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英语词汇学期末论文

英语词汇学期末论文
英语词汇学期末论文

英语词汇学期末论文

题目:浅析英语词汇巧记法

专业:英语

班级:13级3班

学号:201313010309

姓名:黄旷静

完成时间:2015年1月14号

浅析英语词汇巧记法

摘要:词汇是英语学习的基础,没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语,而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。尽管花费了大量时间精力去背,记忆的效果却差强人意,原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。其实,世间万物都是有规律性的,英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律,了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。为了提高单词记忆的效率,本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。

关键词:词汇科学记忆规律效率

一.读音记忆法

1.拼读法

英语是拼音文字,英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的,熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则,掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系,可以根据单词的读音,降低记忆难度,正确地拼写单词。

例如ay读[ei]。带有ay字母组合的词,如say,day,way,pay,may,play,spray,不仅发音容易,而且拼写也没有任何困难。Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音,ee发音为i:

culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来

2.谐音法

尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学,不利于正确掌握发音,但实践证明,对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说,采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。但是,在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意,绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据,只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段,以加强记忆,而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记,以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。用谐音法记单词是,根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音,寻找到谐音与单词的联系。用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘,这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。

例如:mouth嘴[联想:说话“冒失”的就是嘴]

think想[联想:想时要“深刻”]

二.联想法

1.拆分联想

科学研究表明:联想是记忆的基础。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫指出:"记忆要依靠联想,而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”联想法是联想记忆的进一步运用和发展。它是指学习者展开积极丰富的想象力,使所要记忆的知识生动、形象化,通过联想在新旧知识(如英语熟词词义与生词词义)之间建立起一种联系,从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆的目的。

例如:legislate v.立法将该词分解成leg、is、late三个字母组合,这三个字母组合恰好都是我们熟悉的英语单词,轻松就能记住,所以legislate可记成:为腿(leg)立法,总是(is)太迟(late)以后我们再看到单词legislate,就会不由自主地想起这个有趣的句子,legislate的词义也就在其中了。而且,据大多数试用此记法的人亲身体会,一旦将legislate的词义真正熟记之后,用以联想的具体记法会逐渐淡化,而单词的词义却会深深地被记住。Family =father and mother,I love you !爸爸,妈妈,我爱你们!,由此构成一个家庭。

crystal(水晶) 联想记忆为cry(哭泣)+ stal (联想为star星星),所以“水晶”就是天上的星星哭泣的时候掉下的眼泪。

grouse “gr”想象成“grow”,你长大了,嫌家里地方太小了,处处限制你的自由了,你当然会“埋怨,发牢骚”了。

district n.区域,地区,行政区将该词分解成汉字“弟”的拼音di和词义为“严格的”的英语单词strict,则可记成:弟(di)在行政区里面,遵守严格的(strict)的制度。

2.对比联想

英语词汇中有许多的单词都有意义相对应的词,我们可以通过对比、对照的方式,联想到它的同义词,反义词,同根词,同类词等。在记忆单词时,如果对一个表示人的男性或表示动物的雄性名词联想与其相对应的同一类女性或雌性名词,当我们记忆father(父亲)一词时,可同时联想与其相对应的同一类女性名

词mother(母亲)。这样对应记忆单词可同时记住两个词,从而使记忆单词的效率提高一倍。

(1).同义词:big—large; small—little

(2)反义词:fat—thin; long—short

(3)呼应词:circle, square, triangle,rectangle

(4)同类名词:brother兄弟—sister姐妹

man男人—woman女人

groom新郎—bride新娘

(5)同根词:care——careful——carefully

三.分类法

单词不仅是代表客观世界中事物的符号,它也反映说话人的文化社会背景和不同的经验意图。因此我们在记忆单词时联系自己所在的环境,根据实际需要,对日常生活中的事物进行分类,按照单词所表达的含义分类记忆。

a、交通工具bike(自行车)car(小汽车)train(火车)bus (公共汽车)……

b、食物bamana(香蕉)vegetable(蔬菜)fruit(水果)hamburger (汉堡包)……

c、家庭成员father(父亲)mother(母亲)son(儿子)daughter (女儿)……

d、时间morhing(早晨、上午)afternoon(下午)night(晚

上)evening(傍晚)……

e、颜色white(白色)red(红色)blue(蓝色)green(绿色)……

f、节日MayDay(五一节)ArmyDay(建军节)NationalDay (国庆节)……

四.阅读记忆法

单词并不是孤立的,它必须结合一定的句子。只有把单词按照语言规律结合成句子。外语原文是外语词汇、词法、句法、惯用语、句型、各方面知识的综合体,反复地大量地阅读原文,不仅能巩固学过的单词,还能学到新单词,扩大词汇量。联系上下文去理解,去掌握,才是记忆单词的好方法。借助语言环境,才能提高记忆的效率。

例如:Bricks and mortar are mortar and bricks,only the architect can make it different. 通过阅读我们很容易理解mortar的意思,这就是阅读记忆单词的好处。

五.反复记忆法

很多人都有这种感觉,花了很长时间背下的单词,过不了多久就遗忘了不少,挫败感很大。根据艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线规律:遗忘的进程是不均匀的,在识记后最初的一段时间遗忘的比较快,而后逐渐变慢。唯一的解决方法就是反复记忆,提高重复率。但是

如果只是机械地重复是不行的,复习的时间要间隔应先短后长并且不断循环。

六.构词记忆法

英语中有一半以上的词都是借助构词法来延伸变化的,利用构词法知识记忆,就能很快扩大我们的词汇量。英语单词是由词素构成的,词素分为自由词素和粘附词素。我们可以通过分解单词的前缀、词根、后缀以及派生、合成等方式来理解单词的含义。合成:就是把两个或两个以上的单词组合成一个新词,如:foot 脚+print痕迹= footprint 足迹,脚印; thunder 打雷+storm 暴风雨= thunderstorm 雷雨雷暴

派生:是在一个词根上加前缀或后缀从而构成另一个新词。

1.前缀法

前缀法记忆单词:把具有相同前缀的单词编为一组,以同一前缀为主线将它们串联起来记忆。

例如:

1)纯否定前缀

a-, an-, asymmetry anhydrous

dis- dislike

in-, ig-, il, im, ir, inability, ignoble, impossible, illegal, irregular ne-, n-, none, never

neg-, neglect

un- unable

2)a- 加于名词、动词和形容词之前构成副词,具有in,on,at,to,by,of,with之意

aloud高声地aright正确地

3)表示相反,相互对立意思

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震)

contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction

counter-, counterbalance

ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy

with-, withdraw

4)表示共同,相等意思的前缀

com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。

connect, combine, collect, co-operate

syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,共,和,类”

sympathy, synthesis(合成)

2.后缀法

后缀是决定一个词的词性的重要标记,后缀表示单词的词类和词性,不同的后缀还含有不同的词汇意义。

例如:

1)名词后缀

A. -ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人.

例词:gamester,engineer,profiteer,driver,actor

B.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西

例词:booklet,leaflet

C.-ette意为:小的东西例词:cigarette 假的东西例:leatherette 女性例词:usherette

D.-ess意为:女性例词:actress,poetess

E.-hood意为:时期例词:boyhood,childhood

F.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等例词:leadership,G.-ful意为:量例词:cupful,handful

H. -tion,-ion意为状态,行动等例词:action,oppression

机构等例词:organization

I. -ment意为:状态,行动等例词:movement

J.-al意为:动作例词:arrival

K.-age意为:程度,数量等例词:wastage hostage

L.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质例词:happiness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity

M.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等例词:idealism,absenteeism,racism

2)动词后缀

A.-ify意为:转为,变为diversify,simplify

B.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen

C.-ate意为:增加,使……validate,differentiate

3)形容词后缀

A.-ful意为:充满,有useful,pitiful

B.-less意为:没有,无hopeless,meaningless

C.-ly意为:有……品质的brotherly,friendly

D.-like意为:像……的statesmanlike,tiger-like

E.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的watery,foolish,girlish,blackish F.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的wholesome,tiresome,bothersome

G. -able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的comfortable,expansible H.-ed意为:有……的moneyed,odd-shaped

I.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的regional,musical J.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的contradictory K.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的malicious,gracious

L.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的dramatic,heroic M.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的sensitive

4)副词后缀

A.-ly意为:以……方式boldly,strangely

B.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向earthward(s),homeward (s),eastward(s)

3.词根词缀法

词根是构成外语单词的核心,它是表示该词最基本意义的重要词素。英语单词的构成是有规律可循的。大约一半以上的单词由词根与词缀构成,词根相当于形旁,词缀则相当于声旁。

形式:词根——后缀;前缀——词根——后缀;复合词第一部分——词根——后缀;复合词第一部分——复合词第二部分;复合词第一部分——词根——复合词第二部分;词根——复合词第二部分。

例如:

1)词根+后缀

present是词根,加上不同的后缀,就构成许多与present有关的单词。Presentation,ation是后缀,它表示该词是名词。presentable,able是后缀,表示该词是形容词。

2)词缀+词根

dis在dislike中,dis是前缀表示"相反"意义。

re在repeat中,re是前缀表示"重复"意义。

3)复合词

Blackboard是由black( 黑色的)+board(板)合成,即黑板

结束语:词汇是英语学习的基础,词汇积累是一个循序渐进的过程,没有谁能在短时间内记住所有单词。死记硬背难免枯燥乏味而且效率低下,好的方法能让词汇的记忆变得更加轻松,并且能提高人们学习英语的热情。学习者要自己养成良好的习惯,制定

计划,根据自己的实际情况选择适合自己的科学记忆方法,那么词汇记忆也就不是如此乏味困难的事了。

参考文献:

1.肜蓉,关于单词记忆的技巧探析[D];西北民族大学外国语学院;

2.王建文,改进记忆方法,扩大英语词汇量[A];四川,海外英语;

3.张心虎,浅析英语词汇学习技巧;科技信息,人文社科;

4.胡开仙,如何提高学生记忆英语词汇的能力;中国校外教育,学科教育;

5.卢飞鸿,外国语言文学研究,社会科学学科研究,英语单词的记忆[A];科教导航

6.杨金花科技信息人文社科,提高英语词汇记忆效率的六种方法;

7.词根词缀记忆法世界图书出版公司

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英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry(练习1) I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new

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