.
A.should find
B.had lost
C.should have found
D.had found
句意:他回家时面带微笑,这意味着他找到了工作。
解析:该句中没有虚拟语气,从句的时态与整个句子的时态保持一致。句子是一般过去时,而找到工作是在回家之前发生的,所以要用过去完成时。该句中的suggest意为“表明、意味着、暗示”,不表示“建议”,因此不用虚拟语气。
13.Most of the me mbe rs demanded(requested,required,asked)that the meeting
________till after Friday.
A.shouldn’t put off
B.no t be pu t off
C.wouldn’t be put off
D.no t pu t off 句意:大部分成员要求会议不要推迟到周五以后。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。D e ma nd等词后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。这里相当于是should no t be pu t off,省略了should。
14.I wish I________how t o translate this sentence.
A.knew
B.know
C.have known
D.should know
句意:我希望我知道如何翻译这个句子。
解析:这是表达非现实的愿望。Wish后的that从句中,如果是针对现在的时间而言,那么动词用过去时表示非现实的愿望。
15.–Has F angfang been t o New Y ork?–No,bu t she wishes she_____.
A.would
B.will next time
C.had
D.had next time
句意:芳芳去过纽约吗?——没有,但是她希望她去过。
解析:这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。Wish后的that从句中,如果是针对已经发生的事情而言,那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望。该句是一个省略句,完整的句子为No,bu t she wishes she had been to New York。由于是对问题的回答,所以省略了问题中的相同成分,只保留了助动词had。
16.I wish I_______the TV pr ogram last night.
A.could watch
B.have watched
C.watched
D.could have watched
句意:我希望我昨晚看了那个电视节目。
解析:这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。Wish后的that从句中,如果是针对已经发生的事情而言,那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望,如果重点要表达遗憾情绪,也可以用“情态助动词+have done”的形式。
17.The two strangers talked as if they______fiends for years.
A.should be
B.would be
C.have been
D.had been
句意:那两个陌生人聊起天来就好像他们是多年的朋友一样。
解析:这是与过去事实不一致的比拟。as if从句中用过去完成时表达与过去事实不一致的比拟。
18.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if(though)it_______.
A.breaks
B.has brok en
C.were broken
D.has been brok en
句意:当一支铅笔一部分置于水杯中时,看起来就好像被折断了一样。
解析:这是与一般现实不一致的比拟。as if从句中用过去时表达与一般事实不一致的比拟,be动词用were。
19.Look at the clouds,it looks as if it_______rain.
A.will
B.would
C.were
D.is going to
句意:看那些云,看起来好像就要下雨了。
解析:这是接近于事实的比拟,不适用虚拟语气。根据语境判断,下雨是很可能就要发生的事情,所以不适用虚拟语气。
20._______he were trying to teach them all he knew.
A.It seemed that
B.They had hoped
C.It seemed as if
D.They thou gh t
句意:看起来好像他要把他所知道的都教给他们。
解析:根据后半句中的were得知,该句中有虚拟语气,并且是针对当前事实的非现实的比拟,因此需要选择一个能使用虚拟语气的结构。所给选项中只有as if 从句需要使用虚拟语气,其他结构不使用虚拟语气。
21.The doctor u r ged that she_________an operation as early as possible.
A.had
B.has
C.have
D.would have
句意:医生催促她尽早做手术。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。ur ge后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。
22.Without your encouragement and support,we________________.
A.should no t succeed
B.would n ot succeed
s C. would have succeeded D. would no t have succeeded
句意:如果没有你的鼓励和支持,我们不可能取得成功。
解析:这是转化了的虚拟条件句,把 if 条件句转化为 without 介词短语,表达的 仍然是一个假设的条件,因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。此处,取得成功是已经发 生的事,针对过去的事,使用“情态助动词+have done ”的结构表达假设。
23. I think it ’high time the children __________ to school.
A. go
B. are going
C. will go
D. went
句意:我想该是孩子们上学的时候了。
解析:这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。句型 it is (high) time that …从句中要用动 词过去式表达主观意愿,有时也可以用“should+动词原形”,但是 should 不能 省略。
24. Given mo r e time and money , he ____________better than what it is.
A. did
B. had done
C. could have done
D. would do
句意:如果有更多的时间和钱,他本可以做得比现在更好。
解析:这是转化了的虚拟条件句,把 if 条件句转化为 given 引起的短语,表达的 仍然是一个假设的条件,因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。此处他做事情是已经发生 的事,针对过去的事,使用“情态助动词+have done ”的结构表达假设。
25. The s ame thing, happening in war time, ___________ great disaster .
A. will amount to
B. a mounts to
C. would have amounted to
D. would amount to
句意:同样的事,如果发生在战争时期,将会构成巨大的灾难。
解析:这是转化了的虚拟条件句,把 if 条件句转化为 happening in war time 分词 短语,表达的仍然是一个假设的条件,因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。此处,是针 对一般情况的假设,因此使用针对现在时间的虚拟语气,句中用“情态助动词+ 动词原形”表达假设。
注意:该句中,amount to sth.是重点动词短语,意为“相当于、等同于、构成”。
Part II. Error Analysis
1. Y our director would have been inclined t o favor your r equest if you would have
waited for another occasion when he was less busy with other mo r e important matters.
修改:would have waited →had waited
句意:如果你能等到主管处理不太重要事情的、不太忙的其他时候,他是有可能 愿意接受你的请求的。
解析:根据语境及句中时态判断,找主管提出请求这件事已经发生了,针对过去 事情的假设,从句中应该使用过去完成时。
2. He suggest ed that the method is popularized at once.
修改:is popularized →be popularized
句意:他建议该方法马上普及。
解析:suggest 后的 that 从句中用动词原形表达主观意愿。
3. It is important that every citizen who expects t o cast his vote takes the time to evaluate the issues openly .
修改:takes →take
句意:重要的是,每个想要投选票的公民要花点时间公开评估这些问题。
解析:It is important that…句型中,用动词原形表达主观意愿。此处that从句中包含一个定语从句who expects t o cast his vote,that从句的主语为every citizen,谓语动词为take,只在谓语动词上使用主观意愿的虚拟语气,其他动词不涉及。
4.The traffic was very heavy,otherwise I would be here50minutes sooner.
修改:would be→would have been
句意:当时交通很拥挤,否则我能早到50分钟。
解析:该句是针对已经发生事情的假设,句中要使用“情态助动词+have done”的结构。
5.Were it n o t for friction,we were no t able to walk on this earth of ours.
修改:were not able to→would no t be able t o
句意:要不是因为有摩擦力,我们不可能在我们的地球上步行。
解析:该句为省略了if的条件句,完整的从句应为If it were no t for friction。该句是针对一般现实进行的假设,因此要使用针对现在时间的虚拟语气,从句中用一般过去时,主句中使用“情态助动词+动词原形”。
Part III.T ranslation
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.The general ma nag er insisted that the project be carried o u t as planned. He would no t resign even if the heaven should collapse.
A mo r e responsible person would no t have left th e work half done.
It is necessary that immediate effort(should)be made.
Now it is time that you made some sentences by using this pattern.