当前位置:文档之家› 从英语习语看中西文化差异

从英语习语看中西文化差异

从英语习语看中西文化差异
从英语习语看中西文化差异

从英语习语看中西文化差异

Ⅰ.选题背景

语言是人类最宝贵的财富,在日常的生活中,是不可缺少的的,是用来表达思想,传递感情的交际工具。语言现象的背后有着深邃的哲理,它反映着不同地域,不同国家,各个民族的社会文化习俗,历史地理环境,宗教信仰和价值观念。因此从一个人的语言就能看出他所属的社会集团。

习语是语言的精华部分,集中反映着语言的特点。在英美国家,英语习语使用人群广泛,使用的频率很高。汉英民族历史悠久,文化灿烂,都有着极为丰富的习语。英语习语具有简明,精炼,短小,幽默,风趣且富有哲理的特点,从各个方面反映西方的文化。

一代又一代的语言学家们孜孜不倦的对英语习语从来源和功能上进行研究,同时也有许多成果。最著名的最具有代表性的是史密斯在1925年出版的《词与习语》一书,他主要研究习语的来源并进行了分类,结构和特征,但很少接处到习语的意义和解释。20世纪30年代到50年代中期,受到索绪尔的结构主义语言学理论的影响和和以布龙菲尔德为代表的结构主义语言学的迅速发展的影响,习语的研究结合结构主义为基础的词汇,语义,句法理论。在这一时期最具有代表的是霍克特的对习语的研究,他强调了习语语境的作用。50年代以后,习语的研究开始结合生成转换语言学理论,强调了习语的深层结构。语言学家弗雷泽提出了习语的转换潜力,并发现大部分习语具有不同程度的转换不足。

近些年来,习语的研究可以分为两个部分,横纵两向:一是单词习语,短语习语和句子习语。另一方面是习语的共现,习语性等级,习语意义明晰度等的研究。目前,习语的研究主要是关于习语的文化,习语功能与习语的语用方面。代表作有澳大利亚人费尔南多的《习语与习语特征》;张国扬,平洪的《英语习语与英美文化》,常晨光《英语习语与人际关系》,张振华《英语习语的文化内涵及其语用研究》。他们都对习语的研究做出了巨大贡献。

Ⅱ.研究目的和意义

目的:语言属于目标文化并且反映它。英语习语是英语国家语言的核心和精华,它的形成并非一朝一夕,而是随着英美国家社会和人类的发展变化逐渐的积累起来的,它反映着社会的方方面面。在社会动荡时习语的变化发展就快,而在社会平和安定时习语的变化发展就相对的慢一些。因此研究英语习语是不可或缺的,也是这么多年致力于英语研究人员必不可少的研究。

本文的目的之一就是要从多个方面发掘英语习语的内在意义。尽管前人对英语习语进行了很多研究,但本文将涉及地理环境,饮食习惯,历史典故,宗教信仰,认知习惯等多个方面去研究,为习语研究增添了一笔。

意义:英美国家人们使用英语习语的频率很高,因为英语习语是历史的积淀,而且习语的特点奠定了习语用起来既方便,又形象生动,能准确地反映了使用者想表达的意思。因此英语习语只看字面意思是很难理解的,往往会理解错误,而且大量的使用导致了学习英语的学

生有很大的阻碍

本文通过对英语习语的研究来对比中西文化的差异,从此角度可以帮助学习者加深对习语中体现的英美国家文化的理解,从中西文化的不同中更深刻的理解英语习语的深层意义。同时也可以提高学习者对英语学习的兴趣和英语水平,也可以提高老师使用语篇进行教学的方法。

Ⅲ.研究内容

1.阐述语言的定义

1.1阐述英语习语的定义

1.1.1介绍英语习语的各种类别

1.1.2介绍英语习语的特征

1.1.3介绍英语习语的功能

1.2阐述文化的定义

1.2.1英语习语体现的西方历史发展和地理环境

1.2.2英语习语体现的西方宗教信仰和价值取向

1.2.3英语习语体现的西方饮食习惯和文化

1.3总结学习英语习语的意义

2.概述中国习语文化

2.1举例说明英语习语反映的中西文化不同之处

2.1.1总结论文中心论点

Ⅳ.研究方法

通过网络搜集英语习语和中西文化的资料,如发表的文章等,积累

素材。阅读有关英语习语和文化的专著,通过图书馆进行搜集。寻求导师帮助。

Ⅴ.参考文献

白茹雪.从英语习语探中西民俗文化差异[J].作家杂志.2001(12). 车庆华.从英汉动物习语看中西方文化差异[J].中国校外教育报.2011(3).

顾超群.英语习语文化内涵上的差异及研究意义[J].绍兴文理学院学报.1991(3).

何琳琳.从英语习语看中西方价值观的差异[J].考试周刊.2007.

刘艳芹.从英语习语看不同民族的文化差异[J.]平原大学学报.2006(4)

卢梅英.汉习语文化差异及其翻译[J].西南科技大学学报.2005(2). 聂荧彬.从英语习语看中英文化差异[J].科技创新导报.2011(8).

平洪,张国扬《英语习语与英美文化》[M].外语教学与研究出版社.2000.

彭晓蓉.从学习汉英习语中了解中西文化差异[J].大众科技报.2004(5).

王奇民.《英美社会与文化》[M].科学出版社.2008.

肖东光.英语习语与英美文化研究[J].绥化学院学报.2006(6).

杨芳.英语习语的文化内涵[J].盐城师范学院学报.2002(3).

张振华.《英语习语的文化内涵及其语用研究》[M].外语教学与研究出版社.2007.

张若兰.英语习语的特点及其文化差异[J].西安外国语学院学报.2003(6).

周正履.英语习语的特点初探[J].西安电子科技大学学报.200299). Ⅵ.写作进度

第一阶段:2012年12月中旬~2013年1月7日论文选题

第二阶段:2013年1月8日~2013年2月24日搜集论文材料

第三阶段:2013年2月25日~2013年3月4日完成开题报告

第四阶段:2013年3月5日~2013年4月5日进行论文初稿写作第五阶段:2013年4月6日~2013年4月12日对论文进行检查,修改,调整

第六阶段:2013年4月15日~2013年4月26日完成论文

第七阶段:2013年4月29日~2013年6月上旬上交论文并答辩

英美文化考题翻译

UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY 1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not. United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。 (注:北爱尔兰是英国的一部分,而英国位于西欧,即Western Europe,是一个岛国) 2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F ) 英国包含四个政治分区,分别是英格兰,苏格兰,威尔士和爱尔兰。 (注:爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家,此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island,这才是英国的一个地区。) 3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F ) 英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。 (注:不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛; 英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,有大不列颠岛上的英格兰,苏格兰,威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿,英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。) 4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。 (注:由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成,大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛) 5.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. ( F ) 威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的东海岸。

初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc

About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?

中西节日文化差异英文

中西节日文化差异英文公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's

趣味英语习语 (英美文化内涵类)

趣味英语习语(英美文化内涵类) 1. Pandora’s box潘多拉的盒子灾祸之源 2.Cast sheep’s eyes to someone向某人投羊眼向某人递秋波 3.On the carpet在地毯上在考虑中,受训斥 4.Bury one’s head in the sand把某人的头埋在沙子里采取逃避态度 5.Heads will roll头要滚了有人要倒霉了 6.feather in cap炫耀 7.get up from the wrong side of the bed心情不好 8.meet one’s waterloo遭遇惨败,败走麦城 9.all at sea茫然若失 10.to strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁 11.be/feel under the weather感觉不舒服/生病 12.kill two birds with one stone一石两鸟 13.beat generation迷惘的一代 14.pour cats and dogs倾盆大雨 15.play cards close to one’s chest保守秘密 16.the lion’s share最大的份额 17.man Friday忠仆,得力助手 18.pond of flesh合情但悖于情理的要求莎士比亚 19.Judas’s kiss犹大之吻(比喻出卖朋友) 20.much cry and little wool雷声大,雨点小

21.naked truth原原本本的事实,赤裸裸的事实(真理与谎言一起洗澡,谎言穿上真理的衣离开,真理宁愿裸着身体也不愿穿谎言的衣服) 22 .kill the goose that laid the golden eggs杀鸡取卵、涸泽而鱼 23.sour grapes聊以自慰的话(狐狸吃不到葡萄就说葡萄是酸的有点类似于中国的阿Q精神) 24.bell the cat替别人冒风险(老鼠要给猫、带上铃铛的寓言故事) 25.cat’paw被别人利用的人(猴子想吃火中的栗子,骗猫为其火中取栗的故事) 26.man for all seasons博学多才适应性强的人(英国政治家、作家托马斯莫尔博学多才适应性强) 27.Mickey mouse米老鼠(无关紧要的人物) 28.skeleton at the feast居安思危(扫兴的家伙或事物。埃及古代习俗凡重大宴会都要在席上显眼处访放一具骷髅,借以提醒到会宾客居安思危,不忘苦难和死亡) 29.as wise as owls聪明(西方人认为猫头鹰是聪明智慧的象征) 30.as quite as mouse安静如鼠非常安静 31.as timid as rabbit胆小如鼠 32. no spring chicken已不再年轻的女人 33.reap what one has sowed种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆 bed of roses舒适的生活 34.as cool as cucumber泰然自若,冷静 the last straw使人忍无可忍的情况,导火索

英美文化在英语教学中的应用

英美文化在英语教学中的应用 摘要:随着全球化趋势的加剧,越来越要求我们克服文化差异,顺利实现跨文 化交际,新的《英语课程标准》和近几年的高考试题也明显体现了这方面的要求。如何在日常的高中英语教学中渗透文化教学已成为每位高中英语教师必须解决的 课题。本文结合高中英语教学实际,对此进行了有益的探讨,具有较强的可操作性。 关键词:文化交流;英语教学;文化意识 在英语教学中渗透文化教育是基础教育阶段英语课程的重要任务之一。基础教育阶段, 英语课程使用的教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。这套教材将中国文化与英美 文化交织在一起,因此,在教学中要充分发掘教材,渗透文化教育,使语言技能的教学和文 化意识的培养同步进行,使学生在学习英语的过程中了解英语国家的文化,发展跨文化交际 的意识和能力。 一、高中英语教学中渗透文化教学的必要性 众所周知,21世纪是全球化的时代,精神和物质产品的加速流通,将世界各个民族纳入 到一个共同的“地球村”中,国际间的政治、经济和文化交往越来越频繁,已经成为各民族生 活中不可或缺的部分。然而,国际交往的顺利实现,除了要求我们具备基本的听、说、读、 写这些外语技能,还要求我们必须要对渗透在外语中的外国文化有较深入的了解。文化差异 是跨文化交际的障碍,克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为整个世界共同面临的问题。作 为当前英语课程改革实践中的一线教师,要想让今天的受教育者在将来能够顺利完成其交际 活动,就必须增强文化思维的观念,将语言教学和文化渗透有机结合起来,否则就必然造成 日后交际上的重大失误。 在高中英语教学中导入文化背景知识、培养学生的跨文化交际能力、培养学生文化意识、增强对文化差异的敏感性和鉴赏能力,已成为现代英语教学的重要目的之一。教育部颁布的《英语课程标准》已把“提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别能力,进而提高跨文化交际能力”列入高中英语课程的内容和目标之中。《英语课程标准》指出,文化主要指英语国家的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。所以教师要在 课内外着重上述文化内容的渗透。《英语课程标准》也列出了在高中英语学习阶段要达到的七、八级目标,其中七级为必须达到的目标。以下是七级目标描述:1.理解英语中的常用成 语和俗语极其文化内涵;2.理解英语交际中的常用典故和传说;3.了解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等。4.初步了解主要英语国家的政治和经济等方 面的情况;5.了解英语国家中主要大众传播媒体的情况;6.了解主要英语国家人们与中国人 生活方式的异同;7.了解英语国家人们在行为举止和待人接物等方面与中国人的异同;8.了 解英语国家的主要宗教传统;9.通过学习英语了解世界文化,培养世界意识;10.通过中外文 化对比加深对中国文化的理解。 与此相适应,近年的高考英语试题更是在文化背景知识和语言运用实践性方面有了明显 的延伸和拓展。试题内容更贴近生活,反映着当前社会包括国际社会的各种新问题和新内容。同时,在语言运用方面提出了更高的要求,在获取信息方面要求阅读原汁原味的英文,这里 就既有语言是否地道、标准的问题,也有关于文化氛围和背景的问题。高考命题的走势说明 了一个简单的事实,即学习英语不可能仅仅学习语言,它必须与学习文化同步进行。 二、英美文化对高中教学的作用 学习英语不能不注意中国和西方的差异文化,否则会引起不必要的误会。在英语教学中,可以常常发现毫元恶意的语言会使对方惊讶或愤怒,简单的一句话会使一方捧腹大笑,而另 一方则全然不知其幽默所在。如果了解了这些不同的英美文化背景,就不会产生这些误会了。 英美文化除了对口语教学及交际至关重要外,对英语教学中的其他内容,如听力、阅读 及翻译写作也有影响。在英语听力教学中,常常发现学生在听力训练上花费的工夫不少,但 成果却不如人意。其中一个重要原因就是对英美文化了解太少。如与英美文化有关的材料, 即使内容简单,有时也只是听明白了字面意思不能了解真正的内涵。 英美文化在英语阅斗中也起着重要的作用。如果不了解英美文化背景,在英语学习中同

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

西方文化与习语

英语习语与英美文化 作者:张民和 英语习语与英美文化 ————透过英语习语看英美文化 (西安工程科技学院外语系710048 张民和) 摘要:习语是英语词汇的一个组成部分,对英美文化有传承、记载、反映的作用,在人们的生活中应用甚广。本文从习语的来源出处、原义、引申意义来分析它对英美文化的反射。 关键词:习语、英美文化、内涵 英语习语向来被看作是英语词汇中最活跃的一个组成部分。它以其精练、短小、幽默、风趣且富于哲理性的特征而广泛地被英、美国家的人们所接受并被广泛应用于人们的日常生活交际、报刊、杂志以及电视广播媒体之中。作为传承、记载文化与语言的基本工具之一,它在英、美国家人们的日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用。但是,从另一个角度而言,习语的产生与存在是受孕育其的特有的历史文化背景所制约,并在一定程度上折射特定地域,特定历史时期特定民族所特有的民俗民风等文化信息,所以习语本身具有一定的文化内涵。在认识习语的过程中如果抛开特定的文化背景而孤立地看待习语的存在与含义,往往会觉得它在文章或语言中的含义晦涩难懂,从而影响对其传达信息的接受。本文从习语的含义、引申意义、来源、出处等角度入手,来分析英语习语对孕育它的特有的英美民族文化的反映,从而揭示其丰富、幽默的内涵所体现出英、美国家的各民族的丰富多彩的文化现象。 一、语言、习语、文化 在文学界,语言与文化的概念素来是众说纷纭,难以确定。但是,其争论的中心内容却是相近的。 1.1 语言关于语言,据《辞海·语言·文字》讲:“语言是人类社会最重要的交际工具,它跟思维有密切联系,是思维工具、是人区别于其他动物的本质特征之一。没有语言,人类的社会生活无法维持。从它的结构看,语言是以语音为物质外壳,以词汇为建筑材料,以语法为结构规律而构成的体系。”由此看出,语言本身属于文化范畴,它的基本构造单位是词,并且通过词来记载并反映特定地域,特定历史条件下,乃至整个人类历史产生、发展的文化内容。英语习语是在英、美传统文化土壤中形成并被历代传承下来的英语词汇的一个组成部分,它以幽默、风趣的笔调来记载、传承、反映、考证,甚至可以重现英、美国家的民族文化(传统的民族价值观、世界观、民俗民风、宗教、民族心理文化等)。它是指英语词汇中结构上固定、语意、语法上完整,在功能上以独立的单位来运用的词、词组或句子。(idiom is a combination of two or more words which function as a unit of meaning )由于它的产生受特定的地域文化色彩的限制,且蕴涵有丰富的文化信息,所以对于习语的认识往往不能只从其各个组成部分来推断。例如: 例如:习语字面含义实际意义 Pandora’s box 潘多拉的盒子灾祸之源 Cast sheep’s eyes to someone 向某人投羊眼向某人递秋波 On the carpet 在地毯上在考虑中,受训斥 Burry one’s head in the sand 把某人的头埋在沙子里采取逃避态度

英语专业英美文化概况之新西兰NEW ZEALAND

U1 Land, People and History Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following mountains is the highest in New Zealand? A Alps B Ruapehu C Southern Alps D Mt. Cook 2.In size, New Zealand is similar to ____ A Japan B British Isles C Japan plus the British Isles D A & B 3.The longest river of the country is ____ A Waikato river B Clutha river C Rakaia river D Wanganui river 4.The largest city in New Zealand is ____ A Wellington B Auckland C Christchurch D Dunedin 5.New Zealand’s nearest large neighbor is ____ A Tonga B Fiji C Australia D Argentina 6.In April 2006, New Zealand became the first country to declare ____ as an official language. A English B Maori C sign language D Polynesian language 7.Which one of the following is the most common religion? A Christianity B Roman Catholic C Methodist D Anglican 8. Which country is the first one in the world to give women the right to vote? A America B Sweden C Australia D New Zealand Ⅱ.Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F): 1. Maori people today resist adopting western life. ( ) 2. The North Island has been formed mostly by active volcanoes. ( ) 3. There are no nuclear power plants or weapons in New Zealand. ( ) 4. Because of the gold boom, people in the North Island have been more than in the South since 1896. ( ) 5. Wellington is the world’s largest Polynesian city. ( ) Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks: 1. New Zealand is in the _________________________________ 2. The two main land masses in the country are _________________ and ___________________ 3. The first piece of environmental legislation ---_________________came into effect in 1991, in which ________________________ is reflected. 4. New Zealand was settled over 1000 years ago by _________ from __________________ . 5. In 1840, Maori chiefs signed the ______________________ to keep their ownership of the natural, and in return, to give up the right to govern to the __________________ . 6. The national bird of NZ is _________________. 7. In 1769, ________________ visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain, U2 Political System, Education and Economy Ⅰ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.The two main parties in the House of Representatives are______ A the Progressive Party and the Labor Party B the Labor Party and the National Party C the Green Party and the NZ First Party D the United Future NZ Party and the National Party 2.The Head of State of New Zealand is______

中西文化差异英文

中西文化差异英文 Differences Betwween Chinese And Western Clture As we know,there are many obvious differences between chinese and western clture.Here I will epress some opinions about this. Chinese culture is the collectivist culture.Chinese put the benefit of groung the first place.The value of people can not be allowed to set up over the the benefit of the grounp.On the contrary,western culture is the individualist culture.They spare no efforts to show off themselves. 1、Differences in addressing Chinese put the given name after the family name.While in the western country,their given names were put at the place.We can see that Chinese regard the family name more important than the given name.It reflects that Westerners have a thought that each person is significant in our world and a person should play a important role among our beings. 2、Differences in rendering thanks Generaly,in China the family members hardly say “thanks”.If say it,we will feel strange and have distance beween each other.But Westerners can it on any occasion and beween any people.When someone give they a cup of drink,they will say“Thanks”.What,s more,when someone ask you“Would you like something to eat/dirnk,”Chinese would say a few words of courtesy although they would like.But in th e west,peole will say“Yes,please”if they would like and will say“No,thanks”if they would not.

从英语习语看中西文化差异

从英语习语看中西文化差异 Ⅰ.选题背景 语言是人类最宝贵的财富,在日常的生活中,是不可缺少的的,是用来表达思想,传递感情的交际工具。语言现象的背后有着深邃的哲理,它反映着不同地域,不同国家,各个民族的社会文化习俗,历史地理环境,宗教信仰和价值观念。因此从一个人的语言就能看出他所属的社会集团。 习语是语言的精华部分,集中反映着语言的特点。在英美国家,英语习语使用人群广泛,使用的频率很高。汉英民族历史悠久,文化灿烂,都有着极为丰富的习语。英语习语具有简明,精炼,短小,幽默,风趣且富有哲理的特点,从各个方面反映西方的文化。 一代又一代的语言学家们孜孜不倦的对英语习语从来源和功能上进行研究,同时也有许多成果。最著名的最具有代表性的是史密斯在1925年出版的《词与习语》一书,他主要研究习语的来源并进行了分类,结构和特征,但很少接处到习语的意义和解释。20世纪30年代到50年代中期,受到索绪尔的结构主义语言学理论的影响和和以布龙菲尔德为代表的结构主义语言学的迅速发展的影响,习语的研究结合结构主义为基础的词汇,语义,句法理论。在这一时期最具有代表的是霍克特的对习语的研究,他强调了习语语境的作用。50年代以后,习语的研究开始结合生成转换语言学理论,强调了习语的深层结构。语言学家弗雷泽提出了习语的转换潜力,并发现大部分习语具有不同程度的转换不足。

近些年来,习语的研究可以分为两个部分,横纵两向:一是单词习语,短语习语和句子习语。另一方面是习语的共现,习语性等级,习语意义明晰度等的研究。目前,习语的研究主要是关于习语的文化,习语功能与习语的语用方面。代表作有澳大利亚人费尔南多的《习语与习语特征》;张国扬,平洪的《英语习语与英美文化》,常晨光《英语习语与人际关系》,张振华《英语习语的文化内涵及其语用研究》。他们都对习语的研究做出了巨大贡献。 Ⅱ.研究目的和意义 目的:语言属于目标文化并且反映它。英语习语是英语国家语言的核心和精华,它的形成并非一朝一夕,而是随着英美国家社会和人类的发展变化逐渐的积累起来的,它反映着社会的方方面面。在社会动荡时习语的变化发展就快,而在社会平和安定时习语的变化发展就相对的慢一些。因此研究英语习语是不可或缺的,也是这么多年致力于英语研究人员必不可少的研究。 本文的目的之一就是要从多个方面发掘英语习语的内在意义。尽管前人对英语习语进行了很多研究,但本文将涉及地理环境,饮食习惯,历史典故,宗教信仰,认知习惯等多个方面去研究,为习语研究增添了一笔。 意义:英美国家人们使用英语习语的频率很高,因为英语习语是历史的积淀,而且习语的特点奠定了习语用起来既方便,又形象生动,能准确地反映了使用者想表达的意思。因此英语习语只看字面意思是很难理解的,往往会理解错误,而且大量的使用导致了学习英语的学

英美文化作业:英美文化差异(英文版)

英美文化作业:英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号:(9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档