Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels”theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。 Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a
中国饮食文化英文介绍 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：中国饮食文化——英文版 China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，
还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重
1、中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture 中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 （1）中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。Chinese people began to make wine with grains seven thousand years ago. （2）总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。 Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with Chinese culture in both ancient and modern times. （3）长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。 Chinese wine culture has been play ing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a long time. （4）我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。 Our Chinese ancestors used to enjoy themselves by
drinking wine while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. （5）作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc. 2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy 中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。 （1）中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression. （2）作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。
山东农业大学外国语学院《中国文化外译》课程论文 论文题目：汉语语义模糊数字 及在诗词中的翻译 姓名：胡芳芳 班级：英语五班 学号：20104228 日期：2010-7-3
Translation of Chinese Numerals with Semantic Fuzziness HU Fangfang (College of Foreign Languages, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’ an 271018) Abstract: Accuracy and clarity are usually regarded as the ideal goals for all the language users to achieve in their expressions of what in minds. However, due to various objective and subjective factors, the phenomena of fuzziness exist widely in all aspects of all the natural languages. Being one of the important sub – systems of language, numerals naturally possess the common property of language —fuzziness. Fuzziness is one of the basic natures of languages. Numerals show their exactness as well as fuzziness in linguistics. It is a difficult point to translate the fuzzy meanings from Chinese into English; as a result, a study of their translating skills benefits the translation. The theory of fuzziness in fuzzy linguistics provides a new way for translation of numerals. In the folk language and literary works, numerals with semantic fuzziness mainly express meaning, emotion and linguistic power. On the basis of semantic fuzziness, the paper explores the three principles to translate English and Chinese numerals with as an example in Poems of Mao Tsetung as an exampl e in hope to bring lightness to study of fuzzy language and translation of numerals with semantic fuzziness.And it tries to propose six principal methods o f English translation of numerals in Chinese classical poems. Keywords: Chinese numerals; semantic fuzziness; translation in Chinese classical poems 汉语语义模糊数字及在诗词中的翻译 摘要：明确、清楚的语言表达通常是所有语言使用者的理想境界,然而,由于主、客观方面的种种原因,模糊现象广泛存在于人类语言之中,成为所有自然语言的一大本质特性。作为人类语言的一个重要组成部分,数字也不可避免地具有这一特性:模糊性。模糊语言理论为数字模糊语义翻译开辟了新的途径。英汉数字在民间语言和文学作品中具有模糊语义，重在表义、言情、显势。本文从英汉数字模糊语义出发，结合中国古典诗词的翻译探讨数字模糊语义的翻译原则和翻译方法，寄望于对模糊语言研究和模糊语义数字翻译研究有所启示。 关键词:模糊语义；汉语数字；中国古典诗词翻译 1. 引言 数是观念和符号的结合,它的基本功能是计算,但数字不独属于数学王国,它除了表示事物的数量或顺序外,还广泛应用于成语或词组中,作为夸张或比喻的修辞手段,使语言凝炼生动、生辉添色,达到言简意赅,渲染气氛的效果。在人们心灵的语言世界里,它的功能是表义,许多数字经过泛化,抒情达意、增强语势,是虚数。这种泛化的虚数,就是数字的语义模糊现象。 美国教授查德( L. A. Zadch) 提出的“模糊语言”的理论，在语言学界曾引起过广泛
Confucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius compiled many literary works of ancient times, including The Book of Songs ,The Book of Documents, and The Books of Changes. His saying and behaviors were compiled in The Analects of Confucius by his disciples. His ideology has been absorbed and carried composing the essential part of Chinese traditional ideology. It was also spread into the border regions and areas building up a circle of Confucianism. UNESCO labeled him one of the “Ten Culture Celebrities”. 孔子 孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，《诗经》《尚书》《周易》等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在《论语》中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到周边国家，形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。 Beijing Opera Beijing Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In development Beijing Opera has formed a number of fictitious props. For instance a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props involved , an actor may perform going upstairs or downstairs opening or closing a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audience an impression with graceful movements. There are four main roles sheng dan jing and chou. A sheng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial makeup ,for example, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile. 京剧 京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼、下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.
山东农业大学外国语学院 《中国文化外译》课程论文 题目：浅谈英语中习语的翻译姓名： C X 班级：英语四班 学号： 2 0 1 0 4 2 7 9 日期：2010年6月27号
浅谈英语中习语的翻译 On the Translation of English Idioms C X (College of Foreign Languages, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018) 摘要:习语包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语、惯用语，以及部分粗俗语及俚语等。习 语是语言中最生动形象、凝练多姿的部分，集中体现了民族文化积淀。由于汉英传统习 惯及思想方法等方面有显著差异,反映在成语的形象、含义及用法上也大不相同，只有 通过适当的翻译技巧和方法,才能使译英两族在历史文化背景文既能保持原文的特色, 又能清楚地表达意思。 关键词:习语;文化差异;习语翻译 Abstract: An idiom is a phrase which is an established and fixed part of a particular language. Idioms are the essence of language; they bear the cultural characteristics and cultural information of a nation. The culture differences reflected in idioms are mainly shown in four aspects. To solve this problem, proper methods should be used to make the translated versions both keep the national features and convey the meaning of the original. Key words: idioms;cultural differences;idiom translation 1、习语的含义、特点 1,1习语的含义 习语一般指那些常用在一起，具有特定形式的词组，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。习语通常包括成语、俗语、格言、歇后语、谚语、俚语、行话等。其表现形式音节优美，音律协调，或含蓄幽默，或严肃典雅，言简意赅，形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。习语是语言的精华，它带有浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。 Definition of idioms
如何用英文介绍中国传统文化 春节文化 In the old days, New Year's money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth。 辞旧岁：bid farewell to the old year 扫房：spring cleaning; general house-cleaning 新春佳节 1.传统中国节日：traditional Chinese festival 2.农历：lunar calendar 3.腊八节：Laba Festival 4.小年：Little New Year 5.除夕：Lunar New Year's Eve 6.春节：the Spring Festival 7.正月初一：Lunar New Year's Day 8.元宵节：the Lantern Festival 9.正月：the first month of the lunar year 10.二月二：Dragon Heads-raising Day 传统习俗 11.喝腊八粥：eat Laba porridge 12.扫尘：sweep the dust 13.扫房：spring cleaning 14.祭灶：offer sacrifices to the God of Kitchen 15.守岁：stay up 16.拜年：pay a New Year's call 17.祭祖：offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 18.祭财神：worship the God of Wealth 19.春联：Spring Festival couplets 20.贴倒福：paste the Chinese character "Fu" upside down 21.去晦气：get rid of the ill-fortune 22.辞旧岁：bid farewell to the old year 23.兆头：omen 24.禁忌：taboo 25.烧香：burn incense 阖家团圆
一、对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有开拓变化和团结凝聚的寓意。 (1) 对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for over 8,000 years. (2) 中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) as a fetish that combine s animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. (3) 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. (4) 在中国人的心目中，龙具有开拓变化和团结凝聚的寓意。 To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.
二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。 (1) 秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。 Yangko is one of the traditional folk dances of Han nationality in China. It is usually performed in Northern provinces. (2) 秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。 The dancers usually wear / are dressed in colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. (3) 在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。 During some festivals such as the Spring Festival, the
概述 中华民族是一个古老的民族，也是一个有深厚文化底蕴的民族。中国的传统艺术门类繁多、雅俗共赏，从悠扬动人的民间音乐到细腻缠绵的地方戏曲，从疏洁淡雅的水墨画到刚柔并济的书法，无不闪烁着智慧之光，令人赞叹不已。 舞狮 舞狮大约起源于南北朝时期，到了唐朝，狮子舞已发展为上百人集体表演的大型歌舞。 舞狮在中国是一项传统体育项目，也是一种传统文化艺术，从北方到南方，从城市到乡村，逢年过节及庆典盛事，都可以看到欢快的舞狮。民间认为舞狮可以很好地把百姓的欢喜心情表达出来，也最能烘托热闹气氛。舞狮尤以广东地区一带最为盛行。用来舞动的狮子外形威武，动作刚劲，神态多变，广东人称它为“醒狮”。 中国百姓对狮子有图腾般的崇敬感，狮子在民间有很多传说，其位置仅次于龙，因此舞狮也就带有了不少神秘色彩。人们相信狮子是吉祥瑞兽，而舞狮能够带来好运，所以每逢节日和喜庆活动，都会舞狮助兴，祈求吉利和如意。专用于节庆场合纳福迎祥的舞狮，代代相传，从古代民间传统的娱乐活动，发展成为具有健身功能的体育运动。舞龙和舞狮的热闹场面在中国的电影中也是很常见的。 吉祥图案 中国民间，流传着许多含有吉祥意义的图案。每到年节或喜庆的日子，人们都喜欢用这些吉祥图案装饰自己的房间和物品，以表示对幸福生活的向往，对良辰佳节的庆贺。 中国的吉祥图案始于距今3000多年前的周代，后来在民间流传开来。今天，吉祥图案任然是中国人生活中不可缺少的内容。 中国的吉祥图案内容及其广泛，这里介绍最常见的几种：：“双喜”字，是双喜临门，大吉大利的意思，民间常在办喜事时采用。 “寿”字，字头经过加工美化，变成对称的图案，是长寿的意思。“福寿双全”，是由蝙蝠和寿字组成的图案。“蝠”与“福”同音。表示幸福长寿。 两个“有”字组成的对称图案，意思是顺也有，倒也有。在中国农村常用来贴在收藏谷物的器具上，表示丰收富裕。“百吉”，也叫“盘长”。它无头无尾，无始无终，可以想象为许多个“结”，谐“百吉”之音，作为百事吉祥如意的象征，也有福寿延绵，永无休止的意思。“五福捧寿”，图案中5个蝙蝠环绕一个寿字。五福是长寿、富贵、康宁、道德、善终。“四合如意”，4个如意从四面围拢勾连起来，象征诸事如意。 小孩儿满月与抓周 在中国，小孩儿的满月酒和抓周仪式独具特色。在孩子的成长过程中，这两
中国传统文化外译三思 在“中国文化走出去、走进来”的语境下，中国传统文化外译要坚持文化自信，深入思考“译什么”“谁来译”“怎么译”的问题。这三个问题是中国传统文化外译的基本理论问题，学界常思常新。2018年，学界在这些问题上提出了一系列新思考、新论点。 第一，关于“译什么”。其中包括中华典籍外译和文化术语外译。术语外译是教育部、国家语委牵头实施的“中华思想文化术语传播工程（以下简称术语工程）”带动的研究热点。学界认为，典籍外译的内容选择要兼顾经典性与流行性（这个流行性是指国外读者感兴趣、在国外读者中流行的中国典籍），要坚持少而精、精而准。同时，有学者介绍了术语工程筛选术语的原则，工程尤其关注那些在国际文化交流与传播中使用频度较高、具有国际交流与传播价值的词语，以及对建构当代中国对外话语体系和价值体系有重要参考价值的重要概念和关键词语，比如“厚德载物”“道法自然”“天人合一”“和而不同”“民惟邦本”“经世致用”等。这些既是中华思想文化中的核心术语，又代表了当今世界文明的发展趋势。 第二，关于“谁来译”。这一直是一个需要在“把母语翻译成外语”还是“把外语翻译成母语”之间进行思辨的问题，2018年，有学者指出，术语工程是“把母语翻译成外语”，要通过翻译把中华文化的话语权牢牢掌握在自己手里；当然术语工程也邀请了很多以目的语为母语的外国专家加入，中外合作翻译是优选项。我们进一步认为，国家主导推动相关翻译工程，比如术语工程，不仅增强了这一策略的可行性，而且提升了其规划性、组织性、系统性和有效性。 第三，关于“怎么译”。2018年，学界的新思考是，要以深入浅出为要求，把握学术型翻译与普及型翻译的关系，以自然化翻译策略平衡归化与异化的关系，以深度翻译法促进跨文化理解与认同。而关于术语翻译，有学者介绍，工程在推进过程中，对音译还是意译进行了深入的探讨，最后形成共识：要想更广泛地传播中华思想文化，让外国读者更方便地了解中华思想文化术语，能意译的尽量意译，不能意译的再取音译，或用“音译+意译”的方式。实际上，术语工程除了译什么、谁来译、怎么译这三个问题，还有两个问题，一是术语诠释、二是术语传播，2018年的相关研究也十分值得关注。
摘要 本文以《红楼梦》的影响最大的两部译本中文化词语的翻译为例讨论了在翻译过程中保留文化信息的重要性。相比之下杨译本多采用异化的译法，霍译本更倾向于归化的译法。虽然译者在翻译中遵循了不同的指导原则，但他们传递原文中所承载着的文化的使命却是相同的。译者只有深刻理解并有效表达深层文化信息，才能完成文化传递的任务。这也是衡量文学名著译文质量的重要标准。 Abstract In this paper, we discuss the importance of cultural information in the translation of the two part of the "dream of the Red Chamber" .In contrast to Yang's translation, the translation of Huo’s are more inclined to domestication. Although the translators follow different guiding principles in translation, they convey the same mission of the original culture. Only by deeply understanding and effectively expressing the deep cultural information, can the task of cultural transmission be accomplished. This is also an important standard to measure the quality of literary works. 关键词:《红楼梦》直译音译 Keywords: A story of the stone Literal translation Transliterating 一、前言 《红楼梦》是中国文学的典范之作，凝聚了中国文化，描述了中国的社会、经济和习俗，成为外国人了解中国文化与社会的重要窗口，因此，《红楼梦》的翻译至关重要。中外许多著名的翻译家都做了不同的尝试。到现在为止反响最大、最能得到学术界认同的《红楼梦》译本是霍克斯翻译的A Story of the Stone和杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇合译的A Dream of Red Mansions。两个版本的翻译都十分精彩，成为研究英译翻译策略的最佳案例。不过两个版本的翻译中有很多不同的地方，而翻译的不同代表着某种深层文化的不同，本文试图浅析这种不同的文化因素。 霍克斯和杨宪益在翻译这些中国的特有的文化现象的时候，采用的翻译策略也有所不同。霍克斯更多的考虑译入语读者的需要，多采用的意译的方法，也就是翻译理论界的归化的方法。将中国的传统文化化入英语语言文化中，将不同的历史文化高明的融合在一起。这样能够使得《红楼梦》更好的被英语读者所接受。使得它在世界范围内更好的传播。但是霍克斯的翻译方法，毕竟是一个将源语言中特有的文化现象归化进入译入语中，有时候就会出