---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语选修6知识点总结汇总修选修 6 Unit 1 Art 1. faith n. 信任；信念；信心常
用结构 break one s faith with sb. 对某人不守信用 keep faith with sb. 守信于某人 lose faith in 不再信任 have faith in 相信; 信任 in good/bad faith 真心诚意/ 虚情假意 2. aim n. 目标；目的 vi.vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 What is your aim in life?你生活的目标是什么? 常用结构：
take aim (at) 瞄准 aim at 向瞄准；旨在，针对 aim high 胸
怀大志; 心气很高 3. consequently v.conj. 所以，因而(=therefore) 联想拓展consequent on/upon 因引起的；consequence n. 后果；结果；重要性 be of consequence 重要
的 as a consequence=as a result 结果 in consequence 由于
as a consequence of=as a result of 作为的结果 in consequence of 由于；作为的结果 4. possession （尤作复数）所有；财产
常用结构：
in possession of sth. 拥有/ 占有某物 in the possession of/in one s possession 被拥有 take/gain/get/have possession of sth. 拥有某物 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 5. concentrate vt. 集中, 浓缩常用结构：
concentrate on/upon 集中在；专心于 concentrate one s attention/mind on 注意力集中在 focus on 集中( 注意力, 关
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心) 于 fix ones attention/eyes/mind on 集中精力/ 目光/ 心思在 The children fixed their eyes on the teacher in class.孩子们聚精会神地听老师讲课。
6. attempt vt. 尝试；企图 n. 努力；尝试；企图常用结构： attempt to do/doing=try to do/doing=make an attempt to do/doing 尝试做 at one s first attempt 某人第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an attempt on sb. s life 企图谋杀某人attempt at/on sth. 试图做某事易混辨析attempt/try/manage attempt 为正式用语，常指一次的而不是连续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的，常包含冒险的意义。
try 为一般用语，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；后接不定式时表示试图做某事；后接动名词时表示试着做某事。
manage 表示成功地做成某事，强调结果。
7. score n. 二十；划痕，刻线；欠帐；得分，成绩；评分；乐谱 v. 划线，做记号；记分，得分；谱曲 Yao Ming scored again in the second half. 姚明在下半场时再次得分。
常用结构: three score (of) people 60 人人 make a good score 得分多; 成绩好 in scores 很多的，大批的 score out 划掉，删去联想拓展 scoreboard n. 记分板/牌牌 scorer n. 记分员；得分的运动员 scores of 很多（前面不能加数词) 温馨提示数词+score ，不加 of ；但用用 a score of 。
score 前有数词修饰，而且 score 后所修饰的名词前有 the,
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重点短语 8. a great deal 大量，许多量词短语归类: 修饰可数名词复数的：
many, a good/great many, a great/large(small) number of, hundreds (thousands/millions/billions) of, dozens of, scores of。
修饰不可数名词的：
a great/good deal of, much, much of, a large/great amount of。
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词的：
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, part of, one third of, ...percent of。
温馨提示 a great deal 可在句中作状语，修饰动词或形容词和副词的比较级，此时不加 of 。
deal 用来表示大量，相当多时不用 large 修饰，而习惯用great/good 来修饰。
a great deal of 表示许多时, 只能修饰不可数名词。
Unit 2 Poems 核心单词 1. convey vt. 运送；传达；表达；转让( 财产等) 常用结构：
convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/ 运送某物 convey sth./sb. to someplace 把某物/ 某人送到某地convey one s
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feelings/thanks to sb. 向某人表达某种感情/ 谢意易混辨析convey/transfer/transport convey 基本含义指将物体从一地运送
到另一地，或指语言、信息等的传递。
也可表示财。
产的转让，但该词更强调通过法律手段转让财产或某种所有权。
transfer 主要指工作地点的变换、住所及物体的转移，还可指
旅途中交通工具的变换，如转车、转船等。
也可指把财产转让给他人。
transport 基本含义是运送。
但该词通常局限于用交通工具运输货物和人。
2. transform v. 变成，彻底改变; 转换；转化；改造常用结构：
transform ...into ... 使变成 transform one s life 改
变某人的一生transform to a new place 搬到新地方be transformed from 由变成；由迁到 be transformed from A to B 由由 A 处迁到 B 处 3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的 v. 侵吞；盗用；挪用；拨( 专款等) an appropriate response/measure/method 恰如其分的反应/ 恰当的措施/ 方法
be appropriate to/for 适于；合乎 It is appropriate that ... ( 从句中用可以省略 should 的虚拟语气形式） appropriately adv. 适当地 4. load n. 负荷物（尤指沉重的）, 载重物；压力，负担，
工作量 v. 装载；给负荷常用结构：
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a load of= loads of =plenty of 大量，许多 take a load off one s mind 打消某人的顾虑 a heavy load for 对某人是一
件重负 load (up) ...with ... 用装 load ...onto/into ... 把装到上去 load off one s mind 去除某人的精神负担温馨提
示 load 为及物动词，后面必须接宾语，否则要用被动语态。
：
常见结构为：
load (up) A with B 或 load (up) B onto (into) A：；被动形式：
A is loaded (up) with
B 或或 B is loaded (up) onto A 。
5. exchange n. 交换；交流；互换 vt. vi. 调换；交换常用
结构：
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物 in exchange for 交换 exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物 exchange looks 交换眼色 exchange information 交流信息 exchange greetings 互相问候; 打招呼 exchange words 相互交谈 6. take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容 Take it easy. Well take care of everything.
放心好了，一切由我们照料。
You should take it easy this weekend.这个周末你应该放松
一下。
Take it easy, and you will make it.别紧张，你会成功的。
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联想拓展 take things easy 别紧张，慢慢来；从容不迫地
进行工作 take one s chance 碰运气 take one s time 不匆忙；
别着急；慢慢来 take sb. Wrong 误解（曲解）某人的意思 take sth. Seriously 认认真地对待某事 7. run out of 用完 We are running out of our money.=Our money is running out. 我们的钱
快花光了。
I run out of breath. 我跑得喘不过气来。
联想拓展 run out of 意为用完了，是及物动词短语，表示主
动意义，主语一般是人。
run out=become used up 意为用完了，是不及物动词短语，其
主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。
其他有关短语：
run short of sth. 缺乏，短缺 run short 不足；短缺 give
out （为不及物动词短语）用尽；分发；宣布；发出；精疲力竭 use
up （为及物动词短语）用完，消耗尽 8. make up of 组成；构成
（常用于被动结构） Girl students make up 40% of the student number. 女学生占学生总数的 40%。
The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.
这支医疗队由 5 名医生，10 名护士组成。
联想拓展 make up 构成，组成；编造；化装 make up for sth. 弥补 be made up of= consist of ... 由构成，组成 be made of 由做成( 看得出原材料的样子) be made from 由做成( 看不出原
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材料的样子) make out 分辨，辨认出 be made in 在( 地方) 做成 be made by 由( 某人) 制造 make towards sth./make ones way to 向移动，朝走去 Ill try to make up for the lost time. 我要尽力弥补失去的时间。
9. let out 发出；放走 let down 放下；使失望；给轮胎放气 let alone 更不用提；更别说 let one s hair down 无拘无束；放松一下 let go 放开; 松手 let it go 算了；放手 let in 让进来；放进来 let off 放（炮）；投放（炸弹）；宽恕 10. stay up 挺住；站立；熬夜；不睡觉联想拓展 stay ahead (of) ( 比) 领先； ( 走在的) 前面 stay away (from) 不在；外出；走开；别接近 stay behind 留下来不走；留在后面 stay out 在外；不在家 stay still 静止不动 Unit 3 A healthy life 1. stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张常用结构：
under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 在的压力下 stress sth.或或 lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物；给某物压力联想拓展 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的高手过招 2. accustom vt. 使习惯于常用结构：
accustom oneself to=be accustomed to ( 其中 to 为介词) 习惯于 These people accustomed themselves to hard work.这些人习惯于艰苦的工作。
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I am not accustomed to being interrupted.我不习惯被别人打扰。
He is accustomed to loneliness.他对孤独已经习以为常。
联想拓展表示习惯于的短语还有：
be/get used to doing adapt oneself to doing adjust oneself to doing 3. quit vt. 停止( 做某事) ；离开常用结构：
quit something 离开quit doing something 停止做某事He got his present job when he quitted the school.他退学后得到现在这份工作。
Quit talking rubbish. 别胡说八道了。
4. ashamed adj. 感到羞耻的；感到惭愧的（常作表语) 常用结构：
be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth./sb./oneself 为做某事/ 某人/ 某人自己而感到惭愧 be ashamed to be/to do sth. 因难为情而不愿意做 be ashamed that ... 为而感到惭愧或羞耻 be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到惭愧 I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed (of myself) now.我昨天表现得不好，现在感到很惭愧。
She was ashamed to ask such a simple question.她不好意思提这么简单的问题。
易混辨析 ashamed/shameful/shameless ashamed 指事情使人感到羞耻，惭愧，难为情等。
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shameful 指事情或行为本身不道德。
shameless 指某人或行为是可耻的。
高手过招 5. effect n. 结果，效力；作用；影响( 后接 on/upon) I tried to persuade him, but with little effect.我尽力劝他，但他根本不听。
An effect presupposes a cause.有果必有因。
常用结构：
put/bring/carry ...into effect 付诸实施 in effect 事实上；实际上 take effect 生效；奏效效 come into effect 开始实施; 开始生效 This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.这对母子俩的将来影响很大。
The medicine began to take effect.药力开始生效了。
6. risk n. 冒险；风险 vt. 冒风险；冒的风险常用结构：
at risk 处于危险之中 at all risks=at any risk 无论冒什么险; 无论如何 at one s own risk 由自己负责, 自担风险 at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的危险 risk one s life 冒生命危险 run/take a risk/risks 冒风险 run the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险 risk doing sth. 冒险做 If you dont obey me, you should be at your own risk.你如果不服从我的话，你应该自担风险。
They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被
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捕的危险。
重点短语 7. due to 由于；因造成；归功于；应给予；应属于 Due to the foggy weather, the traffic moved very slowly.由于有雾，车辆行进缓慢。
Our happy childhood is due to our fathers hard work.我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
The failure is due to his carelessness.失败是由于他的粗心造成的。
联想拓展表示由于的短语还有：
because of 因为, 由于，常用作状语； on account of 比比because of 更正式，多用于书面语中； owing to 构成的短语作状语，既能指积极的原因，也可指消极的原因； thanks to 由于，多亏，常用于书面语，多表示正面的情况，有时也表示反面的情况； as a result of 由于； in/as consequence of 由于的缘故，常用于书面语中； in view of 由于；鉴于（书面语）。
8. be addicted to 对上瘾；入迷；沉溺于( 其中 to 为介词) 常用结构：
be addicted to sth./doing sth.=addict oneself to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于某种嗜好；醉心于某种活动联想拓展addict vt. 使成瘾 addict n. 入迷的人；有瘾的人 addictive adj. 使成瘾的；上瘾的 addiction n. 沉溺；成瘾；上瘾；入迷 9. in spite of 不顾; 不管 I went shopping in spite of the
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ rain.尽管下雨，我还是出去买东西了。
I know whatever you try, youll win in spite of early difficulties 我知道你无论做什么，不管最初多么困难，最终都会
成功的。
In spite of the bad weather, we went fishing. 我们不顾恶
劣的天气仍去钓鱼。
易混辨析 in spite of/despite/though/although 这四个词( 组) 意思相近，但 in spite of/despite 后跟名词或动名词。
而 though/although 是是连词，引导让步状语从句。
10. get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）常用结构：
get into debt 负债累累 get into trouble/deep water 陷入困境 get into the habit of 养成的习惯 Nobody likes to get into trouble. 没有谁愿意惹麻烦。
联想拓展 get along/on (with) 生活；融洽相处；进展；有起
色 get away 逃脱；离开；把送走 get down ( 从) 下来；吞下；写下；使沮丧 get down to 开始认真考虑 get in 进入；
到达；收获；插入；陷入 get off 下来；脱下；出发；开始 get on 上车 get on with sb. 与某人相处 get over 爬过；克服；熬过；恢复 get rid of 摆脱, 除去 get through 到达；做完；通过；渡过；打通 get across 使通过；被理解 Unit 4 Global warming 1. subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. （签
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署）文件；捐助常用结构：
subscribe to ... 同意，赞许；（在文件等下面）签名，署名subscribe sth. to ... 捐助 subscribe to/for ... 订阅；订购( 书籍等) 2. tend vt. vi. （常与 to 连用）有某种倾向；有的趋势；走向；趋向；朝向；照管，照料；看护 Prices are tending upward. 物价在上涨。
The woman stayed at home to tend her child. 那个妇女呆在家里照料她的孩子。
3. oppose vt. 反对；反抗；对抗；（与 to 连用）使反对，使相对as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于易混辨析oppose/object/resist oppose 为常用词，指对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对，强调动作, 尤指反对一种观念、思想、计划等。
object 常指用言论或论据等表示反对, 强调个人嫌厌和由于与个人有关，因此提出反对意见。
resist 指积极地反抗、对抗；用武力阻止的前进。
4. consequence 英英[‘k?? ns?? kw(?? )ns] n. ［C ］结果；后果；影响 Im quite willing to accept the consequences. 我完全愿意承担后果。
You should know the consequence of not studying hard.你应该知道不用功学习的后果。
常用结构：
as a consequence (of ...)=in consequence (of ...)=as a
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ result (of ...) 结果; 因此；由于的原因consequent adj. （+on/upon ）因而起的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 结果；因此；必然地 5. average [‘v(?)r?d?] n. 平均; 平均数 The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. 这个班男生
的平均年龄为十五岁。
It was an average piece of work.那是一件普通的作品。
on average 平均地；通常 above/below average 高于/ 低
于平均数/ 水平 an average of ... 的平均数 up to average 达到平均数 The average of 4 and 8 is 6. 4 和 8 的平均数为 6。
Two students are absent each day on average.平均每天有两
个学生缺席。
6. blame v. 埋怨, 责备 be to blame 应受谴责, 应负责任blame something on sb. 把归咎于 blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 因而责备某人 blameful adj. 该受责备的，有过错的blameless adj. 无可责难的, 无过错的 blameworthy adj. 该受责备的
7. come about 发生；产生于关于 come 的其他短语: come across 偶然发现；被理解；提供 come into being 发生；
产生；出现；形成 come into power 开始执政；当权；当选 come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行 come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在 come into fashion 开始流行 come off （头发、牙齿、纽扣）脱落；离开 come on 上场；开始；赶快；
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加油come out 出来，发芽；出版；说出；洗掉come to know/realize/understand 开始了解到/ 意识到/ 明白 come up
with 找到（答案）；拿出（一笔钱等） 8. quantities of 。
意思是大量的，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
Quantities of apples were on the table.桌子上有很多苹果。
in quantity/in large quantities 大量的in small quantities 少量的易混辨析 a quantity of/quantities of a quantity of 与与 quantities of ，都可译为大量的，都既可修饰
可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，但用法有区别。
a quantity of 的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复
数时谓语动词用复数，跟不而可数名词时谓语动词用单数。
而 quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词
一律用复数。
A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since
the summer came. 入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。
9. result in 导致; 结果是（相当于lead to ）His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心导致事故的发生。
联想拓展 result from 起因于；由造成 as a result 结果；因此 as a result of 作为的结果；因为 10. put up with
忍受；容忍 I dont know how his parents put up with his antics.
我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为的。
antics [‘nt?ks]n. 滑稽动作；古怪姿态 She could hardly put
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up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙了。
put away 放好；收好；储存 put aside 忽视；不理睬 put across 交流，沟通 put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定 put forward 提出；建议；将提前 put in 驶进 put out 熄灭；
扑灭；出版；公布；生产 put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿上；
戴上；上演；增加（体重）put up 提出；举起；升起；提（价）；
投宿；建造 Unit 5 The power of nature 1. appoint vt. 任命；委派 He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为这个城
市的市长。
appoint sb. to a post 派某人担任某职 The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor. 老师任命他为班长。
联想拓展 appointment n. 约会；约定；委任 make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会break one s appointment 违约；失约 keep one s appointment 守约 appointed adj. 约
定的；指定的 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我们
的来宾在约定的时间到达了。
2. evaluate [?’vlj?e?t] vt. 评价；估价；求的值 vi. 评价；
估价evaluation n. 估价；评价；计算accomplishment evaluation 学业成绩评定self evaluation 自我评价educational evaluation 教育评定 evaluation factor 评
价因素evaluation method 评价方法易混辨析
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evaluate/estimate/value 三个词都含有评价，估计的含义。
evaluate 一般不用来表示估价或估计某物的市场价值。
estimate 表示估量，预算，还可以表示评价，看法等。
value 表示为估价格，还可以表示珍视，重视。
3. vary vt. 改变, 变更, 使多样化 vi. 变化, 不同, （彼此）
相异常用结构：
vary in/on 在方面不同 vary from ...to ... 从到不等; 在
到之间变动 vary with/according to 随变化而变化 a variety
of/varieties of=various 多种多样的 The temperature varied
throughout the day.气温一整天都在变化着。
4. guarantee vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押
品常用结构：
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that/sth. ... 保证 guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某物 give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证
5. make ones way to 前往feel one s way 摸索着前行
fight/push one s way 推挤着前行 lose one s way 迷路 force
one s way out 挤出去；冲出去 push one s way in 挤进去 show
sb. the way 为某人指路 get in the way 妨碍 wind one s way
蜿蜒前进 6. burn ...to the ground( 楼房等) 被（全部）烧毁；
全部焚毁 burn away 逐渐烧掉;消消失失 burn down ( 建筑物）
烧毁，火力减弱 burn off 烧掉，蒸发 burn up 烧毁、烧得更
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 旺/ 亮，消耗 burn out 烧坏，烧尽 burn oneself out 筋疲力尽 burn for 渴望 burn in 给留下不可磨灭的印象 7. quite a few 好些；相当多 I have made quite a few friends here.在这里我已经交了好多朋友。
易混辨析 very few/only a few/a few/not a few very few, only a few 都可表示少，几乎没有的意思，但 very few 侧重于几乎没有人或大多数都不这一概念 only a few 侧重于表达在许多之中有几个，不强调大多数不这一概念。
a few 意思是少数几个，一些，表达肯定概念。
Very few people can bear the cold in Antarctica.几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。
[ n’tɑ?kt?k?] 南极洲 Only a few people could see the scene.只有几个人看到了这个景象。
(看到这一景象的人不多。
) A few friends came to see me last week.上星期有几个朋友来看我。
Not a few students are going there.许多学生都要去那里。
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选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的 预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.
外研版高中英语选修六1-6单元知识点归纳 Module 1 【词条1】lack 【点拨】lack动词, 意为"缺乏,没有"。如: He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence. What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】 1. lack的常用短语有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某种品质、特点等)"；lack (for) nothing"应有尽有"。如: Money for the project is still lacking. I think the film is lacking in pace. They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing. 2. lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为"缺乏,没有"。for lack of "因为缺乏……"。如: The work had to be stopped for lack of funds. The flowers withered for lack of water. 【词条2】reply 【点拨】名词,意为"回答,答复",常与介词to 连用。如: Is it a reply to the first or the second letter? To my anger, she made no reply to my question. 其常用在短语in reply to中,意为"作为对……的回答,回复"。如: What did he do in reply to your challenge? 【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为"回答,答复",reply (to ... / that ...) 。如: The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she knew nothing about it. 【词条3】apology 【点拨】apology名词,意为"道歉,歉意",常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如: It’s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology. In my judgment, we should accept their apology. You’d better make an apology for your absence. 【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为"道歉,表示歉意",常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如: I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day. I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did. 经典短语透视 【短语1】think of 【点拨】think of可意为"想起,想出"。如: The photo made me think of my child-hood. It was Tom who thought of the good plan.
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
Review of Book 6 高二英语选修6 重要知识点复习 I.Let?s review the phrases of book6. 从方框里选择短语并用正确的形式填空，每个短语只能够用一次（其中有多余的选项） burn to the ground, put up with, on the whole, result in , so long as, come about, in the distance, build up, focus on , scores of, a great deal of, manage to , be made up o f, translate …into, take it easy,, in spite of, in sorrow, take possession of, due to, decide on , be addicted to, get into, in the flesh, run out of, stand for, feel like, be accustomed to, convince…of, pay attention to, in the darkness, take a risk 1 the restaurant?s success was___ its new manage. 2 Could you tell me how many departments this university ____? 3 The man often returns from work very late and gets through the woods ___ by himself. 4The king tried to______ his men ____ his power by leading the great army. 5At the discussion, the farmers? argument____ whether their farmlands should be covered by the factory. 6Once you ___ surfing on the Internet, you will find it rather hard to give it up. 7Though humans have discovered____ oil and coal, they mustn?t waste energy like that. 8You can not legally____ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. 9In mathematics, the letter “X” usually ______ an unknown figure. 10Hearing the sad news that the famous actor died of cancer, all his fans were deeply ______. 11“_______, young man” , the doctor said to Bill. “Let me examine you carefully. 12______ so many difficulties , we?ll do whatever we can to finish the task. 13It was so dry and hot in the desert and the travelers ______ the water they had. 14Without any guide leading them in the forest, the explorers soon____ trouble. 15I?m very hungry now and I _____ eating some food or fruit as soon as possible. 16Those young people would like to _____ so that they could find out whether there is a huge snake in the cave. 17Last week, we saw the man_______ who was said to have died in an accident and we know the news was not true. 18After a long heated discussion, the manager finally_______ taking the measures to encourage their stuff. 19A large number of young people who________ the comfortable life in the city would rather not return to the countryside. 20The popularity of private cars will_____ more serious air pollution and more traffic accidents. 21However, ________, I think I have been fortunate. 22With the Internet bridging people all over the world, great changes have________. 23A balanced diet and enough exercise can certainly_________ your health. 24The pay you get is so low in the company while your work is so hard-----how can you _________it? 25One can achieve his goal sooner or later_______ he is able to face the future with confidence and work hard at it. II.Words spelling. 单词拼写A： 1.They had to c______ tomorrow?s football match because of the bad weather. 2.He studied the German market to find the _______( 可能性) there for investment. 3.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________( 不幸地), neither of them could swim. 4.The car club couldn?t ________（保证）to meet the demands of all its members. 5.Miss Lin made a very _________(印象深刻的) speech at the meeting. 6.American culture is u______ because it was formed and developed under special conditions. 7.The lecture was so long and dull that most audiences got b______ with it. 8._______(发抖) with fear, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 单词拼写B 1.The word “ honesty” is an a______ （抽象）noun. 2.There are many art g_____ （画廊）in New York. 3.I?m afraid I?ve never been much of a s______ (学者) 4.They are to put on an ______ (展览) of French paintings next week. 5.The prisoners a______ (尝试) to escape, but failed. 单词拼写C： 1．Some___________ (青少年) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 2．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _______(最后)work the Times. 3．The doors opened _______（自动地）as we approached. 4．He played the piano for a bit of __________ （放松） 5．It?s ________（不合法的）to park your car here. 6．He put forward a plan for improving the rate of_______（生产）。 7．So I did wrong thing! Well, nobody?s_______（完美的）。 8．A woman is ________（怀孕的）for nine months before a child is born. 9．In fact,_______（压力）isn?t so bad a thing as it is often supposed to be. 10.The man made a________（陈述）to the police. 单词填空D 1．T he __________(平均数)of 3,6 and 9 is 6 2．G as and coal are __________(燃料)。 3．W e had very little d_________(资料)on that subject.
选修六知识点归纳总结 ▲环境问题的表现：资源短缺，环境污染，生态破坏，全球环境变化 ▲环境问题产生的原因：（1）自然原因自然原因引起的环境问题，主要指火山爆发，地震，山崩，泥石流，台风，海啸，寒潮，水旱等自然界固有的自然灾害 （2）人为原因 1.资源的有限性与人类需求的无限性的矛盾（根本性的原因）2．短期经济利益与长远环境效益的矛盾3．局部利益与整体利益的矛盾4．个人行为和大众利益的矛盾 解决当代环境问题的关键是在尽可能短的时期内，控制世界人口的增长，使世界人口稳定在适度的规模 当代环境问题的特点： 1、危害的不可预见性 2、过程的不可逆性 3、规模的全球性 两种不同的环境观: 传统的环境观：人地关系：人地对立，基本观点：征服自然。后果：资源枯竭和环境破坏 新的环境观：天人合一，人地归一，保持平衡与协调。良性方向发展 可持续发展的概念和内涵 （1）概念可持续发展就是既满足当代人的需求，又不对后代人满足其自身需求能力构成危害的发展。它是一个涉及经济、社会、文化技术和自然环境的综合概念。 （2）基本思想①鼓励经济增长；②要保证资源的可持续利用和良好的生态环境；③谋求社会的全面进步。 （3）中国的可持续发展——《中国21世纪议程》 ▲水体富营养化:水体富营养化发生在淡水水体，称为“水华”；发生在海洋，称为“赤潮” 1、形成条件：较为封闭的海湾、湖泊等水体中，由于水体的流动性差，自净能力弱 河道中不的净化作用见课本 2、污染物：氮磷等植物营养元素 3、污染源：工业废水、生活污水、农业废水 4、危害——①水生植物和鱼类死亡②水质变坏③湖泊变沼泽 5、湖泊沼泽化本身是一种自然现象，进程缓慢。人类活动（水体富营养化与围湖造田）加快了这一进程 海洋石油污染 1、污染源：近海石油的开采、加工和运输，海上油轮泄漏 2、污染物：石油 3、危害： 直接危害：油污染能直接导致海鸟、海兽的毛、皮丧失防水和保温性能，或因堵塞呼吸和感觉器官而大量死亡。油膜和油块能粘住大量的鱼卵和幼鱼，并阻碍海藻的光合作用，底栖动物则还要受沉降到海底的石油的影响。 间接危害：石油在氧化分解过程中，因大量消耗水中的溶解氧，也会间接地对生物造成危害 4、常发区域：世界的主要港湾、主要航线附近、海上油井周围 5、怎样清除石油 ①分散：喷洒强效洗涤剂，不宜在近岸或渔场使用 ②沉降：撒粉状石灰，危害海底生物 ③吸收：利用麦秆等吸收石油，静水环境 ④围栏：小面积油污，静水环境 ⑤放任：任其自然分解 ⑥燃烧：油层达2mm，造成大气污染▲水污染的危害：①危害人体健康②降低农作物的产量和质量③影响渔业生产的产量和质量④制约工业的发展⑤加速生态环境的退化和破坏⑥造成经济损失 水污染的防治措施 （1）工业水污染防治对策 1.宏观性控制对策:优化产业结构与工业结构 2.技术性控制对策。如积极推行清洁生产，提高工业用水重复利用率，实行污染物排放总量控制 制度，促进工业废水与城市生活污水的集中 3.管理性控制对策，如完善法律法规，加大执法力度，健全环境监测网络 （2）城市水污染防治对策 1. 将水污染防治纳入城市的总体规划 2.城市废水的防治的防治应遵循集中与分散相结合的原则 3.在缺水地区应积极将城市水污染的防治与城市废水资源化相结合 4.加强城市地表和地下水源的保护 5.大力开发低耗高效废水处理与回用技术 （三）农村水污染防治对策 1.发展节水型农业 2.合理利用化肥和农药 3.加强对畜禽排泄物，乡镇企业废水及村镇生活污水的有效处理 固体废弃物（通常称为垃圾）是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质 城市垃圾的特点 1、数量大 2、品种多 3、变化大 当代垃圾产生的环境问题 1、自然环境对固体废弃物具有一定的自净能力，例如沙土掩埋、微生物分解等，使垃圾回归土壤 2、传统方式：用垃圾和粪便堆肥，使有机质回归土壤，不会造成环境污染 注意：上述两种方式，不能处理所有的固体废弃物。 3、固体废弃物的危害： ①污染大气②污染水体③污染土壤④占用耕地⑤影响环境卫生⑥危害人体健康 固体废弃物污染防治与综合利用 （一）固体废物减量化 1.对城市固体废物：逐步改变燃料结构，净菜进城、减少垃圾生产量，加强产品的生态设计，推行垃圾分类收集，搞好产品的回收、利用的再循环 2、对工业固体废物：淘汰落后生产工艺，推广清洁生产工艺，发展物质循环利用工艺 （二）固体废物资源化与综合利用 1.物质回收利用，如从废弃物中回收提取有用成分，如纸，重金属等 2.物质转换利用，如废渣生产建筑材料、水泥，进行堆肥，产生农肥，取代某种工业原料等 3.能量转换利用，如能有机废物的焚烧处理回收热量、发电，利用垃圾厌氧消化产生沼气 （三）固体废物的无害化处理处置 影响大气污染扩散和自净的因素： ⑴污染物排放量大小：若排放量小，则易扩散 ⑵气象条件：风速、风向、气温、湿度、云况、辐射等 凡是有利于增大风速、增强湍流的气象条件，都有利于污染物的扩散； 出现逆温天气，大气层异常稳定时，不利于大气污染物的扩散 ⑶地形：盆地、河谷地形，不利于污染物扩散
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 2.faith n. 信任,信仰keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the