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病梅馆记原文与翻译

病梅馆记原文与翻译
病梅馆记原文与翻译

病梅馆记原文与翻译

本文是关于病梅馆记原文与翻译,感谢您的阅读!

南京的龙蟠里,苏州的邓尉山,杭州的西溪,都产梅花。有人说:“梅的枝干以弯曲为美,直的就没有姿态;以横斜为美,正的就没有景观;以稀疏为美,密的就没有风致。”向来都是这样说的。对这个,文人画士心里明白它的意思,却不便于公开宣布,大力号召,用以衡量天下的梅树;又不能叫天下的百姓去砍掉直的,削除密的,锄去正的,以使梅树早死、病残为职业来赚钱。梅枝的横斜、稀疏、弯曲,又不是那些愚昧无知而只想赚钱的人,能用他们的智慧、力量做得到的。可有人将文人画士这种特有的嗜好隐衷,明白地告诉卖梅人,他们就砍掉端正的树干,养育它旁斜的枝条,剪削密枝,使它的嫩枝早死,锄去它的直枝,压抑它的生机,用以求得高价,因而江苏、浙江的梅树都成病残。文人画士所造成的祸害竟然到了这样严重的程度啊!

予购三百盆,皆病者,无一完者。既泣之三日,乃誓疗之、纵之、顺之,毁其盆,悉埋于地,解其棕缚;以五年为期,必复之全之。予本非文人画士,甘受诟厉,辟病梅之馆以贮之。呜呼!安得使予多暇日,又多闲田,以广贮江宁、杭州、苏州之病梅,穷予生之光阴以疗梅也哉?

我买了三百盆,都是病梅,没有一盆是完好的。我已为它们哭了三天,于是发誓加以治疗,放开束缚,顺应它们的本性,毁掉了栽种的盆,把它们都埋种在地里,解开捆绑它们的棕绳,准备以五年的期

限,一定使它们恢复本性,完整地生长。我本来不是文人画士,甘愿忍受辱骂,开设一个病梅馆来贮藏这些病梅。唉!怎样才能让我得到更多空闲的时间,又有更多空闲的土地,用来大量地贮藏南京、杭州、苏州的病梅,尽我一生的时间来治疗梅啊?

――选自中华书局排印本《龚自珍全集》

感谢您的阅读,本文如对您有帮助,可下载编辑,谢谢

英语原文及其翻译

Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all

病梅馆记的翻译及重点归纳

江宁的龙蟠里,苏州的邓尉山,杭州的西溪,都出产梅。有人说:"梅凭着弯曲的姿态被认为是美丽的,笔直了就没有风姿;凭着枝干倾斜被认为是美丽的,端正了就没有景致;凭着枝叶稀疏被认为是美丽的,茂密了就没有姿态。”本来如此。这些文人画士心里明白它的意思,却不便公开宣告,大声疾呼用这个标准来约束天下的梅;又不可以来让天下种梅人砍掉笔直的枝干、除去繁密的枝条、锄掉端正的枝条,把使枝干摧折、使梅花呈病态作为职业来谋求钱财。梅的枝干的倾斜、枝叶的疏朗、枝干的弯曲,又不是那些蠢蠢求钱的人能够凭借他们的智慧、能力做得到的。有的人把文人画士这隐藏在心中特别的嗜好明白地告诉卖梅的人,(使他们)砍掉端正的(枝干),培养倾斜的侧枝,除去繁密的(枝干),伤害它的嫩枝,锄掉笔直的(枝干),阻碍它的生机,用这样的方法来谋求高价,于是江苏、浙江的梅都成病态了。文人画士所造成的祸害严重到了这种程度! 我买了三百盆梅,都是病梅,没有一盆完好的。为它们流了好几天泪之后,就发誓要治好它们:我放开它们,使它们顺其自然生长,毁掉那些盆子,把梅全部种在地里,解开捆绑它们的棕绳的束缚;以五年为期限,一定要使它们恢复本性,保全健康的形态。我本来不是文人画士,心甘情愿受到辱骂,设立一个病梅馆来贮存它们。 唉!怎样才能使我有很多闲暇的时间,又有很多空闲的田地,来大量贮存江宁、杭州、苏州的病梅,竭尽我一生的时光来治疗病梅呢? 古今异义:又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为也。智力:古,智慧力:力量; 今,记忆、观察、想象、思考、判断等。一词多义: ⑴病①以夭梅病梅为业以求钱也。使动用法,使……成为病态。 ②而江浙之梅皆病。名作动,呈病态、成为病态。 ③辟病梅之馆以贮之。名词作形容词,病态的,做“梅”的定语。 ④予购三百盆,皆病者。名作动,呈病态、成为病态。 ⑤以广贮江宁、杭州、苏州之病梅。名作动,呈病态、成为病态。 ⑵欹、疏、曲梅之欹之疏之曲。“欹”、“疏”、“曲”三字都是形容词,倾斜、稀疏、弯 曲。梅以曲为美”,“以欹为美”,“以疏为美”,“欹”、“疏”、“曲”

病梅馆记

〈〈病梅馆记〉〉教学设计 一、从容说课 《病梅馆记》是一篇精彩的小品文。文章以文人画士不爱健康自然的梅花,而偏爱梅花的病态,以至用人工矫揉造作的办法摧残梅花为例,形象地揭露和批判了清王朝严酷的思想统治,及其压制、摧残人才的罪恶,表达了作者要求个性解放,改革社会政治,冲破黑暗统治的强烈愿望。文章第一段,揭示产生病梅的根源。起笔先简要叙述梅的产地;“江宁之龙蟠,苏州之邓尉,杭州之西溪,皆产梅。”然后笔锋一转论述产生病梅的根源。第一层,举出有些人对梅的审美标准:“梅以曲为美,直则无姿;以欹为美,正则无景;以疏为美,密则无态。”第二层,病梅馆记,以揭示产生病梅的社会根源。第三层,写文人画士的帮凶们摧残梅花的恶劣行径。在这样的情况下,“江南之梅皆病”也就无可避免了。“文人画士之祸之烈至此哉!”一句感叹,道出了作者的无尽愤慨,也为下文“誓疗之”蓄足了情势。第二段,写作者疗梅的行动和决心,写尽了作者对封建统治阶级压制人才、束缚思想的不满和愤慨,表达了对解放思想、个性自由的强烈愿望。第三段,写作者辟馆疗梅的苦心。这一段,作者慨叹自己暇日不多,闲田不多,疗梅的力量有限,也就是慨叹自己的力量不足以挽回人才受扼杀的黑暗的政局。但“穷予生之光阴以疗梅”,也充分表现了他坚持战斗的意志。 本文的艺术特点是托物言志。表面处处写梅,实则处处以梅喻人,以梅议政,本体与喻体之间非常贴切。句句讲梅花,句句有言外之旨,在平易的生活小事中,包含着深刻的社会政治内容,包含着作者的积极追求和战斗精神。 教学中可通过介绍作者的思想及写作背景,帮助学生进一步了解课文所要表达的主题。在疏通文意的基础上,指导学生反复诵渎,体会本文句式整齐、感情强烈的特点。 二、教学目标 知识目标 1.了解龚自珍及其散文的风格特色。 2.理解“曲、直、欹、正、疏、密、绳、斫、删、矢、遏、棕缚、纵、顺、毁、解、贮、诟厉、祸、烈”20个词语的含义,归纳“使、病、解、本、穷”等词语的义项。 能力目标 1.能够根据具体语境补出省略成分,做到准确翻译。 2.培养准确把握文意,理解作者观点、态度的能力。 德育目标

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.doczj.com/doc/169150465.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

《病梅馆记》文言知识整理

《病梅馆记》文言知识整理 一、词法 1、古今异义 ①遏其生气。【生气,古:生长之势;今:不开心】 ②又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为也。【智力,古:智慧,力量;今:智慧】 2、词类活用 (1)名词作动词 ①未可明诏大号以绳天下之梅也【绳,约束】 ②而江浙之梅皆病【病,变成病态】(2)形容词作动词 ①穷予生之光阴以疗梅也哉【穷,用

尽】 (3)形容词作名词 ①又不可以使天下之民斫直、删密、锄正【直,挺直的枝干;密,密集的枝干;正,正直的枝条】 ②有以文人画士孤僻之隐明告鬻梅者【隐,隐衷】 (4)使动用法 ①以夭梅病梅为业以求钱也【夭,使……早死;病,使……呈病态】 ②必复之全之【复,使……恢复;全,使……健全】 *(5)为动用法

①既泣之三日【泣,为……哭泣】 3、一词多义 明 未可明诏大号以绳天下之梅也(公开) 有以文人画士孤僻之隐明告鬻梅者(明白地) 病 病梅馆记(病态的) 以夭梅病梅为业(使……呈病态) 而江浙之梅皆病(变成病态) 之 江宁之龙蟠(助,的) 梅之欹之疏之曲(助,的,一说主谓之间取消句子独立性)

文人画士之祸之烈至此哉(助词,的;助词,主谓之间取消句子独立性) 既泣之三日(代词,代梅) 以 梅以曲为美(介,把……当作) 有以文人画士孤僻之隐明告鬻梅者:(介,把……) 未可明诏大号以绳天下之梅也(连,来) 又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为也:(介,凭借) 以求重价(连,来) 为 以夭梅病梅为业以求钱也(作为) 又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为也

(办到) 二、句法 1、省略句 ①(予)既泣之三日,乃誓疗之。 2、固定句式 ①以……为 翻成“把……当作” 例:梅以曲为美,直则无姿梅以曲为美,直则无姿;以欹为美,正则无景;以疏为美,密则无态。 3被动句 甘受诟厉 三、文言难句翻译 1、梅以曲为美,直则无姿梅以曲为美,直则无姿;以欹为美,正则无景;

英文翻译(原文)

GRA VITY RETAINING?WALL 1. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water. Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall. (a)(b)(e)

病梅馆记原文与翻译

病梅馆记原文与翻译 本文是关于病梅馆记原文与翻译,感谢您的阅读! 南京的龙蟠里,苏州的邓尉山,杭州的西溪,都产梅花。有人说:“梅的枝干以弯曲为美,直的就没有姿态;以横斜为美,正的就没有景观;以稀疏为美,密的就没有风致。”向来都是这样说的。对这个,文人画士心里明白它的意思,却不便于公开宣布,大力号召,用以衡量天下的梅树;又不能叫天下的百姓去砍掉直的,削除密的,锄去正的,以使梅树早死、病残为职业来赚钱。梅枝的横斜、稀疏、弯曲,又不是那些愚昧无知而只想赚钱的人,能用他们的智慧、力量做得到的。可有人将文人画士这种特有的嗜好隐衷,明白地告诉卖梅人,他们就砍掉端正的树干,养育它旁斜的枝条,剪削密枝,使它的嫩枝早死,锄去它的直枝,压抑它的生机,用以求得高价,因而江苏、浙江的梅树都成病残。文人画士所造成的祸害竟然到了这样严重的程度啊! 予购三百盆,皆病者,无一完者。既泣之三日,乃誓疗之、纵之、顺之,毁其盆,悉埋于地,解其棕缚;以五年为期,必复之全之。予本非文人画士,甘受诟厉,辟病梅之馆以贮之。呜呼!安得使予多暇日,又多闲田,以广贮江宁、杭州、苏州之病梅,穷予生之光阴以疗梅也哉? 我买了三百盆,都是病梅,没有一盆是完好的。我已为它们哭了三天,于是发誓加以治疗,放开束缚,顺应它们的本性,毁掉了栽种的盆,把它们都埋种在地里,解开捆绑它们的棕绳,准备以五年的期

限,一定使它们恢复本性,完整地生长。我本来不是文人画士,甘愿忍受辱骂,开设一个病梅馆来贮藏这些病梅。唉!怎样才能让我得到更多空闲的时间,又有更多空闲的土地,用来大量地贮藏南京、杭州、苏州的病梅,尽我一生的时间来治疗梅啊? ――选自中华书局排印本《龚自珍全集》 感谢您的阅读,本文如对您有帮助,可下载编辑,谢谢

科普版英语六年级下册课文及翻译 (直接打印版)

Lesson 1 I’m not feeling well. Let’s talk (M=Mom, T= Tom) M: What,'s the matter, Tom T: I'm not feeling well, Mom M: Do you have a cold T: Yes, I think so. Could you give me some water, please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom. M: Tom, you must go and see a doctor. T: OK, Mom. M: It's cold outside. You must wear your coat. T: OK, Mom. Could you pass me my coat,please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom M: Tell me your teacher's number. I'll call him and tell him you are sick. T: OK. Here it is. 译文 (M=妈妈,T=汤姆) 妈妈:怎么了,汤姆 汤姆:我感觉不舒服,妈妈。 妈妈:你感冒了吗 汤姆:是的,我想是这样的。您能给我一些水吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:汤姆,你必须去看医生. 汤姆:好的,妈妈。 妈妈:外面很冷。你必须穿你的外套。 汤姆:好的,妈妈。您能把我的外套递给我吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:告诉我你老师的电话号码。我将给他打电话告诉他你生病了。

英语翻译专业必翻经典文章英文原文参考译文

文档简介 一,英语翻译经典文章之英文原稿二,中文翻译:这篇英语文章的最好翻译版本!不是俺说的,是俺老师说哒!! 英文原稿Brian It seems my only request (“please, let me sleep”) is not clear enough, so I made this simple table that can help you when you’re in doubt. Especially during the night

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如果你已经看到了这里,那么说明你应该是英文爱好者哦。 下面有一些非常实用,我精心整理的英文资料,你一定用得到!快去看看吧! 一,最常用英语翻译政治文体句型总结大全完美版 二,英文合同翻译最常用句型总结专业版 三,英语毕业论文提纲模板优秀完整详细无敌版

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病梅馆记 【清】龚自珍 一、通假字 无。 二、古今异义 1、遏其生气 ..【生气(古义,生长之势、生机;今义,不开心)】 2、又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力 ..为也【智力(古义,智慧能力;今义,理解运用知识的能力)】 三、一词多义 (一)实词 1、病 (1)以夭梅病.梅为业以求钱也【使动用法,使……成为病态】 (2)而江浙之梅皆病.;予购三百盆,皆病.者【名作动,呈病态、成为病态。】 (3)辟病.梅之馆以贮之;以广贮江宁、杭州、苏州之病.梅【形容词,病态的,做“梅”的定语】 2、欹、疏、曲 (1)梅之欹.之疏.之曲.【“欹”、“疏”、“曲”三字都是形容词,倾斜、稀疏、弯曲】(2)梅以曲.为美;以欹.为美;以疏.为美【“欹”、“疏”、“曲”三字都是形容词作名词,倾斜的枝干、稀疏的枝叶、弯曲的枝条】 (二)虚词 1、以 (1)梅以.曲为美【以……为……:把……当做……】 (2)未可明诏大号以.绳天下之梅也;以求重价【用来】 (3)又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以.其智力为也【凭借】 (4)有以.文人画士孤僻之隐明告鬻梅者【把】 2、之 (1)江宁之.龙蟠【的】 (2)文人画士之祸之.烈至此哉【取消句子独立性,无意义】 (3)既泣之.三日【代词,代梅】 3、其 (1)心知其.意【代词,代上文句子】 (2)又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其.智力为也【代词,他们,代求钱之民】 (3)斫其.正,养其.旁条,删其.密,夭其.稚枝,锄其.直,遏其.生气【代词,它,代梅】5、为 (1)以欹为.美;以夭梅病梅为.业以求钱也【当作,作为】 (2)又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为.也【做,办到】 (3)以五年为.期【定为】 四、词类活用 1、名词活用作动词 (1)未可明诏大号以绳.天下之梅也【绳:约束】 (2)而江浙之梅皆病.【病:呈病态】 2、形容词活用作动词

英文翻译原文

南京师范大学泰州学院 英文翻译原文 年级: 2011级学号:12110330 姓名:申佳佳 系部:信息工程学院 专业:通信工程 题目:基于C51的数字测速仪设计与仿真 指导教师:焦蓬蓬 2015 年 4 月 5 日

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《病梅馆记》原文及翻译

《病梅馆记》原文及翻译 古诗和文言文翻译是高考必考的内容之一,所以平时学习过程中要 注意积累。古诗文翻译要以直译为主,并保持语意通畅,而且应注意原文用 词造句和表达方式的特点。以下《病梅馆记》原文及翻译仅供参考,请大家 以所在地区课本为主。 1《病梅馆记》原文江宁之龙蟠,苏州之邓尉,杭州之西溪,皆产梅。 或曰:“梅以曲为美,直则无姿;以欹(qī)为美,正则无景;以疏为美,密则无态。”固也。此文人画士,心知其意,未可明诏大号以绳天下之梅也;又不可以使 天下之民斫(zhuó)直,删密,锄正,以夭梅病梅为业以求钱也。梅之欹之疏 之曲,又非蠢蠢求钱之民能以其智力为也。有以文人画士孤癖之隐明告鬻(yù)梅者,斫(zhuó)其正,养其旁条,删其密,夭其稚枝,锄其直,遏其生气,以 求重价,而江浙之梅皆病。文人画士之祸之烈至此哉!予购三百盆,皆病者, 无一完者。既泣之三日,乃誓疗之:纵之顺之,毁其盆,悉埋于地,解其棕缚;以五年为期,必复之全之。予本非文人画士,甘受诟厉(gòulì),辟病梅之 馆以贮之。呜呼!安得使予多暇日,又多闲田,以广贮江宁、杭州、苏州之病梅,穷予生之光阴以疗梅也哉!(选自《龚自珍全集》) 1《病梅馆记》词句注释江宁:旧江宁府所在地,在今江苏南京。龙蟠:龙蟠里,在今南京清凉山下。邓尉:山名。在今江苏苏州西南。西溪:地名。欹(qī):倾斜。固也:本来如此。固,本来。明诏大号:公开宣告,大声疾呼。明,公开。诏,告诉,一般指上告下。号,疾呼,喊叫。绳:名作动,约束。斫:砍削。直:笔直的枝干。夭梅病梅:摧折梅,把它弄成病态。夭:使……摧折(使……弯曲)。病,使……成为病态。蠢蠢:无知的样子。智力:

英文翻译原文

Engineering with Computers(2002)18:109–115 Ownership and Copyright ?2002Springer-Verlag London Limited Structural Optimization of Automotive Body Components Based on Parametric Solid Modeling M.E.Botkin GM R&D Center,Warren,MI,USA Abstract Abstract::Parametric modeling was used to build several models of an automotive front structure concept that utilizes carbon fiber composite materials and the corresponding molding processes.An ultra-lightweight aluminum body front structure was redesigned to include an all-composite front structure.Two alternative concepts were studied which represent the structure as a bonded assembly of shells.Closed sections result from two pieces–an inner and outer.Parametric modeling was found to be a useful tool for building and modifying models to use in optimization concept studies. Such models can be built quickly and both the sketch dimensions and location dimensions are particularly useful for making the adjustments necessary to fit the various body pieces together.The parametric models then must be joined together as one geometric solid model in order to obtain a surface mesh.Structural optimization input data can then be seamlessly and quickly created from the parametric-modelbased finite element model to begin the tradeoff studies.This integrated process in which parametric modeling was coupled with structural optimization was used to carry out design studies on the lightweight body front structure.Several carbon fiber material combinations were studied to determine mass reduction potential of certain types of carbon fiber products considered to be lower cost than typical carbon fiber materials used in the past.Structural optimization was used to compare several composite constructions for the design of the bonded front structure.Eight cases were studied using various materials and composite lay-ups.Mass savings estimates from45–64%over steel were obtained.The most reasonable design consisted of a combination of relatively low cost chopped carbon fiber and woven carbon fiber and using a20mm balsa core in the top of the shock tower area. This design had a maximum thickness of7mm and a mass reduction over steel of approximately62%.Correspondence and offprint requests to:Mark E.Botkin,Principal

《病梅馆记》教案

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