课时作业(六)Using Language Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is ________(违法的)to drive after drinking.
2．Some women are too ________(尴尬的)to consult their doctor about the problem.
3．Some strange customs have ________(幸存)from earlier times.
4．He achieved his aim more by luck than ________(判断)．
5．Their decision was based on ignorance and ________(偏见)．
6．The young lady ________(感染)the children with her enthusiasm for music.
7．The child is still ________(笨拙的)with his chopsticks.
8．He ________(冒险)his life to save his daughter from the fire.
9．Do not share ________(针头)with other people.
10．Take the ________(药丸)three times a day.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2013·商丘高二检测)I felt________when I dropped the Tang Dynasty vase.
A．embarrassed and awkward
B．happy and satisfied
C．glad and angry
D．pleased and sad
2．The weather was________cold that I didn't like to leave my room.
A．really B．．such
C．too D．so
3．After the earthquake，the soldiers________of being injured by the falling stones to save the villagers.
A．tried out B．decided on
C．felt like D．took the risk
4．Though he is only 15 years old，he has ________ the habit of smoking.
A．due to B．decided on
C．accustomed to D．got into
5．—How about your trip to Italy?
—Oh，________ the fine weather，we enjoyed ourselves indeed.
A．in regard to B．thanks to
C．in spite of D．regardless of
6．A lot of small companies are having to fight for________in such economic climate.
A．survival B．survivor
C．survive D．exist
7．(2013·贵阳高二月考)It is________to read people's private letters without permission.
A．illegal B．improper
C．impossible D．illogical
8．________she is not so cheerful________she used to be?
A．How is it that；as B．Why is it that；what
C．Is it why；that D．How it is that；as
9．I can't advise you what to do.You must use your own________．
A．opinion B．guesswork
C．justice D．judgement
10．The interviewers have a(n)________against applicants with lower educational level.
A．resistance B．boycott
C．prejudice D．objection
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2013·安徽高考)The Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.
1．How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
●Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
●Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a
battery－operated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes，at least twice a day.
2．How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
●Finding: Seniors，on average，bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.
●Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌) to enter our mouth，nose，and https://www.doczj.com/doc/2c9595503.html,e toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And，most important，wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3．How often do you think about fighting germs?
●Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
●Step：Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs，keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
1．What is found out about American seniors?
A．Most of them have good habits.
B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.
C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.
D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.
2．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________．
A．twice a day B．three times a day
C．four times a day D．eight times a day
3．Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
4．The text probably comes from ________．
A．a guide book B．a popular magazine
C．a book review D．an official document
B
It is well known that the Japanese people's love of fish is almost as strong as a bee's interest in honey.As fish populations were decreasing，fishing companies were forced to fish further and further away from the shore.Then they had a big challenge —how to keep the fish fresh for longer.So they decided to keep the fish stored in freezers on the boats.But the public did not like frozen fish.So again the fishing companies had a new bigger challenge.What they decided to do was have fish tanks on their boats.After catching fishes，they would put them in the tanks and keep them living there until they got back to shore.But in this protected environment，lacking predators(掠食者)，the fish stopped moving around.The Japanese public felt these dull fish did not taste fresh，which had an unpleasant effect upon sales.Once again the fishing companies had an even bigger challenge...
Stop for a minute！Before we go any further，I would like to ask “What are your challenges？How do you handle an unexpected challenge？”May I think it this way that you should try to attack your challenges？Conquer them with a Swiss Army knife.Take the most proper and simple tool that you can adopt to deal with your situation.
Now back to our story.How did the Japanese finally figure out the fresh fish problem？Sharks！You might think the same.Sharks were caught and put into the tanks with other fishes.Don't sharks eat fish？Well，they do eat a few fish，but they did also keep more fish active and alert(警觉的)．The fish stay fresh because they are challenged.
Now，try_to_keep_yourself_fresh_by_finding_your_own_shark_to_offer_yourself_a_challe nge_in_your_own_business_and_career.
5．The main reason for the fishing companies to fish in the far sea is that________．
A．the fish resource near the shore was decreasing
B．the fishes farther away from the sea tasted fresher
C．people would prefer eating fresh fishes to less fresh ones
D．it was getting harder and harder to keep fishes
fresh
6．Which was the BEST way for the fishing companies to keep fishes fresh?
A．Getting the fishes frozen.
B．Storing the fishes with salt.
C．Putting the fishes in tanks.
D．Keeping the fishes with sharks.
7．The relationship between fishes and sharks is similar to that between________in nature.
A．dogs and cats
B．monkeys and mosquitoes
C．wolves and antelopes
D．tigers and lions
8．The underlined part of the last paragraph means
“________”．
A．If you went fishing，you might do as the fishing companies did
B．Try to find a big shark，and you will meet your
challenge
C．To succeed in life，you should always be ready to meet challenges
D．Sharks are usually compared to the challenges in people's life
9．The purpose for the author to write the passage is to________．
A．tell the readers how the Japanese fishing companies work
B．tell the readers how the Japanese keep the fishes fresh
C．suggest readers looking for challenges to make
progress
D．suggest readers finding a shark to keep the fishes fresh
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．我们习惯于早起做早操了。(accustom)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
2．我们正试图确定最新一轮谈判的地点。(decide)
_________________________________________________________________
_______
3．这种药对整个身体有影响。(effect)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
4．上周日他是在公园里捡到这个钱包的。(it引导的强调句)
_________________________________________________________________ _______
5．她英语说得非常完美以至于人们认为她是一个英国本地人。(so...that) _________________________________________________________________ _______
课时作业(六)
Ⅰ.1.illegal 2.embarrassed 3.survived 4.judgement 5.prejudice 6.infected7.awkward
8．risked9.needles10.pill
Ⅱ.1.A句意：当我把唐代花瓶掉在地上的时候，我感到……。因此我的感觉不可能是高兴，由此可排除B、C、D三项，“我”的感觉应是“窘迫和不安”。
2．D句意：天太冷了以至于我都不想离开我的房间。本题考查的是由so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以至于……”。具体结构为：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；such＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。
3．D考查短语辨析。try out试用，选拔；decide on对……作出决定；feel like愿意；take the risk of冒险。句意：地震后，战士们冒着被落石砸伤的危险，救护村民。
4．D句意：虽然他才15岁，却已经染上了吸烟的习惯。get into the habit of...染上……的习惯。
5．B句意：——你的意大利之行怎么样？——哦，多亏了天气好，我们玩得很高兴。thanks to多亏，由于，符合语境。in regard to关于，至于；in spite of不顾，不管，尽管；regardless of不顾，不考虑。
6．A考查词语辨析。fight for survival为生存而奋斗。句意：在这种经济环境下很多小公司不得不艰难度日。
7．A illegal违法的；improper不合适的；impossible不可能的；illogical 不合逻辑的。句意：未经允许看别人的信件是不合法的。
8．A强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他部分？B
项中的what不能和前面的so构成同级比较，因此A项正确。
9．D句意：我无法教你怎么做，你必须利用你自己的判断力。judgement 判断，符合句意。guesswork猜测；justice正义，公正。
10．C prejudice against对……持有偏见。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文为一篇信息材料类说明文。文章介绍的是一个对美国老年人进行的健康习惯的调查结果以及专家给出的对策。
1．D细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，美国老年人多数没有好的习惯，故A项错误。30%是每天洗4次手人数的比例，而不是每周洗澡三天人数的比例，故B项错误。根据第三个问题下Finding的内容“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知C项错误。根据第一个问题下Finding的内容“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知D项正确。
2．D推理判断题。根据wash their hands可锁定第二个问题下的内容，根据“And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，每天洗手四次只是医生建议的一半，由此可推知，医生建议的次数是每天8次。故选D项。
3．C细节理解题。文章只是建议老年人要勤洗手，因为手每天接触脸约三千次，然后接触口、鼻、眼睛，这样就会将细菌带到这些部位，显然，问题的症结是避免未洗净的手接触口、鼻、眼睛等易被细菌感染的部位，而不是脸部，故A项不正确；B项中的less than 300与第一个问题下“Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth...”有出入，故B项不正确；根据第二个问题下的“Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.”可知，问题在于门把手上有大量细菌，会传到手上，而不是手上的细菌传到门把手上，故D项也不合适。根据最后一段
中的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else？”可知C项正确。
4．B推理判断题。本题要求判断文章的出处，此类试题一般结合文章的内容和格式综合考虑。本文显然不是书评(a book review)，也不是官方文件(an official document)。A项有较强的干扰性，但本文主要是面向公众的科学知识普及，而不是生活指引。故选B项。
5．A细节理解题。由第一段中的“As fish populations were decreasing，fishing companies were forced to fish further and further away from the shore.”可知选A。
6．D细节理解题。由第三段可知答案。
7．C推理判断题。鲨鱼和鱼的关系是存亡关系，通过鲨鱼激发鱼类为了生存要不断抗争的活力，同样狼和藏羚羊也是这样，藏羚羊不抗争就会被狼吃掉。
8．C推理判断题。同样的道理适合于人类，要想成功就得不断地接受生活的挑战。
9．C写作意图题。最后一段说明，人也要不断寻找挑战来使自己取得进步。
Ⅳ.1.We are accustomed to getting up early to do morning exercises. 2.We are trying to decide on the venue of the latest round of talks. 3.This drug has an effect on the whole system. 4.It was in the park that he picked up the wallet last Sunday.
5.She speaks English so perfectly that people think she is a native of England.
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji Unit 3 A healthy life 课时作业(五)Warming Up & Reading Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．More and more people cannot bear the ________(压力)of modern life. 2．After the accident，he was ________(禁止)from driving alone. 3．He ________(停止)smoking，and talked something to the person next to him. 4．This heating system has an ________(自动的)temperature control. 5．I am ________(使习惯于)to taking a walk after supper. 6．He has been brought in to ________(加强)the defence. 7．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is ________(异常的)． 8．As for you，you ought to be ________(惭愧的)of yourself. 9．They think this is an ________(滥用)of power. 10．In the long run，working regularly has a good ________(效力)on our health. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(2013·芜湖高二月考)Children at the beginning of last century were________to the life without television. A．disappointed B．accustomed C．puzzled D．harmful 2．(2013·烟台高二月考)I found her nice and honest________I saw her. A．for the first time B．the first time C．on the first time D．at first 3．________ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. A．When B．After C．As D．Since
参评学科：高中英语 高中英语选修课程的建设 摘要 选修课程是高中英语课程建设中的一项重要方式。当前，我国很多高中没有构建相应的平台去开发，实施和管理选修课程，由于英语教师没有开设选修课程的能力，很多学生根本没有真正选择课程的机会。如今英语选修课程都有必修化、应试化、活动化和重负化的特征。为了互补必修课程和选修课程的优势，老师们应该积极地探索选修课程开发本土化、内容优质化和教学多元化，从而充分发挥选修课的潜在功能。 关键词：高中英语；选修课程；建设
一、高中英语选修课程建设中存在的弊端 （一）选修课程的必修趋势 在现代的英语教育中，必修课程和选修课程要相互结合。而普通高中的选修课程大致分为“选修I”（重要选修课程）和“选修II”（随意选修课程）两种。重要选修课程是当地政府为发展学生除书本之外的知识而设立的，而随意选修课程是学校设立的[1]。开设选修课程的最初目标是使潜力和兴趣各不相同的学生都能够实现自身能力的发展。然而，很多学校的选修课程，特别是随意选修课程都必修课占据了时间。就重要选修课来说，各种各样的教材供应商为学校提供了现成的教材，学校和教师可以省心省力地让学生学习这些选秀课程。因为社会依然把“升学率”当成评价高中教学质量的主要依据，所以学校在选取教材的时候，依然会让学生选修与必修课类似的课程。就随意选修来说，很多学校由于教学管理、师资力量、教室资源等因素不能为学生提供大量的选修课程，这在客观上导致“大部分的学校和教师仅仅只将精力放在必修课和高考中一定会涉及的重要选修课程上”[2]。 （二）选修课程的应试趋势 面对高考升学率的压力，很多高中仍然拼命地实施“填鸭式”教学和“题海”战术，所以英语选修课程仅仅是单纯地列在课程表上以应付教育局的检查。学校领导对选修课程不够重视，教师经常占据选修课的时间，大部分的学生对选修课也是心不在焉，极度缺乏主动性和积极性，因此在学生和老师眼中，选修课被通常是可有可无。有些老师竟然将重要选修课当成应试教育的复习课或补习课；绝大多数的老师在随意选修课程上强化学生当天所学的知识或者是组织他们做练习题。[3]；更有甚者开设了“高考改错专题”、“作文例析”等选修课，让人啼笑皆非。很多学校从高一的时候就通过“月考”和“周练”等办法来提高学生的外语竞争力；有些学校在高二的时候增加听说读写等语言知识与技能类的选修课程，其实只是还是为了提高学生的考试能力，学生的实践能力，例如对英美文化的了解和口语能力并没有得到提高。这种设计选修课的方式仅仅只是停留在应试教育的模式中，既脱离了语言学习与社会接轨的原则，也没有激发学生的兴趣，是高中英语选修课程建设中的一大败笔[4]。（三）选修课程随意化 选修课程是一种特殊的教学模式，但又不同于必修的课堂教学。然而，很多学校没有区分选修课程与传统教学活动。例如，有的学校将选修课程定义为在全校范围内定期或不定期举办“English corner（英语角）”、drama play（话剧）、speech competition(演讲）、英语歌曲比赛（The Singing Contest）；有的学校甚至认为在各大年级开展英语诗朗诵、阅读竞赛、英语书写、英语板报就是开设选修课；更有学校在选修课上将学生的“错题集”进行展示。这
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
Unit1 课内练习答案（P3Ex.1） P3Ex.3 1F2T3T4T5T6T P4Ex.1 1superb2aim3ridiculous4faith5evident 6conventional7gallery8abstract9technique10sculpture P4Ex.2 possess a great deal By coincidence adopt attempted On the other hand predict 详解： 翻译：《这些作品是凡高的真迹吗？》最受欢迎的艺术风格在西方国家就是印象派，许多人想拥有一幅印象派作品并且不惜花巨资去买一幅，巧合的事是，一些采用印象派画法的画家也可以画出不为人知的“杰作”，有一位画家，奥托?沃森，用凡高的风格作画并且迅速赚了很多钱，许多评论家都觉得它是凡高的真迹，一方面，一些评论家发现了，另一方面，一些评论家好奇是否有许多“杰作”被挂在画廊上，一位膜拜凡高作品的人说：“如果这种杰作的数量超过200，我也不会惊奇.”于是有人预言下一幅“杰作”在什么地方什么地点会被发现？ P5Ex.2 1W2F3W4F 5.If he had right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico. 6.If I were not allergic to shellfish,I would enjoy eating them. 7.If the marble statue were not big for her garden,the housewife would
8.If we knew more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. P5Ex.3 1were would make2were would be3were would be 4could would paint5were would help6could take 7knew would send8could9were would be 10would come could P7Ex.2
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
Unit 1 Living well 知识目标 1．Get students to learn the useful words and expressions in this unit. eyesight，ambition，disabled，beneficial，in other words，clumsy，adapt，microscope，out of breath，absence，stupid，fellow，annoyed，all in all，industry，tank，make fun of，encouragement，adapt to 2．Help students to learn about disabilities and life of the disabled. 能力目标 1．Let students read the passage Marty's Story to develop their reading ability. 2．Enable students to know that people with disabilities can also live well. 情感目标 1．By talking about disabilities and life of the disabled，make sure students can learn some positive stories of the disabled. 2．Help them understand more about how challenging life can be for the disabled. 3．Develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成
Unit 1 P4 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 superb 2 aim 3 ridiculous 4 faith 5 evident 6 conventional 7 gallery 8 abstract 9 technique Answer key for Exercise 2 Possess, a great deal, By coincidence, adopt, attempted, On the other hand, predict P5 Answer key for Exercise 1 If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? What would you rather do - paint pictures, make sculptures or design buildings? If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see … Answer key for Exercise 2 1 W 2 F 3 W 4 F 5 If he had right to choose his holiday, he would go to Mexico. 6 If I were not allergic to shellfish, I would enjoy eating them. 7 If the marble statue were not too big for her garden, the housewife would buy it. 8 If we knew more about the disease, we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. Answer key for Exercise 3 1 David is not a sculptor. If he were, he would make a sculpture for the exhibition. 2 Sally is not an aggressive woman. If she were, she would be a more successful businesswoman. 3 If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh. 4 If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse. 5 Mr Ling isn’t here. If he were, he would help you with your geometry. 6 It’s Miss Liang’s birthday today. I wish I could take her out to a superb restaurant for dinner. 7 We don’t know her address. If we knew it, we would send her a big bunch of flowers. 8 People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I could go with you but I’m too busy these days. 9 If Masaccio were alive, he would be amazed at how artists paint today. 10 If Peter would come to our school, he could go to our art classes. P42 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 exhibit (v.) – exhibition (n.) 2 impress (v.) – impression (n.) possess (v.) – possession (n.) 3 civilize (v.) – civilization (n.) realize (v.) – realization (n.) 4 profession (n.) – professional (adj.) convention (n.) – conventional (adj.) 5 prefer (v.) – preference (n.) differ (v.) – difference (n.) 6 evident (adj.) – evidence (n.) permanent (adj.) – permanence (n.) 7 fragrant (adj.) – fragrance (n.) distant (adj.) – distance (n.) 8 controversy (n.) – controversial (adj.) industry (n.) – industrial (adj.) Answer key for Exercise 2 café, district, avenue, shadow, typical, bunch, painting, fragrant, signature, reputation Answer key for Exercise 3 1. 虽然我不是现代艺术方面的学者，但是去看展览的主意对我很有吸引力。 Although I’m not a scholar in contemporary art, the idea of going to the exhibition appeals to me. 2. 你知道几何学在传统的西方艺术中曾被用来勾画绘画作品吗？
英语选修课 王芳
Film review process： 1.Background information 2.Character analysis 3.Plot analysis 4.Theme discussion 5.Learn new words and phrases
"Crazy animal city" by Disney pictures produced the 3D animation, the film tells the story of a peaceful coexistence in all animal animal City, Judi rabbit through their efforts to complete their childhood dreams, become the animal police story. A modern city animal, every animal has their own homes here, there is the Sahara desert climate, perennial cold glaciers in the town square and so on, it is like a big pot, animal here Peaceful Coexistence -- whether it is an elephant or a little mouse, as long as you work hard, can make a go. Judi had a dream to become a rabbit animal city police, although all around like rabbit impossible when the police, but she was through their own efforts, to all among the big animal city police station, became the first rabbit officer. In order to prove himself, she