单选
1．According to a recent report, ____ that Americans consume does not vary greatly from year to year.
A）the number of sugar B）a number of sugar
C）the amount of sugar D）an amount of sugar
2．My dentist appointment is on Friday, ______.
A）fifth October B）five October
C）the fifth of October D）the five of October
3．Flight nineteen from New York to Washington is now arriving at ______.
A）the two gate B）gate two C）the gate two D）second gate
4．That kind of shoes are______ expensive for me.
A）more B）far more C）far too D）much
5．The food that Mark is cooking in the kitchen ______ delicious.
A）smells B）is smelling C）has smelled D）has been smelling
6．It has been ______ for him by his family to marry a girl of his own class.
A）arranged B）organized C）settled D）adapted
7．There is very______hope that she will pass the exam.
A）few B）much C）little D）any
8．She ________ large profits from her unique invention.
A）reaped B）gathered C）rewarded D）built
9．Get me a hammer from the kitchen, ______.
A）will you B）would you C）shall you D）do you
10．Teachers all ________ the student to enter the competition.
A）cheered B）animated C）encouraged D）heartened
11．Although the wines vary, the______ is quite good.
A）medium B）usual C）average D）ordinary
12．________ of a newspaper nor the number of pages in an edition has ever been standardized.
A)The page size is neither B)The page size, neither
C)Neither is the page size D)Neither the page size
13．He______ his first book to his mother.
A）committed B）dedicated C）assigned D）appointed
14．One warning______ to stop her doing it.
A）suffered B）sufficed(足够) C）suggested D）provided
15．How I wish to ______ in your sufferings.
A）enter B）contribute C）participate D）provide
16．We can visit your company on Monday or Tuesday; our plans are fairly______. A）flexible B）elastic C）supple D）compliant
17．It is because English is useful______.
A）why we study it hard B）that we study it hard
C）what we study hard D）which we study hard
18．The plane is______ to take off at 4.
A）enlisted B）enrolled C）prompted D）scheduled
19．_______ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. A）Were I not engaged B）I were not engaged
C）Engaged I were not D）Were not I engaged
20．He ______ that we should probably have rain.
A）observed（观测） B）beheld(看见) C）examined D）followed
21．A poor memory ______ her efforts to become an actress.
A）encouraged B）accomplished C）frustrated(阻挠)D）develop 22．The officer ________ his orders to the men by radio.
A）reported B）transmitted(传达) C）communicated(传输/传达)D）exchanged 23．They have got into______ troubles.
A）monetary B）affluent C）financial D）miserable
24．Churchill(丘吉尔) was______ as the Chancellor of the university.
A）established(建立) B）placed C）launched D）installed(任命)
25．This substance reacts ________ as fast as the other one.
A）one-tenths B）first-ten C）one-ten D）one-tenth
26．It is important for university to keep ______ with the changes in science and technology.
A）step B）stage C）pace D）space
27.It''s______ by coach from Melbourne to Sydney.
A. a nine hour''s journey
B. a nine hour journey
C. a nine hours'' journey
D. a nine-hours journey
28. They got there ______ we by 20 minutes.
A. more early as
B. earlier than
C. as early as
D. more earlier than
29. Those who don’t work hard at English ought to______.
A. criticize
B. be criticized
C. have been criticized
D. be criticizing
30. If you______ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be sleepy now.
A. hadn’t watched
B. didn’t watch
C. haven’t watched
D. wouldn’t have watched
31. Weather ______ , we’ll go sightseeing.
A. permitted
B. is permitted
C. permitting
D. is permitting
32. There are ______ opportunities for employment in the rural area.
A. less
B. little
C. small
D. fewer
33. A ___ ___ component(成分) of any democracy（民主） is a free labor movement.
A. vital（极重要的）
B. visual（看得见的）
C. sole（唯一的）
D. single
CCBCA ACAAC ADBBC ABDAA CBCDD CCBBA CDA
翻译句子
(1)Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provides your company with new ways of better understanding and serving your customer.
客户关系管理(CRM)为您的公司提供新的方式以更好的理解和服务你的客户(2)This service, known as Information Desk, along with other new Web-based information delivery services, has enabled the company and its direct, indirect and channel customers to work together more efficiently.
这种被称为“信息桌面”的服务,以及其他以网络为基础提供信息的新的服务,使得公司和它的直接、间接和渠道的客户更有效地合作
(3) As a result of getting confidential documents faster, three-fourths of Intel's direct customer engineers shaved a week or more off their product development cycle.
更快了解机密文件的结果是：英特尔公司四分之三的直接客户工程师将其产品研发周期缩短了一周或更多
(4) Over the last few years the Internet has evolved from being a scientific network only, to a platform that is enabling a new generation of businesses.
在过去的几年中，因特网已经从一个仅用于科研的网络发展成了一个使新一代商务模式成为可能的平台
(5) The e-business in the title is not the same as IBM is seeing it, it is much more, as you will discover by reading this book, therefore the "B" in e-business not written in capital letters as in IBM's ease.
标题中的e-business与IBM所理解的并不一样，当你读完这本书你就会发现其内涵要丰富得多，所以，e-business中的字，字母B并没有像IBM一样大写
(6) Once you have this data gathered, business intelligence applications let you analyze the information to help you optimize your Web site
一旦你收集了这些数据，智能商务软件将帮你进行分析以是你的网站最佳化(7) Track Web hits or transactions against fluctuations in your offline sales channels, for example, or see what happens to order volumes at the beginning of a fiscal quarter when many departments have new budgets to work with.
例如，将你的网站的成功点击率或交易量与你的线下销售波形图进行比较，或者当许多部门在一个季度开始做新的预算时，了解一下订单的数量
(8) You can glean trends during peak traffic periods that result in server overloads, or identify search criteria that consistently fail to deliver anticipated content.
在最高流量的时段，你可以了解一下是什么导致了服务器超载，或者确认哪些搜索标准总是不能达到预期的搜索结果
(9)Executives who have successfully led change efforts advocate in-person discussions and meetings as the most effective communication vehicles.
曾经成功领导了变革的决策者们主张将亲自参加讨论和会议作为最有效的沟通方式(10) Continuous innovation, a critical element of e-business strategy, is at the mercy of an organization's communication structure.
不断地变革——,电子商务战略中最关键的因素，完全取决于机构的沟通体系
1．贸易，商业 https://www.doczj.com/doc/1817980050.html,merce2. 紧缩v. deflate3. 命令的，权威 adj. & n. injunctive 4. 拥抱，包含 v.embrace 6. 垂直的，直立的adj. vertical
7．参与，参加v. participate 8．可用的,可获得的adj. available
9．自动化,自动n. automation 10. 包含, 牵涉 v. involve
11. 地方, 位置 n. location 13. 单独的, 个人的 adj. individual
14. 服从, 顺从, 提交 v. submit 15. 投资n. investment
16. 基本的, 基础的, 主要的 adj. foundational
17. 分配, 分布, 分发 v. distribute 23. 基金, 经费 n. fund
25．预置, 初始化n. initialization 3. 顾问 n. consultant
8. 本质，精髓，精华 n. essence 9. 放弃，遗弃 v. abandon
1. retrieval technologies检索技术
2. value chain _价值链
3. direct billing直接结算
4. supply chains供应链
5. global marketplace全球市场
6. tangible benefit有形效益
7. virtual private network (VPN)虚拟专用网
8. frequently asked questions (FAQ) 常见问题 EDI电子数据交换
5. privacy policy隐私策略
6. dispute resolution调解纠纷、争端解决
7. business process re-engineering (BPR)业务流程再造
8. return on investment投资报酬9. search engines搜索引擎
10. shopping cart购物车 11. online marketing在线营销
12. DigiCash电子现金13. cross-sell交叉销售14. text documents文本文件
完形填空
(1)Several regions in the world are subject 1 storms which are so severe that they 2 damage on a tremendous scale. The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The 3 term for such severe storms is "cyclone". The term "hurricane" is 4 for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Cyclones(龙卷风) and hurricanes(飓风) differ in one curious 5 : in a cyclone, the wind circulates in a clockwise direction; in a hurricane, the wind direction is counter-clockwise. 6 cyclones and hurricanes have one ominous similarity. 7 the damage they cause on land and at sea, they are identical.
Australia undergoes a number of cyclones every year along its northern coast, which faces Indonesia. The cyclones 8mainly in December and January, the summer months in the southern hemisphere.
Usually the Australian cyclones don't cause great damage because Australia's northern territory has vast empty regions that are virtually 9 .There are few coastal cities. When a cyclone 10 move inland from the sea, it usually blows itself out without striking any inhabited area.
1．A）to B）for C）of D）on
2．A）make B）cause C）happen D）suffer
3．A）full B）common C）ordinary D）general
4．A）made B）called C）meant D）defined
5．A）way B）manner C）angle D）feature
6．A）However B）And C）But D）Then
7．A）In that B）In terms of C）Except for D）Along with
8．A）occur B）rise C）raise D）foster
9．A）populated B）deserted C）unpopulated D）undeserved
10．A）could B）does C）would D）should
ABDDA CBACB
(2)Human beings act in a different way from 1 of animals just because they can
speak while animals cannot. Even the cleverest animals cannot do things which to us seem very 2 and which small children, as soon as they learn to talk, would be able to do.
A German scientist, who 3 experiments for many years with big apes(猿), found that his apes could use his sticks(棍) as tools to pull down bananas which they could not 4 . But they only used the stick to get a banana when both the banana and the stick were in view at the same time. If the banana was in front of them and the stick was behind them, they could not use the stick. They could not keep the banana 5 enough in mind to look around and then pick up the stick and use it.
The 6 for this is clear. We have words for banana and stick which help use to think about these things when they are not in 7 . Even a small child knowing the words "banana" and "stick" has an idea of their relationship and is able to think "stick" together with "banana" and to remember this long enough to pick the stick 8 behind and use it on the banana.
9 to speak, animals cannot keep their knowledge of things for long. That is why they often interrupt one line of action to do something else and later forget it completely. Human beings, on the other hand, use 10 and are able to do one thing continuously.
1．A）that B）this C）way D）eat
2．A）honest B）foolish C）simple D）evident
3．A）carried B）dealt C）developed D）performed
4．A）get B）reach C）eat D）take
5．A）clear B）alive C）long D）complete
6．A）answer B）truth C）reason D）cause
7．A）vision B）mind C）thought D）sight
8．A）from B）in C）at D）around
9．A）incapable B）unable C）unwilling D）hard
10．A）knowledge B）language C）expressions D）mind
ACDBC CDABB
(3)It is not surprising that people 1 ever associate Britain with wine and ill fact it may astonish you to learn that grapes are grown in the open air in England and nearly 200,000 2 were sold in 1975. There is nothing very new in growing grapes in Britain, 3 the climate. The Romans planted the first vines about AD 300 and 4 a long time people always drank home-produced wines. What destroyed the English wine industry was not5 a change in the climate as the fact that an English King, Henry II, inherited the Bordeaux area of France as part of his dominions6the twelfth century and the imported wine provided7 of competition. The English wine industry did not disappear, however,8the sixteenth century, when the monks, who had been the main producers in the meantime, had their estates taken away by Henry VIII. The new owners let the vineyards die out. But now English people, probably9their memories of holidays by the Mediterranean, drink more wine than ever and the new industry is now developing 10
a modest but consistent rate.
1．A）hardly B）almost C）nearly D）seldom
2．A）bottles of wine B）bottles of wines C）wine bottles D）of wine bottles 3．A）although B）whatever C）in spite of D）however
4．A）during B）from C）since D）for
5．A）enough B）such C）too much D）so much
6．A）on B）during C）for D）since
7．A）much B）many C）a great deal D）a large number
8．A）as long as B）as far as C）since D）until
9．A）because B）for C）because of D）due
10．A）in B）by C）at D）on
AACDDBCDCC
阅读理解
答案:(1)CAA (3)ABC (4)ADB (5)BAC (6)CCAD (7)ABAD
1 CAB 2CCDD 3ABC 4 ADB 5 BAC 6BCAD 7ABAD
Passage 1
People over the age of 65 in the U.S.A are called senior citizens. Life for these people is different from that for younger Americans. Most senior citizens retire, or no longer work full time. Also it is unusual for people of this age to live with their children and grandchildren. Grandparents tend to live in their own houses or apartments away from their families.
For many senior citizens, the years after 65 are not enjoyable. They feel unproductive when they no longer work. Their lives lose meaning. In addition, they may feel lonely being away from their families and the contacts they had in their work. Moreover, they become more concerned with their health as they grow older. If they live in big cities, they often worry about their safety.
Other senior citizens enjoy their lives. They feel free to do things they were not able to do when they were working and raising families. They now have time to enjoy hobbies and sports and travel. They associate with their fellow senior citizens who have common interests and equal free time. Many senior citizens move to retirement communities located in warm climates. Some senior citizens continue to work beyond retirement age. Many find new careers and professional opportunities after they retire.
The number of senior citizens in the U.S.A is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before. The average life span for Americans in now more than 74 years. Because of their larger numbers and more active life styles, senior citizens are gaining social influence in the country both politically and economically. Their concerns are receiving a wider audience than ever before. The time may come when all Americans will look forward to becoming senior citizens.
1．Many senior citizen ________.
A）are enjoyable B）live together with their families
C）feel unproductive, lonely and unsafe D）feel safe in big cities 2．Senior citizens are gaining social influence because ________.
A）the number of senior citizens is growing and because senior citizens are more active
B）senior citizens have experience
C）their average life span is longer
D）they do more work now
3．Implied but not stated: ________.
A）Most of American senior citizens have lived a lonely and unhappy life. B）They have played an important part in society.
C）Like young people, senior citizens can still enjoy everything they like.
D）Their average lifespan is becoming longer and longer.
Passage 2
The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.
The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.
By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well-known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall among them.
Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.
The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.
After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St Paul's.
The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.
4．The fire began in______.
A）a hotel B）the palace
C）Pudding Lane D）Thames Street
5．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that______.
A）some people lost their lives B）the birds in the sky were killed by the fire
C）many famous buildings were destroyed D）the King's bakery was
burned down
6．Why did the writer cite Samuel Pepys? ______
A）Because Pepys was among those putting out the fire
B）Because Pepys also wrote about the fire
C）To show that poor people suffered most
D）To give the reader a clearer picture of the fire
7．How was the fire put out according to the text? ______.
A）The king and his soldiers came to help
B）All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed
C）People managed to get enough water from the river
D）Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down
Passage 3
Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A composer organizes his melodies (旋律) and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. He may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, the final result will not be to standard.
Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly.
Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be "the newer the better", the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.
1．A piece of original music ______.
A）has a personal style B）sounds very familiar to our ears
C）is one whose style you cannot recognize D）cannot be recognized as belonging to any composer
2．Good music is ______.
A）well-organized tunes B）the proper expression of feelings
C）an expression of mixed feelings D）exaggeration of some feelings
3．The passage is concerned with ______.
A）how to compose music B）how to enjoy music
C）how to judge music D）how to perform music
Passage 4
Shopping-bag ladies don't beg publicly, but they do not refuse what is offered. Once a shopping-bag lady appears where you live, it is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to pay no attention to the collection box in church. And although you may not like it, if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, it is as morally hard to turn her away as it is to do with a lost dog.
Most shopping-bag ladies seem to be between the ages of 40 and 65. They wear layers of clothes even in summer time, with newspapers filled between the layers as something against bad weather.
No one knows how many shopping-bag ladies there are in New York. The number is going up. Some persons and researchers spend a great deal of time taking care of or observing shopping-bag ladies and doing what they can to better the life lady hermits（隐士） who're down.
1．Shopping-bag ladies are ______.
A）lady beggars B）ladies who sell shopping-bags
C）ladies who make shopping-bags D）Those who go hungry 2．They fill newspapers between the layers of their clothes because ______.
A）they are so poor B）they have no place to put them
C）they want to hide them D）they have to use them to keep the cold out
3．Which of the following statements is NOT true.
A）There are more and more shopping-bag ladies in the United States .
B）Shopping-bag ladies appear only in New York.
C）Some people are helping shopping-bag ladies.
D）Some people are engaged in their research on these shopping-bag ladies. Passage 5
The Internet will play a central role in conducting international trade beyond the year 2000. The World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) recently announced a plan to assist developing countries develop a capacity for e-commerce and e-business. The spin off from this decision can pay huge dividends to offshore companies that position themselves on-line right now to supply goods and services to the coming global Internet trading market.
E-business will help you get set up and operate with a minimum of effort and at reasonable prices.
E-business Incorporated works with international companies to set up a web-office, or CyberSuite as its own domain accessible over the Internet via its own
domain name or from the e-business Cyberspace Station.
If you are a supplier, your CyberSuite would have a showroom where visitors —especially wholesale importers and distributors — can examine images, drawings or listings of what you have to offer. If you are a buyer, your web-office can include a notice board listing products or services or agreements you are looking for and a bidding gallery where suppliers can post bids and link you to their sites to examine products. Trading partners can make purchases, send invoices, hold business meetings, track shipments, and work out potential trade agreements within the E-business Cyberspace Station. E-business seminars and conferences will introduce new potential trade partners to each other.
Orders placed on the site are sent immediately to manufacturers and any suppliers integrated into the trade process. For example, established trading partners might include an importer ordering large shipments from a manufacturer and suppliers of parts or raw materials in other countries. By electronically notifying the whole trade net at the same time, each partner is able to trim supply and demand to "just in time" delivery of goods or services. The savings of doing business this way can be substantial — even without the tax advantages.
1．E-business Incorporated can help a company to______.
A）set up a web-office free of charge B）build a Cybersuite as its domain
C）get its own domain name D）have its web site accessible via its own domain name
2．In a Cybersuite, a supplier can ______.
A）exhibit its products and services B）find more images and drawings
C）get many lists of products D）bid for a certain product or service
3．The passage mainly tells about ______.
A）the benefits brought by e-business B）how to do e-commerce via Internet
C）a project by WTCA D）how to find trade partners via Internet
Passage 6
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies - and other creatures - learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the
babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights - and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
4．According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.
A）are directly related to pleasure B）will meet their physical needs
C）will bring them a feeling of success D）will satisfy their curiosity 5．Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ______.
A）would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B）would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C）would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D）would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
6．In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.
A）have the lights turned on B）be rewarded with milk C）please their parents D）be praised
7．The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
A）the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B）the sight of the lights was interesting
C）they need not turn back to watch the lights
D）they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
Passage 7
The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recent paper, Wharton's Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (https://www.doczj.com/doc/1817980050.html,), or buyers
and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (https://www.doczj.com/doc/1817980050.html,).
The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.
To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. "It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves, " says Wind. "These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services. "
For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything —from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers.
Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. "Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss, " says Wind.
4．The passage was most likely to be taken from ________.
A）an overview of a paper B）an introduction to a book C）a book on digital revolution D）a paper discussing digital revolution
5．From the third paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A）the customers are also reprogrammed by computers
B）e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumers C）cyber consumers are a group of strange people
D）cyber consumers came from outer space
6．Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers ________. A）are more difficult to satisfy B）have less knowledge about business
C）have more problems with prices D）are less willing to buy products and services
7．In the last paragraph, what Wind said means ________.
A）digital consumers' decision to buy depends largely on others' evaluation
B）it will be more and more difficult for companies to earn profit in e-business
C）most of the companies in e-business are at a loss
D）companies should try their best to meet the digital consumers' demands and expectations
A 安培 ampere 安培表，电流表 amperemeter 安装 mounted 安装方式 mounting type 按钮 push-button 暗装 flush mounted B 拔号 dial 白炽灯 incandescent lamp 半导体继电保护 SIC protection relay 伴热电缆 heat tracing cable 包装说明 packing instruction 饱和 saturation 饱和饱和铁芯 saturated core 饱和点 saturation point 饱和电抗 saturated reactance 饱和电抗器 saturated reactor 饱和电压 saturation voltage 饱和特性 saturation characteristics 饱和系数 saturation factor 保持 retain 保持电路 retaining circuit 保持线圈 holding coil 保护 protection 保护电位 protective potential 保护围 protective zone 保护间隙 protective gap 保护用互感器 protecting transformer 保证 guarantee 报警窗口 alarming window 报警器 annunciator 备品备件 spare parts 备用电源 stand by power 备用回路 spare circuit(feeder) 备用励磁机 standby exciter 备用容量 spare capacity 背景亮度 background luminance 比重计 gravity meter 闭合 closing 闭锁二极管 blocking diode 闭锁继电器 blocking relay 避雷器 lightning arrester 避雷器 surge arrester 避雷线 lightning wire 避雷针 lightning rod 边屏 side panel 变电站 substation 变流器 current converter 变频器 frequency converter 变频站 frequency converter station 变送器 transducer 变形 deformation 变压器 transformer 变压器额定变比transformer rated ratio 变压器冷却系统transformer cooling system 变压器联接组别transformer angular displacement 变压器绕组 transformer winding 变压器油箱 transformer tank 变阻器 rheostat 变阻器 rheostat 标称放电电流nominal discharge current 标识条 marking strip 标幺值 P.U. value=per unit value 标准测试模式 standard test mode 标准电阻 standard resistor 标准型式试验 standard type test 表计 meter 并联 parallel 并联电抗器 shunt reactor 并联电容器 shunt capacitor 并联电容器 shunt capacitor 并联开断试验 parallel breaking test 并联支路 parallel branch 波纹系数 ripple contain factor 波纤带 glass cloth tape 波形 wave form 不带电设备 de-energized equipment 不对称电抗 asymmetrical impedance 不对称过负荷 unsymmetrical overload
·第一篇：Youth 青春 Youth Youth is not a time of life; it's a state of mind; it's not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it's a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it's the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a tempera-mental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for the adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than of grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear ,self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust. Whether 60 or 16 ,there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and
有关圣诞节的资料英文 【篇一：与圣诞节有关的英语单词】与圣诞节有关的英语单词 圣诞：the birthday of jesus christ 圣诞歌：christmas carol 圣诞卡：christmas card 圣诞老人：santa claus 圣诞树：christmas tree 圣诞快乐：merry christmas 圣诞柴：yule log(圣诞节原木形大蛋糕) 圣诞节的次日：boxing day 圣诞晚会：christmas party 圣诞节日历：menology 圣诞节前夕(12月24日)：christmas eve 圣诞节期：christmastime 圣诞季节：yule，yuletide，yuletime 圣诞节快乐!merry christmas! christmas greetings 圣诞祝贺 christmas shopping 圣诞采购 christmas card 圣诞卡 reindeer 驯鹿 christmas eve 圣诞节前夕 candy 糖果 christmas day 圣诞节 chimney 烟囱 christmas season 圣诞节节日
fireplace 壁炉 christmas time 圣诞节假期 (自十二月二十四日至一月一日或一月六日) magi 由东方来朝见初生的耶稣的三个贤人 candle 蜡烛 candle stick 烛台 christmas feast 圣诞大餐 package 包裹 christmas dinner 圣诞大餐 poinsettia 圣诞红 glittering decorations 灿烂耀眼的装饰物品 bethlehem 伯利恒(耶稣降生地) christmas gift 圣诞礼物 jesus christ 耶稣基督 christmas present 圣诞礼物 christ child 圣婴 christmas tree 圣诞树 christmas carol 圣诞颂歌 christmas spirit 圣诞气氛 manger 马槽
电气专业英语单词abscissa axis 横坐标 ac motor 交流环电动机 active (passive) circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件 active component 有功分量 active in respect to 相对….呈阻性 admittance 导纳 air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布 air-gap flux 气隙磁通 air-gap line 气隙磁化线 algebraic 代数的 algorithmic 算法的 alloy 合金 ampere-turns 安匝(数) amplidyne 微场扩流发电机 Amplitude Modulation(AM) 调幅 armature circuit 电枢电路 armature coil 电枢线圈 armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波 attenuate 衰减 automatic station 无人值守电站 automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器 auxiliary motor 辅助电动机 ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 针对应用的集成电路API：american petroleum institute 美国石油组织 bandwidth 带宽 base 基极 bilateral circuit 双向电路 bimotored 双马达的 biphase 双相的 bipolar junction transistor (BJT) 双极性晶体管 block diagram 方框图 boost 增压 boost-buck 升压去磁 breakaway force 起步阻力 breakdown torque 极限转矩 bronze 青铜 buck 补偿 capacitance effect 电容效应 carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡 carrier 载波 Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系 cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子 chopper circuit 斩波电路
电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电路基础 ideal voltage (current) source 理想电压(流)源volt-ampere characteristic 伏安特性potential difference 电位差 reference potential 参考电位resistance 电阻capacitance 电容 inductance 电感 reactance 电抗 inductive(capacitive) reactance 感(容)抗impedance 阻抗 equivalent circuit 等效电路 Ohm’s law 欧姆定律Kirchhoff’s law 基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL）基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s current law（KCL）基尔霍夫电流定律Thevenin’s theorem 戴维宁定理Norton’s theorem 诺顿定理 branch 支路 node 结点 loop 回路 mesh 网孔 open circuit 开路（断路） short circuit 短路 branch current analysis 支路电流法mesh current analysis 网孔电流法 ode voltage analysis 结点电位法n superposition theorem 叠加原理passive(active) two-terminal network 无(有)源二端网络root mean square (RMS) 均方根值 effective value 有效值instantaneous value 瞬时值 ampere 安培 volt 伏特 Hertz 赫兹 reactive power` 无功功率 active power 有功功率 transfer function 传递函数 apparent power 视在功率 power-factor compensation 功率因数补偿series (parallel) resonance 串(并)联谐振 amplitude(phase)-frequency response characteristic 幅(相)频特性 figure of merit 品质因素 pass-band 通频带bandwidth (BW) 带宽 first(second)-order filter 一(二)阶滤波器low(high)-pass filter 低(高)通滤波器band-pass(stop) filter 带通(阻)滤波器transfer function 转移函数 Bode diagram 波特图 Fourier series 傅立叶级数 three-phase circuit 三相电路 cutoff frequency 截止频率 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 快速傅立叶变换 state variable 状态变量 电机 generation 发电 transmission 输电 distribution 配电 coil 线圈 core 铁心 winding 绕组 electrical machine 电机 generator 发电机 motor 电动机 stator (rotor) 定子(转子) armature 电枢 brush 电刷 commutator 换向器 salient-pole 凸极 slip ring 滑环 induction motor 感应电动机 magnetic flux 磁通 asynchronous machine 异步电机 synchronous generator 同步发电机 eddy current 涡流 EMF（electromotive force）电动势 counter EMF 反电势 torque 转矩 excitation 励磁 prime mover 原动机 rectifier 整流器 leakage flux 漏磁通 demagnetization 退磁，去磁 short-circuit ratio 短路比 converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器） synchronous condenser 同步调相机 magnetization curve 磁化曲线 separately exciting 他励 compounded excited 复励 self-exciting 自励 series(shunt)-wound 串(并)励
01 The Language of Music A pain ter hangs his or her fini shed pictures on a wall, and every one can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it un til it is performed. Professi on al sin gers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical stude nt n eeds to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dan cer. Sin gers practice breathi ng every day, as their vocal chords would be in adequate without con trolled muscular support. String players practice moving the fin gers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm —two entirely different moveme nts. Sin gers and in strume nts have to be able to get every n ote perfectly in tune. Pia ni sts are spared this particular an xiety, for the no tes are already there, wait ing for them, and it is the pia no tun er s responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the stri ng have to be coaxed not to sound like percussi on, and each overlapp ing tone has to sound clear. This problem of gett ing clear texture is one that confronts stude nt con ductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at con trolli ng these sound with fanatical but selfless authority. Tech nique is of no use uni ess it is comb ined with musical kno wledge and un dersta nding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the Ianguage of music that they can enjoy perform ing works writte n in any cen tury. 02 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Educati on is much more ope n-en ded and all-i nclusive tha n schooli ng. Educati on knows no boun ds. It can take place any where, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitche n or on a tractor. It in cludes both the formal lear ning that takes place in schools and the whole uni verse of in formal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, educati on quite ofte n produces surprises. A cha nee con versati on with a stra nger may lead a pers on to discover how little is known of other religi ons. People are en gaged in educati on from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an in tegral part of one Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be lear ned, whether they are the alphabet or an un dersta nding of the work ing of
圣诞语录英文 导读：本文是关于圣诞语录英文的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 01、A wish for a truly merry Christmas and may the joy of Christmas linger in your heart all the year！ 圣诞快乐！愿圣诞的喜悦整年萦绕你心间。 02、Wishing you and yours a merry Christmas this holiday season。 值此佳节，祝你全家圣诞快乐。 03、Wishing you a song in your heart at Christmas and blessings all year long。 圣诞之际，祝你心中有首快乐的歌，新年快乐！ 04、A merry Christmas from all of your students。 祝您圣诞快乐，您的全体学生敬上。 05、Merry Christmas，my best friend。 祝我的挚友圣诞快乐。 06、For you and your family，boss，during this holiday season！ 值此圣诞佳节，老板，献给您及您的家人。 07、Christmas time is here。I hope you have a wonderful New Year。May every day hold happy hours for you。
圣诞来临，祝新年快乐，愿你时时刻刻幸福欢乐！ 08、Merry Christmas to the world’s best parents！ 祝世界上最好的父母圣诞快乐！ 09、My arms are wide open for you this Christmas。 我张开双臂，盼与你共度圣诞佳节。 10、You are the one for me this Christmas and for many Christmas to come。 在此圣诞节和未来的每个圣诞节里，你都是我唯一的爱！ 11、A Christmas greeting to cheer you from your daughters。 愿女儿的圣诞祝福带给你快乐。 12、Let’s never spend our Christmas apart。 让我们永不独享圣诞节。 13、Stars are shining。May Santa Claus come to you with joys and happiness。 星光闪烁，圣诞老人来到你的床前，将欢乐与祝福，洒满你的房间。 14、At Christmas and always，may peace and love fill your heart，beauty fill your world，and contentment and joy fill your days。 圣诞的祝福，平日的希冀，愿你心境祥和、充满爱意，愿你的世界全是美满，愿你一切称心如意，快乐无比。
电气工程师专业英语词汇汇总 10kV distribution substation 10kV配电所abrupt change of voltage 电压突变accumulation of electric energy 电能存储actuating coil 动作线圈adjustment diagram 调整图 alarm 报警 alarm signal 报警信号alternating light 变光灯 ammeter 电流表 apparent energy consumption unit 单位视在能耗 arc furnace 电弧炉 armature 电枢 arrester; lighting arrester; surge diverters 避雷器 automatic voltage regulator 电压自动调整器backlighting; background illumination 背景照明 battery box 电池箱 battery charger 电池充电器battery contactor 电池接触器battery fuse 电池保险丝battery resistor 电池电阻器 blow-out coil 磁吹线圈 boom 吊杆 bracket (OCS) 底座（接触网）； 支架；托架bracket for headspan wire 定位索底座bridge 电桥 brush 电刷 built-in wardrobe; built-in closet; closet 壁灯 bulb; light(lamp) bulb; electric bulb 灯泡 butterfly valve with electric actuator 电动蝶阀 button 电钮 cable and accessories 电缆及附件 cable armour 电缆铠装 cable bays 电缆电线间隔cable box 电缆箱 cable bracket; cable tray 电缆托架 cable continuity test 电路复测 cable differential protection 电缆差动保护
关于圣诞节的英语手抄报资料 Christmas, annual Christian holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ. Most members of the Roman Catholic Church and followers of Protestantism celebrate Christmas on December 25, and many celebrate on the evening of December 24 as well. Members of the Eastern Orthodox Church usually delay their most important seasonal ceremonies until January 6, when they celebrate Epiphany, a commemoration of the baptism of Jesus. Epiphany also traditionally commemorates the arrival of the Three Wise Men of the East in Bethlehem (near Jerusalem, Israel), where they adored the infant Jesus and presented him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. The official Christmas season, popularly known as either Christmastide or the Twelve Days of Christm as, extends from the anniversary of Christ’s birth on December 25 to the feast of Epiphany on January 6. 圣诞节：2016年12月25日，农历十一月二十七日，星期天 圣诞节习俗中英文介绍 Christmas is one of the most beautiful holidays of all time. It is the day when God's son was born on earth. Hence, this day is sacred for all Christians around the world. The Christmas season gives rise to a number of Christmas traditions that come along. Here are a few of them that are celebrated with zest and enthusiasm worldwide for centuries. 圣诞节一直是个美好的节日。这是上帝之子诞生的日子，因此对世界各地的基督徒来说，这一天是非常神圣的。圣诞季节自然少不了各种圣诞传统。下面这些传统，可是几个世纪以来一直世界各地的人们一直热闹欢庆的习俗。 On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. 圣诞节当天，许多人会去教堂，在圣诞节，他们还会交换礼物，及用冬青、榭寄生和圣诞树来装饰自己的家。 Preparation of the Christmas cake 烘烤圣诞蛋糕 This was an English tradition which started centuries ago. On Christmas eve, plum porridge was served to the people. As years passed, various other things like dry fruits, honey and spices were used. Soon this porridge got replaced with the Christmas cake. Christmas cakes are made using eggs, butter, confections, fruits, etc. Today a Christmas cake is an integral part of a Christmas menu. 这项英式传统早在几个世纪以前就流传开了，以前人们在平安夜喝梅花粥。随着时间慢慢推移，人们还会享用果脯、蜂蜜及香料食物等，随后圣诞蛋糕便代替梅花粥出现了。圣诞蛋糕由鸡蛋、黄油、甜点、水果等烘制而成。现如今，圣诞蛋糕已成为圣诞菜谱不可或缺的一部分。 Decorating the Christmas tree 装扮圣诞树 This refers to the tradition of decorating a pine tree using lights, tinsels, garlands, ornaments, candy canes, etc. Today, a Christmas tree is an indispensable part of Christmas celebration. 这个传统指的是用彩灯、金箔、花环、饰品、糖果条等装扮松树。现如今，圣诞树也是欢庆节日不可或缺的一部分。 Lighting up the Christmas candle 点燃圣诞蜡烛
电气专业常用英语词汇
generator 发电机电气专业常用英语词汇 excitation 励磁 excitor 励磁器 voltage 电压 current 电流 step-up transformer 升压变压器 bus 母线 transformer 变压器空载损耗：no-load loss iron loss 铁损：copper loss 铜损： no-load current 空载电流： reactive loss 有功损耗：active loss 无功损耗： power transmission system 输电系统 high side 高压侧 transmission line 输电线高压: high voltage low voltage 低压：middle voltage 中压：功角稳定 angle stability stability 稳定 voltage stability 电压稳定 transient stability 暂态稳定 power plant
电厂 power transfer 能量输送 AC 交流 DC 直流 power system 电网 drop point 落点 switch station 开关站 regulation 调节高抗 high voltage shunt reactor apposable 并列的： margin 裕度 fault 故障 three phase fault 三相故障 tap 分接头： generator triping 切机 high limited value 高顶值 static (state) 静态． 动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance 电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power 电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker 电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator 阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade 有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap position 电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance 电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit 正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance 无功（功率） reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流 reactive current 斜率 slope 额定 rating 变比 ratio 参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT
自学新东方的《新概念英语》全攻略 去年下半年我教了一个学期的计算机专业英语，可能很多学生喜欢我的英语课，所以常常来问我关于英语学习的问题，我结合自己的经验总结了一下，写出来与大家共享，很多东西还不是很成熟，我知道高人很多，为了那些喜欢学习英语的学生，希望大家不吝赐教，以便让我进一步归纳总结，谢谢！ 学习准备工作 1、买一个MP3，最好录音效果比较好的那种 2、买一台电脑 3、买一套《新概念英语》教材（共四册），还有配套的《自学导读》、《练习详解》 4、准备一套新东方的《新概念英语》FLASH视频教程，这个可以下载，市场上好像也有啊 5、下载一套配套的新东方的《新概念英语》FLASH视频教程笔记和新东方补充资料，打印出来装订成册，可以随时翻阅 学习过程 （高中毕业的可以从第二册开始学习） 1、制定一个计划，例如每周学习一课。严格按照计划进行。 2、先预习课文。划出你不认识的单词，还有你不熟悉的句型，这些单词和句子一般在课文讲解的时候会重点讲解。
3、在电脑上看该课文的FLASH视频教程，对着笔记学习，必要时补充笔记。重点特别要注意你在步骤2划出的单词句型。 4、背诵课文。 a) 没事的时候就用MP3听该课的录音，走路坐车吃饭跑步等等都可以，这些时候并不在于你能听多少，主要是给你听力刺激！ b) 每天早上和睡觉之前花半个小时集中精力背课文，早上最好自己大声朗诵，多花一点时间。 c) 自己可以流利背诵了以后，可以将自己背诵的用MP3录下来，然后放给自己听，对比自己的发音和课文MP3的录音区别。 d) 课文一定要背到乱熟，可以脱口而出！ 5、复习讲课的内容。复习的时候可以将FLASH视频教程的语音提取出来（提取出来的是MP3格式），放在MP3里面边听边复习。 6、最后做做练习吧。 7、一课学习结束了以后，接着下一课的学习，在学习下一课的时候，抽空回头复习一下前面的课文，如此循环。 8、关于单词。 a) 要是课文你达到乱熟的程度，那么单词你肯定已经记住了。单词学习的关键注意词意辨析。 b) 专门学习单词的时候，上网下载新东方名师刘畅古典的笔记、网络课堂赵丽的笔记和课堂录音 9、关于语法。
有关圣诞节的英文资料 according to the bible, the holy book of christians, god decided to allow his only son, jesus christ, to be born to a human mother and live on earth so that people could understand god better and learn to love god and each other more. "christmas"- meaning "celebration of christ "- honors the time when jesus was born to a young jewish woman mary. mary was engaged to be married to joseph, a carpenter, but before they came together, she was found to be with child. because joseph, her husband, was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. but after he had considered this, an angel of the lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "do not be afraid to take mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the holy spirit. she will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name jesus, because he will save his people from their sins." 基督(jesus)是这天生的啊,基督出生在伯利恒(bethlehem) mary是他的妈妈.玛丽娅已和木匠约瑟夫订婚。可是，在他们同居之前，约瑟夫发现玛丽娅已怀孕。因为约瑟夫是个正派的人，又不想把这件事说出去让她丢脸，所以他想悄悄地和她分手。他正在考虑这事时，上帝的天使出现在他的梦中，对他说，“不要嘀咕了，把玛丽娅娶回家。她怀的孩子来自圣灵。她将生下个男孩子，你们给孩子起名叫耶稣，因为他将从罪恶中拯救人们。”
常用电气元器件英文单词（1）元件设备 三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans 双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 电容器：Capacitor 并联电容器：shunt capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 母线：Busbar 输电线：TransmissionLine 发电厂：power plant 断路器：Breaker 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 分接头：tap 电动机：motor（2）状态参数 有功：active power 无功：reactive power 电流：current 容量：capacity 电压：voltage 档位：tap position 有功损耗：reactive loss 无功损耗：active loss 功率因数：power-factor 功率：power 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss 空载电流：no-load current 阻抗：impedance 正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance 电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance 电纳：susceptance 无功负载：reactive load 或者QLoad 有功负载: active load PLoad 遥测：YC(telemetering) 遥信：YX 励磁电流(转子电流)：magnetizing current 定子：stator