当前位置:文档之家› 高中英语句子成分分析讲义+练习

高中英语句子成分分析讲义+练习

高中英语句子成分分析讲义+练习
高中英语句子成分分析讲义+练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence)

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

一:SV(主+谓)

二:SVP(主+系+表)

三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S│V(不及物动词)

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢?

6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

S│V(是系动词)│P

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

S│V(及物动词)│O

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!"

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:

Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.

S│V(及物)│o(多指人)│O(多指物)

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片

6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格+ 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格+ 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格+ 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

S│V(及物)│O(宾语)│C(宾补)

1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。

2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色

3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?

6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语

一、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语

中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no 构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:

Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、

时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之

前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl 的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'

副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语:

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的

成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子

独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应

有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。

例:

错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.

正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.

或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如:

Game (being) over,he went home.

He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

句子成分练习题( 一)

(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C.go

D. bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C. in

D. music

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B.did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语

①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

答案

(一)①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do

(二)①B②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C⑨A⑩A

(三)①homework.②English.③attention④words ⑤to go swimming⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor ⑧bridgemuseum⑨it

school.⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.

(四)①tired.②worried③yellow.④i nterested⑤the first

(五)①family ②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe!

(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③difficult④Lily⑤get on the bus⑥playing football

(七)①on her face.②Every night ③when he was eleven.

④too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm⑥because she loves books.⑦if you’ve lost it⑧to see the other machine.

(八)①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语

②me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语

④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语

句子成分练习题( 二)

指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:

1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .

2. People’s standards of living are going upsteadily .

3. That was how they were defeated.

4.The nursery takes good care of our children .

5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .

6.We are sure that we shall succeed .

7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .

8.There are many film that I’d like to see.

9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?

10.I have a lot of work to do .

11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .

12.I said it in fun .

13.We can send a car over to fetch you .

14.She had to work standing up .

15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .

16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .

17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .

18.We should serve the people heart and soul.

19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .

20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .

21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .

22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .

23.It was in the library that I come today .

24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .

25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

句子成分练习题( 三)

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V (主+谓) 二:S V P (主+系+表) 三:S V O (主+谓+宾) 四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S V(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一 排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短 木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词(如the rich) 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. (2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

高一英语经典句子

高一英语经典句子 导读:本文是关于句子大全的文章,如果觉得很不错,欢迎点评和分享! 1、理想是人生价值的动力,拼搏是人生价值的目标,进取是人生价值的体现。我们要以平凡的人生,创造出不平凡的事迹,让光芒永存,让光辉伴随着岁月而绽放。 Ideal is the motive force of life value, struggle is the goal of life value, and enterprising is the embodiment of life value. We should create extraordinary deeds with ordinary life, let the light last forever, let the glory blossom with the years. 2、没有谁的一生是一帆风顺的,在人生中难免会走一些弯路,它是人生的一部分,如果没有它,我们就无法体会到人生的意义,就不会懂得珍惜人生。只有经历了,才会悟出人生的真理,才会懂得珍惜。 No one's life is smooth sailing, in life will inevitably take some detours, it is a part of life, without it, we can not understand the meaning of life, will not know how to cherish life. Only through experience can we realize the truth of life and appreciate it. 3、挫折是成功的驿站,而承受就是走向下一站的脚步和力量。只要你肯努力走下去,一定会阳光灿烂。

高中英语句子成分分析_直接打印版

句子成分及基本句型(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

英语50个经典句子

1.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。 2.Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢? 3.Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。 4.Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5.In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 6.The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 7.It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning. 简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。 8.With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors. 随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。 9.The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken. 诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。 10.The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。 11.Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red. 酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。 12.Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。 13.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality. 理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。 14.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises. 儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。15.Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

英语句子成分分析复习课程

英语句子成分分析

句子成分(Sentence Members) 句子成分和结构是英语的基础,是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的,这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用,叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的,不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。 1).The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. 2).There is an old man coming here. 3).The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4).To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) 练一练:选出句中谓语的中心词。 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. 收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除

高中英语经典句子

一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语中句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语, 宾语补足语,定语,状语等。在句子中的顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1.主语 主语是句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 Tom is good at playing football. 汤姆擅长踢足球。 2.谓语 谓语主要说明主语的动作,状态或特征。由动词(或短语动词)构成,可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 We are studying English now. 我们现在正在学英语。 3.表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词be之后,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 4.宾语 宾语表示动作或行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有:名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 另外,有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me a book. 他给我一本书。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成 复合宾语。

We elected him monitor. 我们选他做班长。 5.定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在 被修饰词的前面。 He is a new student. 他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则通常放在被修饰词之后。 The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。 6.状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词, 介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语 时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 We will have the meeting in the big hall. 我们将在那个大厅里开会。 7. 同位语 用于说明前面某一个名词或代词的内容的成分就叫同位语。通常由名词、名词词组、 反身代词、同位语从句充当。 Tom, monitor of our class, is always doing well in the exam. 汤姆,我们班的班长,考试总是考得很好。 二、句子种类 从句子的结构来讲,句子分为简单句,并列句和复合句三类。 (一)简单句 由一个主语(或者并列主语)和一个谓语(或者并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句。 简单句分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种。

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

高中英语经典句子汇总

经典句子 1. We were having a meeting when he broke in. 我们正在开会,这时他闯了进来。 2. I was about to go to bed when there was a knock on the door. 我刚要去睡觉,这时有人敲门。 3. I had just got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家天就下起雨来。 4. To our great surprise, we got twice as many people to attend the meeting as we expected. 使我们非常惊奇的是,参加会议的人数是我们预想中的人数的两倍。 5. The road is four times longer than that one. 这条路比那条路长四倍。 6. Our school is three times the size of that in the past. 我们学校是过去的三倍大 7. Go straight ahead and you'll see the post office. 一直往前走,你就会看见邮局。 8. Listen carefully or you'll miss something important. 认真听,否则你会漏掉一些重要内容。 9. One more hour and I will finish it. 再给我一个小时,我就能做完了 10. They love having lots of friends; so do I. 他们喜欢交很多朋友,我也是如此。 11. He said he would come to see me the next day and so he did. 他说第二天要来看我,他确实来了。 12. It won't do them any good, but it won't do them any harm either. 这对他们没好处,但也没什么害处。 13. He hasn't been abroad. Neither have I. 他没有出过国,我也没有。 14.—Mary likes playing the piano, but she can't play it well. 玛丽喜欢弹钢琴,但是她弹得不好。 —So it is with/It's the same with her brother. 她的哥哥也是这样。 15. As soon as she arrives, I'll tell her. 她一到,我就告诉她。 16. I left immediately the clock struck 5. 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。 17. The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming. 我一听到那个声音,就知道父亲来了。 18. No sooner (Hardly) had he arrived home than (when) he was asked to start on another journey. 他一到家就被要求再次出发。 19. On/Upon arriving at the airport, the film star was warmly welcomed. 一到机场,这位影星就受到热烈欢迎。 20. On their arrival at the village, they found themselves surrounded by the enemy. 一到达村庄,他们就发现被敌人包围了。 21. Although I had much difficulty in raising money, I didn't lose heart. 尽管我筹集资金遇到了困难,但我没失去信心。 22. While I agree with you, I don't believe your way is best. 尽管我同意你的看法,但我不认为你的方法是最好的。 23. Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it. 尽管他很喜欢那辆自行车,但不想买它。 24. In spite of/Despite many difficulties, we managed to finish the project on time.

高中英语句子成分分析大全

英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语),表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语),补语及呼语。 一.主语:是一句话的中心,整句话都谈它的情况。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。) 这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或者状态。谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. (他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如:I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) 这句话中a book 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。 如:This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语,修饰sun. 又如:His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰work。 六.状语:是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。区别状语与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。 如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

高考高中英语经典句子精编

高考高中英语经典句子精编 A. 1.宁静的乡村生活从来对我没有任何的吸引力。(Never, appeal ----Never has the quite life of the countrypealed to me. (句型 2.他很快适应了新的工作环境,并着手开始保护濒危动物的工作。(adapt ----He soon adapted himself to the new working condi tions and set out to protect the animals in danger. 3.他承认他对解决资金短缺问题的关键一无所知。(admi t ----He admitted that he knew nothing about the key to the problem of the shortage of fund. 4.该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(ap ply ----Students should be encouraged to apply what we h ave learned in class to practice.

5.几乎人人能享用电脑,这给我们的生活带来了方便。(a ccess ----Now almost everybody has access to computers,and this brings convenience to our lives. 6.这些广告旨在吸引消费者购买商品。(appeal ----These advertisements aim at appealing to customers to buy goods. 7.各色阳伞给夏日的街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to ----Colourful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in t he summer streets. 8.他网球比赛输了,因为他不习惯与左撇子打球。(accust om ----She was beaten in the tennis match for she was no t accustomed to playing with the left-handers. 9.彩灯与彩旗增添了节日的气氛。(add ----The colourful lights and flags added to(=increased t he atmosphere of the festival. 10.我们必须意识中国正在国际事务中起着越来越重要的作用。(aware ----We must be aware that China is playing a more an d more important role/part in the international affairs.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档