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高中教案英语句子成分析资料讲解

高中教案英语句子成分析资料讲解
高中教案英语句子成分析资料讲解

英语句子成分

I教学内容

英语句子八种成分

英语简单句基本句型

II 教学目标

1.知识目标:学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型

2.能力目标:简单句基本句型的识别和运用

3.情感目标:通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习,为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下坚

实的基础,树立起学好英语的信心。

III 教学重难点及方法

1.教学重点:理解英语中构成各成分的词性

2.教学难点:学习和运用基本句型

3.教学方法:explaining, discovering & practicing

IV 教学步骤

Step1 significance

英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成,环环相扣,相辅相成,英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置,可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候,我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组,与此同时,句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位,因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。

学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的,并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分,学好了该部分的知识,对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助,只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型,我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子,才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。

Step2 the sentence elements

英语句子成分可分为8种:

主语(subject); 谓语动词(predicate); 表语(predicative);宾语(object);宾语补足语(object complement);定语(attribute);状语(adverbial);主语补足语(subject complement)

一.主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分,往往由名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。

1.Walls have ears. →名词

2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词

3.Three and four is seven. →数词

4.To see is to believe. →To do 不定时

5.Smoking is not all owed in public places. →Doing 动名词

6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子

T:相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的,关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。要注意非谓语动词形式和句子作主语的情况。

二.谓语

T: 谓语由什么来充当呢?

S:动词

T: 不错,谓语的确是由动词来充当的,具体来说是什么样的动词呢?

S1:be动词和实义动词

S2:及物动词和不及物动词

S3:系动词和实义动词

T:非常好,你们的回答都是正确的,谓语除了由动词构成,还可以由动词短语以及助动词/情态动词+动词来组成。

1.Action speaks louder than words.

2.The chance may not come again.

3.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 199

4.

三.表语:位于系动词之后,构成系表结构,说明主语的特质,特征,状态等。注:系动词又叫连系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作主语。

常见的系动词:

“状态”类:be

“变化”类:get/become/turn/grow/go

“感官”类:taste/smell/look/sound/fell

“持续”类:stay/keep/remain

其他:(似乎)seem/appear

(证明是)prove/turn out to be

表语常由形容词(adj.),名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,介词短语,to do 不定式,句子构成。

1.Everything here is expensive. →adj.

2.My father is a professor. →n.

3.Who’s that? It’s me. →pron.

4.Three times five is fifteen. →数词

5.The story of my life may be of help to others. →介词短语

6.His plan is to seek work in the city. →to do

7.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. →句子

四.宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。

位置:一般放在动词/动词短语之后介词之后

宾语往往由名词,代词,动名词,数词,to do不定式,句子,介词+名词充当

1.She covered her face with her hands. →名词

2.We haven’t seen her for a long time. →pron

3.Do you mind opening the window? →动名词

4.Give me four please. →数词

5.He wants to dream a nice dream. →to do

6.We need to know what others are doing. →句子

7.We should care more about our friends. →介词+名词

五.定语:修饰名词

位置:

定语常由名词,名词所有格,数词,形容词,序数词,to do形式,现在分词doing和句子来充当。

1.They are women workers. →n.

2.Tom’s father didn’t have a car. →名词所有格

3.Mary is a beautiful girl. →adj.

4.The play has three act s. →数词

5.This is her first trip to Europe. →adj./序/ to do

6.China is a developing country. →doing

7.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. →从句

六.状语:表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。

1.I left the village five years ago. →时间状语

2.The best fish swim near the bottom. →地点状语

3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.→原因状语

4.We’ll send a car to fetch you.→目的状语

5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bone. 结果状语

6.If he goes, so will I.→条件状语

7.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.→让步状语

8.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.→伴随状语

七.宾语补足语:英语有些及物动词(vt),接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义,状态等。

“宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语

宾语常常由名词,形容词,介词短语,非谓语动词来充当

1.They elected me captain of the team. →n.

2.We try to make our country strong.→adj.

3.We found everything in good order there.→介词短语

4.I should advice you to get the chance.→to do

5.I saw him going upstairs. →现在分词doing

6.They found the house broken in. →done

八.主语补足语。如过上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语变成主语,原宾补→主补

1.I was elected captain of the team.

2.Our country will be made strong.

Step3. Practicing

将下列句子翻译成汉语并找出它们的主语,说出是什么词充当的主语。

1.Little streams feed big rivers. (小河流入大江)

2.He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑)

3.Smoking is bad for your health. (吸烟对你的健康不利)

4.The disabled are to receive more money. (残疾人得到了更多的救济金)

5.Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你无论什么时候准备好都行)

翻译下列句子并划出各部分的句子成分

1.I am reading.

2.The plane took off at ten o’clock. 谓语、状语

3.All I could do was to wait. To do 作表语

4.She is in good health. 介词短语作表语

5.This is where I first met her. 表语从句

6.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 主补

7.He must be the best violinist alive. 定语

8.We have two children, a boy and a girl. (一男一女)同位语

9.They all wanted to see him. Pron.作同位语

10.She plays the piano. 宾语

11.She likes to go to the cinema this afternoon.

12.Leave the door open. 宾补

13.We found John out when we arrive. 宾补

Step4 simple sentence structure

基本句型:主语+系+表语

主语+谓语

主语+谓语+宾语

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

主语+ 谓语+宾语+宾补

1.主语+系动词+表语S+V+P

Eg:our city is at the crossing of some important railways.

The city will become rich.

Practicing:

(1)你的故事听起来很有趣。

(2)把鱼放在冰箱里,否则它会变坏。

(3)这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。

(4)这个计划证明是可行的。

2.主语+谓语(vi)

Eg:Building has started.

The train leaves at 7:40.

动词副词搭配:The teacher teaches well.

The child walks very slowly.

动词介词搭配:The girl looked at the picture.

The children ran to the forest.

Practicing:

小鸟在树上欢快的唱歌,鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏,我玩的很开心。

3.主语+谓语+宾语S+V+O

Eg: The boss employed five more workers.

My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.

He forgot to close the door.

Practicing:

(1)他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。

(2)他拿出一瓶啤酒,很快将其喝光。

(3)他许诺给我一个礼物。

4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Eg: He has fetched us some new textbooks.

Grandma cooked us a nice meal.

The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.

归纳:接双宾语的常见词有:ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise

Practicing:

(1)顺便问一下,他把钱给你了吗?

(2)下学期谁教你们生物?

(3)Mr. White 告诉我为什么出国。

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

Eg:The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.

We found him a very good pupil.

Practicing:

(1)我建议他多读点书

(2)他修了机器。

(3)我们选他当班长。

Step5. Summary

学习英语句子中的成分并学会在句子中去划分成分,对于后期我们处理长难句非常有帮助。通过判断和划分句子成分,找到句子主干,就可以充分的,正确的理解复杂的句子。同时在写作中也不易犯语法错误,尤其是在写长句时。解决选择题也是一样,分析句子成分,明确横线处缺什么成分,应该用什么性质的词来担当该成分,那么问题就迎刃而解了。

举例:Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “ that’s I was born.”

A.When

B. how

C. why

D. where

解析:很明显,that’s I was born.是一个主系表结构,缺表语,再来看I was born 是一个句子,那说明是用句子来作表语,根据意思“医院”和“我出身”

是什么关系?→“我出身在这个医院”是“我出身”的地方,那么肯定是用where 来引导的一个地点状语从句。

You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different disabilities.

We found the hall full.

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People’s Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大堂里坐满了学生和老师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

课后反思

1.I can swim very well.

2.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.

3.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.

4.Jim asked you give his best wishes to everyone.

5.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.

6.I have a lot of clothes to be washed.

7.My being late worried my teacher.

8.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us.

9.His uncle left him some money.

10.April’s Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone.

高中英语句子成分详细归纳

英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,

英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句 一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如: (1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了 (2)、Things │change.事物是变化的。 (3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 (4)、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如: (5)、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 (6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 (7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 (8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 (9)、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案?

高中英语公开课教案

公开课教案 Xxx Model 1 How Good Are Your Social Skills? Lear ning Aims: 1. Learn some words related to social manners. 2. Get a gen eral un dersta nding of social skills using differe nt readi ng strategies 3. Be able to summarize some basic social skills mentioned in the passage and thus improve their own social techniques Step 1 lead-in What kind of book is it from? A. a bus in ess course

B. a how-to book teach ing social skills Step 2 while- readi ng Skip to get the main idea of each paragraph. Lear n how to do small talk Develop your liste ning skill. Lear n the rules. The gen eral idea is _____ . A. social skills B. liste ning skills C. talk skills D. social rules Step 3 read the passage carefully to get some detailed in formati on. 1. We will not be shy if we have good ____________ . 2. Accord ing to paragraph land 2 ,We should ______ . A. avoid talk ing to some one whom you know B. lack the con fide nce to talk to a stra nger C. talk con fide ntly to a stra nger 3. Communication is a __________ process」t invoIves _______ and ________ . Step 4post- readi ng

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

[标准高中英语教案]高中英语教案优秀教案

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练习题:划分下列句子的句子成分及句子类型。 1.The students got on the school bus. 2.I shall answer your question after class. 3.They went hunting together early in the morning. 4.There is going to be an American film tonight. 5.He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 6.Tom came to ask me for advice. 7.Hw noticed a man enter the room. 8.All the students think highly of his teaching. 9.We will make our school more beautiful. 10.He asked us to sing an English song. 11.Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 12.Would you please pass me the cup ? 13.He managed to finish the work on time. 14.They named the child Jimmy. 15.The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 16.This is where I first met her. 17.I heard the window broken just now. 18.He pretended not to see me. 19.Our monitor is always the first to leave the classroom. 20.He went out to play football after he had finished his

英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

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