牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1-模块4）
语法复习一：定语从句
（一）定义
1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.
2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent 1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词关系代词定语从句 2) You must do everything that I do.
先行词关系代词定语从句
(二)：关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。 2.代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the roomwhich I lived in last year.
先行词关系代词定语从句
(三)
：定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.
关系副词when, where, why 等引导定语从句。
关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从
This is the place wherewe work.（vi.） (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的) This is the place which we visited. (vt. )
注：先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when,可用that 但通常省去。
This is the place where work.（vi.）(关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)
This is the place which we visited. (vt. )
（五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
He has a brother who is a physicist.
He has a brother, who is a physicist.(只有一个)
He returned all the books which are written in English.
He returned all the books,which are written in English.
I will wear no clothes which will be out of ordinary.
I will wear no clothes, which will be out of ordinary.
The man who lives next door is a doctor.
My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.
I’m sure I know the person who served me.
Tom, who served us, is the owner of the restaurant.
A student who studies hard will make good progress.
The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.
（六）关系代词that和which的区别
<1>．只能用that的情况
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Everything that we saw was interesting.
I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
(2) 如果先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which. 例如：I read all the books that you gave to me.
This is the only money that I have in my pocket.
All the money that was collected was given to the Hope Project.
(3) 如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。
This is the first book that was written in English.
This is the last factory that I visited.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
This is the funniest thing that I ever heard.
(4)如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.
This is the only book that I really like.
He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.
(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who, which.
例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
(6)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.
Who is the person that is standing there?
Which of us that knows English doesn’t know this?
which of the novel do you like best?
(7)关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.
It took us many years to make the city that it is today.
He is not the man that he used to be.
China isn’t the countr y it used to be.
(8) 先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that .
Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water.
(9) 当主句“there be “开头时，关系代词要用that 引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。
There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.
(10) 当先行词是“to be “ 后面的表语时关系代词用that .
This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.
<2>．只能用which的情况
1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
Bei jing , which is china’s capital, is rich in culture.
2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。
That pen which he took is mine.
A shop should keep those goods which sells well.
3)介词后只用which
This is the room in which he lived.
I don’t know the man to whom you talked.
The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，不用that..例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5)先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
(6) 关系代词后面有插入语时，益用关系代词which.
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.
<3>．只用who, whom.而不用that的情况
(1)如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,those, ones等时，关系代词应该用
who 或whom，不用which .that。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
People all like those who have good manners.
（2）当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
Mr. Smith came to visit my family, who were watching TV then.
Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.
(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句中，宜用关系代词who
Pro. Wang is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.
(4) 当先行词用-body 或-one 构成的复合不定代词时，关系代词用who
We’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know.
(5) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用who
The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister.
（七）．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1)“介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物
Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands?
He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river
Give me the book the cover of which is red (the cover of which=whose cover)
He is the man whose father is a teacher.=He is the man the father of whom is a teacher.
This is the neighborhood from whom I borrowed the bicycle.
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句（不常用）。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
（3）***关系代词前的介词如何确定？
A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
There was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way)
C.根据所表达的意思确定
The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.
The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.
(4)***注意关系代词的位置
介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和whom不能用that 代替，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且还可以省略。
This is the drawer in which I put my letters.
= This is the drawer (which/that )I put my letters in.
Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning?
= Have you seen the pen (which/that) I wrote letters with this morning?
所以一个句子有时有多种用法
如：那就是他工作的大学
This is the college at which he works.
This is the college that/which he works at.
This is the college where he works.
但像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
This is the book which /that I am looking for.
This is the girl I have been looking for the whole afternoon.
（八）whose 引导从句的意义
1）指人=of whom 表示所修饰的“某（些）人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
2) 指物=of which表所修饰的“某物的“
I live in the room whose window faces south.
I live in the room, the window of which faces south
( whose +从句可以用“of which +从句”代替)
（九）As 与which 是有区别的
A) 相同之处：都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的主句所表达的内容。which 可做宾语或表语
He failed once more in the match, which was a great pity.
He succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy.
B)区别：
1）as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
1) As we all know, Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right.
= Galileo’s theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right
= Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.
2) He was thrown into prison, which got round throughout our village
3) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
4) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
5) He was late again, which made me unhappy
6) As you know, he is good at English.
2.）as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含义，which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。
Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected.
Our team won the game, which made us happy.
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.
We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
We hope to get the tool which he is using.
3.) as 在引导限制性定语从句多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
the same…as such….as
This is the same story as he told me.
I hope to get such a book as he is using
4).as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。可代表一个句子。例如：
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
5).as做主语时，其后必跟系动词，而which 无此限制
The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted.He was murdered,as seemed true.
6)as引导从句时，从句语义必须和主句一致
She was married again, which was unexpected
She was married again, as was unexpected 7
7）the same …as 与the same ..that 的区别：前者修饰的是原物同样的
而后者修饰的就是先行词
This is thesame watch as I lost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。
This is the dame watch that I lost.着就是我丢的那一只手表。
（十）什么时候that 可以省略？
1) 引导同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句不能省略，且不做成分。
The name “ whitewater ”comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers l ooks white when it moves quickly.
It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines. (that 置后可一省略)
The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ( 有时可省，一般不省)
2）宾语从句中可以省略
I don’t think (that) you are right.
3）that 只有在定语从句中做成分，可做主、宾、表语。
（十一）关系代词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。
I want to see the film that is on show.
The students who don’t study hard will not pas the exam.
(十二)one of the… 与the one of the … 做先行词时谓语不一致。
Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China.
Li Bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in China.
This is one of the books that I have been written in Chinese.
This is the only one of the books that has been written in Chinese.
He is one of the boys who are willing to do it.
He is the only one of the boys who is willing to do it.
（十三）．关系副词引导的定语从句
1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
1)when 表示时间,充当时间状语when=on/ in/ of /at…+which
I still remember the day when I join the party
1.当先行词是表地点：place ,room, mountain,airport等时间：time,day, year, month, week,等原因：reason 等名词时,并且分别在句中做地点、时间、原因状语时，应用where ,when ,why引导。但是如果如果表示时间地点原因的名词不做状语，而是做主语，宾语，或者表语时，必须用关系代词that /which来引导而不是用where等。
I still remember the daythat we spent together。
May 1 is the day that I will never forget。
The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that /which) people all over the world look forward to visiting.
长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。
The moment (that /which) I turned around, she had left and disappeared in the crowd.
Is this the reason that he gave us for being late?
This is the factory that we visited
That is the house that he lived in..
The place that we had been to was far.
The shop that /which we saw is beautiful.
2.当先行词为by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时，关系词不用when而用that.或省略
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
The first time I saw him was in 1980
By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics
但如果time前无修饰语,关系词用that when 均可
I will never forgot the time when (that) we met for the first time.
3.当先行词为way 时，关系词用in which ,that,或省略.
This is the way that/ in which / 不加he smiles.
但注意：
4.why 表示原因（现行词只有一个reason），做原因状语。Why= for which
That is the reason why he was late.
（十四）学生容易出现的问题。
1.在定语从句中多加了宾语，如：
Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.
Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.
Is this the horse you drew it yesterday?
Is this the horse you drew yesterday?
2.把定语从句的动词的单复数弄错。
Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.
They key opens the room is missing.
Those who have finished may leave the classroom now.
This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.
This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward.
3.省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词。
Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.
Children who eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.
They key opens the room is missing.
They key which/that opens the room is missing.
4.定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或者是介词。
The house where he lives in needs repairing.
The house where he lives needs repairing.
The house which/that he lives in needs repairing.
This is the time at when he’s more likely to be in.
This is the time when he’s more likely to be in.
This is the time at which he’s more likely to be in.
（十五）代有插入语的定语从句who 与whom 的选用。
担主语成分时用who ,担宾格成分时用whom
方法：要区分是定语从句中的插入语还是主谓结构。
Jason is a man who (I believed) is honest.(去掉仍成立)
Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest.
做宾语
The girl who we supposed was drowned came back.
The girl who we supposed to be drowned came back.
（十六）什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句
1）当先行词是专有名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句，它本身就具有特殊性，无需在加限定。Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a garden .
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
2) 当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一个，但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个，compare: Her room has a window which faces south.
Her room has a window, which faces south.
I have a brother who is working in Beijing.
I have a brother, who is working in Beijing.
3.当先行词表示类属意义，即表示某类动物，事物或人时，其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。
A sleep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses.
Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world.
语法复习二：动词时态
1 一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的
动作，常与表示频腮度的时
间状语连用。时间状语：
e v e r y…,s o m e t i m e s,a t…,
o n S u n d a y I l e a v e h o m e f o r
s c h o o l a t7e v e r y m o r n i n g.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学
事实。T h e e a r t h m o v e s
a r o u n d t h e s u n.S h a n g h a i
l i e s i n t h e e a s t o f C h i n a.3)
表示格言或警句中。P r i d e
g o e s b e f o r e a f a l l.骄者
必败。注意：此用法如果出
现在宾语从句中，即使主句
是过去时，从句谓语也要用
一般现在时。例：C o l u m b u s
p r o v e d t h a t t h e e a r t h i s
r o u n d..4)现在时刻的状
态、能力、性格、个性。I
d o n't w a n t s o m u c h.A n n
W a n g w r i t e s g o o d E n g l i s h
b u t d o e s n o t s p e a k w e l l.比
较：N o w I p u t t h e s u g a r i n
t h e c u p.I a m d o i n g m y
h o m e w o r k n o w.第一句用一般
现在时，用于操作演示或指
导说明的示范性动作，表示
言行的瞬间动作。再如：N o w
w a t c h m e,I s w i t c h o n t h e
c u r r e n t a n
d s t a n d b a c k.
第二句中的n o w是进行时
的标志，表示正在进行的动
作的客观状况，所以后句用
一般现在时。
2 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里
所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：y e s t e r d a y,
l a s t w e e k,a n h o u r a g o,t h e
o t h e r d a y,i n1982等。
W h e r e d i d y o u g o j u s t n o w?2）
表示在过去一段时间内，经
常性或习惯性的动作。
W h e n I w a s a c h i l d,I o f t e n
p l a y e d f o o t b a l l i n t h e
s t r e e t.W h e n e v e r t h e
B r o w n s w e n t d u r i n g t h e i r
v i s i t,t h e y w e r e g i v e n a
w a r m w e l c o m e.3）句型：I t
i s t i m e f o r s b.t o d o s t h"到……时间了""该……了"
I t i s t i m e s b.d i d s t h."
时间已迟了""早该……了"
I t i s t i m e f o r y o u t o g o t o
b e d.你该睡觉了。I t i s
t i m e y o u w e n t t o b e d.
你早该睡觉了。w o u l d(h a d) r a t h e r s b.d i d s t h.表示'
宁愿某人做某事'I'd r a t h e r
y o u c a m e t o m o r r o w.4)w i s h,
w o n d e r,t h i n k,h o p e等用
过去时，作试探性的询问、
请求、建议等。I t h o u g h t y o u
m i g h t h a v e s o m e.我以为你
想要一些。比较：一般
过去时表示的动作或状态都
已成为过去，现已不复存在。
C h r i s t i n e w a s a n i n v a l i d
a l l h e r l i f e.(含义：她已
不在人间。)C h r i s t i n e h a s
b e e n a n i n v a l i d a l l h e r l i f e. (含义：她现在还活着)M r s.
D a r b y l i v e d i n K e n t u c k y f o r
s e v e n y e a r s.(含义：达
比太太已不再住在肯塔基
州。)M r s.D a r b y h a s l i v e d i n
K e n t u c k y f o r s e v e n
y e a r s.(含义：现在还住在
肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
注意：用过去时表示现在，
表示委婉语气。1）动词
w a n t,h o p e,w o n d e r,t h i n k,
i n t e n d等。D i d y o u w a n t
a n y t h i n g e l s e?I w o n d e r e d
i f y o u c o u l d h e l p m e.2）情
态动词c o u l d,
w o u l d.C o u l d y o u l e n d m e
y o u r b i k e?
3 used to / be used to u s e d t o+d o："过去常
常"表示过去习惯性的动作
或状态，但如今已不存在。
M o t h e r u s e d n o t t o b e s o
f o r
g e t f u l.S c a r f u s e d t o
t a k e a w a l k.(过去常常散
步)b e u s e d t o+d o i n g：对……已感到习惯，或"习惯
于"，t o是介词，后需加名词
或动名词。H e i s u s e d t o a
v e g e t a r i a n d i e t.S c a r f i s
u s e d t o t a k i n g a w a l k.(现
在习惯于散步)典型例题
----Y o u r p h o n e n u m b e r
a g a i n?I___q u i t e c a t c h
i t.----I t's6*******.A.
d i d n't B.c o u l d n't C.d o n't D.
c a n't答案A.本句虽
没有明确的时间状语，但从
语意上看出，在听的时候没
有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
4 一般将来时1)s h a l l用于第一人称，
常被w i l l所代替。w i l l在
陈述句中用于各人称，在争
求意见时常用于第二人称。
W h i c h p a r a g r a p h s h a l l I
r e a d f i r s t.W i l l y o u b e a t
h o m e a t s e v e n t h i s
e v e n i n g?2)b e g o i n g t o+不
定式，表示将来。a.主语
的意图，即将做某事。W h a t
a r e y o u g o i n g t o d o
t o m o r r o w?b.计划，安排要
发生的事。T h e p l a y i s
g o i n g t o b e p r o d u c e d n e x t
m o n t h。c.有迹象要发生
的事L o o k a t t h e d a r k
c l o u
d s,t h
e r e i s g o i n g t o
b e a s t o r m.3)b e+不定式表
将来，按计划或正式安排将
发生的事。W e a r e t o
d i s c u s s t h
e r e p o r t n e x t
S a t u r d a y.4)b e a b o u t t o+不
定式，意为马上做某事。H e i s
a b o u t t o l e a v e f o r B e i j i n g.
注意：b e a b o u t t o不能与
t o m o r r o w,n e x t w e e k等表
示明确将来时的时间状语连
用。
5 be going to / will用于条件句时，b e
g o i n g t o表将来
w i l l表意愿I f y o u a r e
g o i n g t o m a k e a j o u r n e y,
y o u'd b e t t e r g e t r e a d y f o r
i t a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e.N o w
i f y o u w i l l t a k e o f f y o u r
c l o t h e s,w e w i l l f i t t h e
n e w c l o t h e s o n y o u i n f r o n t
o f t h e m i r r o r. 6 be to和be going to b e t o
表示客观安排或受人指示而
做某事。b e g o i n g t o表
示主观的打算或计划。I a m
t o p l a y f o o t b a l l t o m o r r o w
a f t e r n o o n.(客观安排)I'm
g o i n g t o p l a y f o o t b a l l
t o m o r r o w a f t e r n o o n.(主观
安排)
7 一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：c o m e,g o,
a r r i v e,l e a v e,s t a r t,
b e g i n, r e t u r n的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已
确定或安排好的事情。T h e
t r a i n l e a v e s a t s i x
t o m o r r o w m o r n i n g.W h e n
d o
e s t h e b u s s t a r?I t s t a r s
i n t e n m i n u t e s.2）倒装句，
表示动作正在进行，如：
H e r e c o m e s t h e b u s.=T h e
b u s i s
c o m i n g.T h e r e g o e s
t h e b e l l.=T h e b e l l i s
r i n g i n g.3）在时间或条件句
中。W h e n B i l l c o m e s(不
是w i l l c o m e),a s k h i m t o
w a i t f o r m e.I'l l w r i t e t o
y o u a s s o o n a s I a r r i v e
t h e r e.4）在动词h o p e,t a k e
c a r e t h a t,m a k e s u r e t h a t
等后。I h o p e t h e y h a v e a
n i c e t i m e n e x t w e e k.M a k e
s u r e t h a t t h e w i n d o w s a r e
c l o s e
d b
e
f o r e y o u l e a v e t h e
r o o m.
8 用现在进行时表示将来意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词
为c o m e,g o,s t a r t,a r r i v e, l e a v e,s t a y等。I'm
l e a v i n g t o m o r r o w.A r e
y o u s t a y i n g h e r e t i l l n e x t
w e e k?9 现在完成时现在完成时用
来表示之前已发生或完成的
动作或状态，其结果的确
和现在有联系。动作或状态
发生在过去但它的影响现
在还存在；也可表示持续到
现在的动作或状态。其构
成：h a v e(h a s)+过去分词。
10 比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去
某时发生的动作或单纯叙述
过去的事情，强调动作；现
在完成时为过去发生的，强
调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时
常与具体的时间状语连用，
而现在完成时通常与模糊的
时间状语连用，或无时间状
语。一般过去时的时间状
语:y e s t e r d a y,l a s t w e e k，…
a g o,i n1980,i n O c t o
b e r,
j u s t n o w,具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:t h i s
m o r n i n g,t o n i g h t,t h i s
A p r i l,n o w,o n c e，b e f o r e,
a l r e a d y,r e c e n t l y，l a t e l y
现在完成时的时间状语f o r,
s i n c e,s o f a r,e v e r,n e v e r,
j u s t,y e t,t i l l/u n t i l,u p
t o n o w,i n p a s t y e a r s,
a l w a y s,不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到
现在的动作或状态，动词一
般是延续性的，如l i v e,
t e a c h,l e a r n,w o r k,s t u d y,
k n o w.过去时常用的非持
续性动词有c o m e,g o,l e a v e, s t a r t,d i e,f i n i s h,b e c o m e,
g e t m a r r i e d等。举例：I
s a w t h i s f i l m y e s t e r d a y.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I h a v e s e e n t h i s f i l m.
（强调对现在的影响，电影
的内容已经知道了。）
W h y d i d y o u g e t u p s o e a r l y?
（强调起床的动作已发生过
了。）W h o h a s n't h a n d e d i n
h i s p a p e r?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）S h e
h a s r e t u r n e d f r o m P a r i s.她
已从巴黎回来了。S h e
r e t u r n e d y e s t e r d a y.她是
昨天回来了。H e h a s b e e n
i n t h e L e a g u e f o r t h r e e
y e a r s.(在团内的状态可延续) H e h a s b e e n a L e a g u e m e m b e r
f o r t h r e e y e a r s.(是团员的
状态可持续)H e j o i n e d t h e
L e a g u e t h r e e y e a r s
a g o.(三年前入团，j o i n e d
为短暂行为。)I h a v e
f i n i s h e d m y h o m e w o r k n o w.
---W i l l s o m e b o d y g o a n d g e t
D r.W h i t e?---H e's a l r e a d y
b e e n s e n t f o r.句子中如有过
去时的时间副词（如
y e s t e r d a y,l a s t,w e e k,i n 1960）时，不能使用现在完
成时，要用过去时。（错）
T o m h a s w r i t t e n a l e t t e r t o
h i s p a r e n t s l a s t n i g h t.（对）
T o m w r o t e a l e t t e r t o h i s
p a r e n t s l a s t n i g h t.
11 用于现在完成时的句型1）I t i s t h e f i r s t/
s e c o n d t i m e….t h a t…结构
中的从句部分，用现在完成
时。I t i s t h e f i r s t t i m e
t h a t I h a v e v i s i t e d t h e c i t y.
I t w a s t h e t h i r d t i m e t h a t
t h e b o y h a d b e e n l a t e.2）
T h i s i s t h e…t h a t…结构，
t h a t从句要用现在完成时.
T h i s i s t h e b e s t f i l m t h a t
I'v e(e v e r)s e e n.这是我
看过的最好的电影。T h i s
i s t h e f i r s t t i m e(t h a t)
I'v e h e a r d h i m s i n g.这是
我第一次听他唱歌。典型例
题(1)---D o y o u k n o w o u r
t o w n a t a l l?---N o,t h i s i s
t h e f i r s t t i m e I___h e r e.A.
w a s B.h a v e b e e n C.c a m e D.
a m c o m i n g答案B.T h i s i s
t h e f i r s t t i m e后面所加从
句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2)---H a v e y o u____b e e n
t o o u r t o w n b e f o r e?---N o,
i t's t h e f i r s t t i m e I___
h e r e.A.e v e n,c o m e B.e v e n,
h a v e c o m e C.e v e r,c o m e D.
e v e r,h a v e c o m e答案D.e v e r
意为曾经或无论何时，反意
词为n e v e r，此两词常用于完
成时。T h i s i s t h e l a r g e s t
f i s h I h a v e e v e r s e e n.I t i s
/w a s t h e f i r s t t i m e
+t h a t-c l a u s e的句型中，从
句要用完成时。注意：非延
续性动词的否定形式可以与
表示延续时间的状语连用。
即动作不发生的状态是可以
持续的。（错）I h a v e r e c e i v e d
h i s l e t t e r f o r a m o n t h.（对）
I h a v e n't r e c e i v e d h i s
l e t t e r f o r a l m o s t a m o n t h.
12 比较since和for S i n c e用来说明动作
起始时间，f o r用来说明动作
延续时间长度。I h a v e l i v e d
h e r e f o r m o r e t h a n t w e n t y
y e a r s.I h a v e l i v e d h e r e
s i n c e I w a s b o r n..M y a u n t
h a s w o r k e d i n a c l i n i c
s i n c e1949.S o m e n e w
o i l f i e l d s h a v e b e e n o p e n e d
u p s i n c e1976.I h a v e k n o w n
X i a o L i s i n c e s h e w a s a
l i t t l e g i r l.M y b r o t h e r h a s
b e e n i n t h e Y o u t h L e a g u e
f o r t w o y e a r s.I h a v e n o t
h e a r d f r o m m y u n c l e f o r a
l o n g t i m e.注意：并非有f o r
作为时间状语的句子都用现
在完成时。I w o r k e d h e r e
f o r m o r e t h a n t w e n t y y e a r s. (我现在已不在这里工作。)I
h a v e w o r k e d h e r e f o r m a n y
y e a r s.(现在我仍在这里工
作。)小窍门：当现在完成
时+一段时间，这一结构中，
我们用下面的公式转化，很
容易就能排除非延续动词在
完成时中的误使。1)(对)T o m
h a s s t u d i e d R u s s i a n f o r
t h r e e y e a r s.=T o m
b e g a n t o s t u d y R u s s i a n
t h r e e y e a r s a g o,a n d i s
s t i l l s t u d y i n g i t n o w.2)(错) H a r r y h a s g o t m a r r i e d f o r
s i x y e a r s.=H a r r y b e g a n t o
g e t m a r r i e d s i x y e a r s a g o, a n d i s s t i l l g e t t i n g m a r r i e d n o w.显然，第二
句不对，它应改为H a r r y g o t m a r r i e d s i x y e a r s a g o.或H a r r y h a s b e e n m a r r i e d f o r s i x y e a r s.13 since的四种用法1) s i n c e+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,l a s t m o n t h,h a l f p a s t s i x)。I h a v e b e e n h e r e s i n c e1989.2)s i n c e+一段时间+a g o I h a v e b e e n h e r e s i n c e f i v e m o n t h s a g o.3)s i n c e+从句
G r e a t c h a n g e s h a v e t a k e n p l a c e s i n c e y o u l e f t.
C o n s i d e r a b l e t i m e h a s e l a p s e d s i n c e w e h a v e b e e n h e r e.4)I t i s+一段时间+ s i n c e从句I t i s t w o y e a r s s i n c e I b e c a m e a p o s t g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t.
14 延续动词与瞬间动词1)用于完成时的区
别延续动词表示经验、
经历；瞬间动词表示行为的
结果，不能与表示段的时间
状语连用。H e h a s c o m p l e t e d t h e w o r k.他
已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I'v e k n o w n h i m s i n c e t h e n.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于t i l l/ u n t i l从句的差异延续动词
用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"瞬间动词用于否
定句，表示"到……，才……"H e d i d n't c o m e b a c k u n t i l t e n o'c l o c k.他
到10点才回来。H e s l e p t u n t i l t e n o'c l o c k.他一直睡到10点。典型例
题1.Y o u d o n't n e e d t o d e s c r i b e h e r.I___h e r s e v e r a l t i m e s.A.h a d m e t B.
h a v e m e t C.m e t D.m e e t答
案B.首先本题后句强调对
现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，
s e v e r a l t i m e s告知为反复发
生的动作，因此用现在完成
时。2.---I'm s o r r y t o k e e p
y o u w a i t i n g.---O h,n o t a t
a l l.I___h e r e o n l y a f e w
m i n u t e s.A.h a v e b e e n B.h a d
b e e n C.w a s D.w i l l b e答案
A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成
时。
15 过去完成时1）概念：表示过去的过
去----|-------|-----|---->
其构成是h a d+过去分词构成。那时以前那时现在
2）用法a.在t o l d,s a i d,
k n e w,h e a r d,t h o u g h t等动
词后的宾语从句。S h e s a i d
(t h a t)s h e h a d n e v e r b e e n
t o P a r i s.b.状语从句在过
去不同时间发生的两个动作
中，发生在先，用过去完成
时；发生在后，用一般过去
时。W h e n t h e p o l i c e
a r r i v e d,t h e t h i e v e s h a d
r u n a w a y.c.表示意向的动
词，如h o p e,w i s h,e x p e c t,
t h i n k,i n t e n d,m e a n,
s u p p o s e等，用过去完成时表
示"原本…，未能…"W e h a d
h o p e d t h a t y o u w o u l d c o m e,
b u t y o u d i d n't.3)过去完
成时的时间状语b e f o r e,b y,
u n t i l,w h e n,a f t e r,o n c e,
a s s o o n a s。H e s a i d t h a t
h e h a d l e a r n e d s o m e E n g l i s h
b e f o r e.B y t h e t i m e h e w a s
t w e l v e,E d i s o n h a d b e g a n t o
m a k e a l i v i n g b y
h i m s e l f.T o m w a s
d i s a p p o i n t
e d t h a t m o s t o f
t h e g u e s t s h a d l e f t w h e n h e
a r r i v e d a t t h e p a r t y.典
型例题T h e s t u d e n t s___
b u s i l y w h e n M i s s B r o w n
w e n t t o g e t a b o o k s h e___
i n t h e o f f i c e.A.h a d
w r i t t e n,l e f t B，w e r e
w r i t i n g,h a s l e f t C.h a d
w r i t t e n,h a d l e f t D.w e r e
w r i t i n g,h a d l e f t答案D."
把书忘在办公室"发生在"去
取书"这一过去的动作之前，
因此"忘了书"这一动作发生
在过去的过去，用过去完成
时。句中w h e n表示的是时
间的一点，表示在"同学们正
忙于……"这一背景下，w h e n
所引导的动作发生。因此前
一句应用过去进行时。注意：
h a d n o…w h e n
还没等……就……
h a d n o s o o n e r…t h a n 刚……就……H e h a d n o
s o o n e r b o u g h t t h e c a r t h a n
h e s o l d i t.
16 用一般过去时代替完成时1)两个动作如按顺
序发生，又不强调先后，或
用t h e n，a n d，b u t等连词
时，多用一般过去时。W h e n
s h e s a w t h e m o u s e，s h e
s c r e a m e d.M y a u n t g a v e m e a
h a t a n d I l o s t i t.2)两个
动作相继发生，可用一般过
去时；如第一个动作需要若
干时间完成，用过去完成时。
W h e n I h e a r d t h e n e w s,I w a s
v e r y e x c i t e d.3)叙述历史
事实，可不用过去完成时，
而只用一般过去时。O u r
t e a c h e r t o l d u s t h a t
C o l u m b u s d i s c o v e r e d
A m e r i c a i n1492.
17 将来完成时1)构成w i l l/b e g o i n g
t o d o s t h.2)概念a.状
态完成：表示某事继续到将
来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b.动作完成：表示将来某一
时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的
经验。T h e y w i l l h a v e b e e n
m a r r i e d f o r20y e a r s b y
t h e n.Y o u w i l l h a v e r e a c h e d
S h a n g h a i b y t h i s t i m e
t o m o r r o w.18 现在进行时现在进行时
的基本用法：a.表示现在
(指说话人说话时)正在
发生的事情。W e a r e w a i t i n g
f o r y o u.b.习惯进行：表示
长期的或重复性的动作，说
话时动作未必正在进行。
M r.G r e e n i s w r i t i n g
a n o t h e r n o v e l.(说话时并未
在写，只处于写作的状态。)
S h e i s l e a r n i n g p i a n o u n d e r
M r.S m i t h.c.表示渐变的
动词有：g e t,g r o w,b e c o m e,
t u r n,r u n,g o,b e g i n等。
T h e l e a v e s a r e t u r n i n g r e d.
I t's g e t t i n g w a r m e r a n d
w a r m e r.d.与a l w a y s,
c o n s t a n t l y,f o r e v e r等词
连用，表示反复发生的动作
或持续存在的状态，往往带
有说话人的主观色彩。Y o u
a r e a l w a y s c h a n g i n g y o u r
m i n d.典型例题M y
d i c t i o n a r y___,I h a v e
l o o k e d f o r i t e v e r y w h e r e
b u t s t i l l___i t.A.h a s l o s t, d o n't f i n d B.i s m i s s i n g,
d o n't f i n d C.h a s l o s t,
h a v e n't f o u n d D.i s m i s s i n g, h a v e n't f o u n d.答案D.前
句是一个仍在持续的状态，
应用进行时，由于没有找到，
其影响仍然存在，应用完成
时，瞬间动词用于否定式时
可用于完成时。
19 不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词
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t w o b r o t h e r s.T h i s h o u s e
b e l o n g s t o m y s i s t e r.2)心
理状态的动词K n o w,r e a l i z e, t h i n k s e e,b e l i e v e,s u p p o s e, i m a g i n e,a g r e e,r e c o g n i z e,
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v e r y m u c h.3)瞬间动词
a c c e p t,r e c e i v e,c o m p l e t e,
f i n i s h,
g i v e,a l l o w,d e c i d e, r e f u s e.I a c c e p t y o u r
a d v i c e.4)系动词s e e m,
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 盐城市龙冈中学牛津高中英语模块一测试题 命题人：程永华 第一卷(选择题，共75分) I.听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How much is the skirt? A.$19.15. B.$9.15. C.$9.50 2.What are the two speakers doing? A.They are having a rest. B.They want to have dinner. C.They are hiking on a hill. 3.What does the man mean? A.He doesn't like Chinese food. B.He doesn't want to eat out. C.He wants to pay for the meal. 4.What did the man do yesterday evening? A.He had dinner with his friend. B.He visited a friend. C.He saw a film. 5.When does Mr Brown have to be at the airport? A.At 8:30. B.At 9:30. C.At 10:30. 第二节（共15小题，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6.What kind of color TV does the woman want to buy? A.A small one. B.A big one. C.A cheap one. 7.What's the man's opinion about buying a TV? A.The woman should buy a small one. B.The woman should buy a big one. C.The woman should buy a cheap one. 8.Why does the man give the woman such a suggestion? A.Because the big one is too expensive. B.Because she will have to change it in a few years. C.Because her sitting room isn't very big. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9.Where is the boy going to spend his holiday? A.In the city. B.In his hometown. C.Abroad. 10.What will he do there? A.Do some farm work. B.Study at home. C.Do some housework. 11.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The girl knows how to farm. B.The boy's grandparents don't live in the city. C.The boy's school is in the country. 听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。 12.What are the man and the woman looking for? A.A comfortable hotel. B.A modern hotel. C.A cheap hotel. 13.Where could the man and the woman find the hotel they need? A.Next to the bank. B.A two minutes' drive to the west. C.On the left side of the street.
牛津高中英语课文翻译 牛津高中英语模块1课文翻译 Unit 1 School life in the UK 英国校园生活 Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3:30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual, as school in China begin before 8 a.m. 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。 On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. 在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。 I had many teachers in the past year. Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke – I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。 I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。 My English improved a lot, as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。
牛津高中英语必修一词汇表 Unit 1 enjoyable / enjoy/ enjoyment adj.有乐趣的/vt.喜爱，享有/n.愉快，乐趣，令人愉快事experience /experienced n.&vt经历，体验/adj.老练的，有经验的assembly n.集会，会议 headmaster n.校长 earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得 earn a/one's living 谋生 respect / respectable n. vt.尊敬，敬重/adj.值得尊敬的，体面的 show/have respect for 尊敬/敬重… with respect 尊敬地 respect sb/sth for…因…敬重/尊重某人或某物 devote /devoted vt.致力于；献身/adj.专心致志的，挚爱的 devote oneself to 献身于 devote one's time/energy to…把时间/精力奉献于… literature n.文学 average adj.一般的，普通的；平均的n.平均数，一般水平 on average 平均的 above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下 struggle vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎，n. 难事；斗争；努力struggle for 为…而斗争 struggle with/against 与…而斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 challenging /challenge adj.具有挑战性的/n.&vt.挑战encouragement /encourage n.鼓励/vt.鼓励 an encouragement to sb 对某人来说是一个鼓励 cooking / cooker/ cook n.做饭；烹饪，烹调/n.炊具/n.厨师 for free 免费 extra adj.额外的，外加的 fond adj. 喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of 喜爱，喜欢 Spanish n. adj.班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的）sculpture n.雕像，雕塑 dessert n. 甜点 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction / satisfy /satisfied n.满意/vt.满足，使满意/adj.满意的/adj.令人满意的/satisfactory to one's satisfaction 令人满意的是 surf vt. vi.冲浪 academic adj. 学业的，学术的 exchange n. vt. 交换；交流 in exchange for 作为…的交换 exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物 exchange sth for sth 以…交换...
高中英语模块一UNIT3 一、重要单词： 1.make make up 编造；化妆make out 看出，辨认出；理解；填写，写出，拼凑 make up for 弥补be made up of(=consist of) 由……组成 make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意 2.stay/remain stay up late 熬夜stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱3.exercise take more exercise 多锻炼 a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式 do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习 do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操 4.die die from……(polluted air,overwork) 死于（外因） die of……(cancer,grief,hunger,anger) 死于（内因） be dying for sth/to do sth. 渴望做某事deadly disease 致命的疾病 die happy 安乐死die out 绝种die down （风力、声音等）渐渐消失，平息，变弱5.辨析：another 同类的另一个，接可数名词单数或接数词加可数名词复数 the other 常用语one……the other…… the others （有范围的）其他的 others （无范围的）其他的 6.辨析：especially 尤其（=particularly） particularly 尤其（in particular）；对……挑剔（be particularly about） 【注：particular in spring 尤其在春天（不能用especially）】specially 特别、专程（例如at a special price） 7.weigh[v.] weight[n.] weighty[adj.] put on weight 增重lose weight 减肥 weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）have one’s luggage weighed 给行李称过重 8.agree agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree that……同意…… agree with one’s ideas/what sb. does 同意某人的观点/所做的事 agree to……(term,plan,proposal,suggestion,advice) 同意/接受 agree on……在……上达成共识 9.recover[v.] recovery[n.] recover from……从……中恢复过recover oneself 恢复神智 recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得 10.match match sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人match……=go with 和……相配 a good match for 对……来说很得体strike a match 擦火柴 11.辨析：damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复 destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深 harm 对……有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果 ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）
vacation“假期”，指正式规定的较长的假期，不指假日或节日。 the summer／winter vacation暑／寒假 take a vacation休假 three weeks of vacation 三周的假 on vacation (在)度假 ①He is on vacation in Italy． 他在意大利度假。 ②你要到哪儿度假? Where are you going for your vacation? can‘t wait to do 等不及做… I can’t wait to surprise the boys． 我都等不及要让孩子们大吃一惊了。①I can’t wait to sing for you 我实在想给你们唱一首歌。 ②这小男孩实在等不及了, 开始吃可口的鱼。 The little boy couldn’t wait to eat the delicious fish . Surprise 1.vt.使惊奇；使惊讶 What you said surprised me . I am surprised at what you said just now . What surprised me most was that the little boy could speak English so well . adj. surprising 令人吃惊的surprised 吃惊的；受惊的 a.It is surprising that they lost . b.I am surprisedthat they lost c.She wore a surprisedlook when she came into the room . n.令人惊奇的事（可数）吃惊；惊奇 It was a pleasant surprise to see them again . To my surprise, he came back so soon. follow Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly. (followed作伴随状语,walking 作定语) 1). The teacher came into the classroom, following the students 2). The teacher came into the classroom, followed by the students 3). There was a terrible noise, following a sudden burst of light (闪电). 4. There was a sudden burst of light, followed by a terrible noise Summary: 分词的选择取决于主句的主语。如主句的主语是动作的发出者，就选用现在分词表主
牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲） 【教学内容与教学要求】 一、教学内容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上） 二、教学要求： 1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。 Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。 3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．语法：定语从句（一） 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、重要单词： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重点词组： class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪 【难点讲解】 1.What is your dream school life like? 你理想中的学校生活是什么样子? 这里dream表示心目中最理想的. 如dream team (梦之队)。
模块一 Unit1 enjoyable adj.有趣的, 愉快的 experience n. 经历, 经验vt. 经历, 体验 assembly n. 集合, 集会, 装配 headmaster n. (中小学的)校长 earn vt. 赚得, 赢得, 生利 respect n. 尊敬, 敬重; 关系, 方面vt. 尊敬, 尊重; 关于, 涉及devote vt. 投入于,献身 literature n. 文学, 文献 average n. 平均数,平均水平 adj. 一般的,通常的,平均的 vt. &vi.平均值，达到平均水平 struggle n. 竞争,努力,奋斗v. 努力,奋斗,挣扎challenging adj.具有挑战性的;引起兴趣的;令人深思的 v.挑战，质疑(challenge的现在分词) encouragement n. 鼓励 cooking adj. 烹饪的 n. 烹饪动词(cook的现在分词) for free adj. 免费 extra adj. 额外的adv. 特别地n. 额外的事物，另外收费的Spanish adj. 西班牙的n. 西班牙语 sculpture n. 雕塑vt. 雕刻,雕塑vi. 当雕刻师 dessert n. 甜食 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction n. 赔偿,满意,妥善处理,乐事,确信 surf n. 海浪拍岸,冲浪 vi. 冲浪,浏览vt. 浏览 academic n. 教学人员,学术人adj. 学院的,理论的,学术性的exchange n. 交换,交换物,汇兑,交易所vt. &vi. 交换,交易,兑换former adj. 以前的,在前的, 前任的pron.&n. 前者 n. 模型，样板，构成者，创造者，起形成作用的人，[无线]线圈架 fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的 painting n. 水彩画,油画 donate vt. 捐赠,转移(电子) vi. 捐款
牛津高中英语模块一到模块五单词表 牛津高中英语模块一词汇表】 ※ Unit 1 enjoyable experience assembly headmaster 有乐趣的 经历，体验 集会，会议 校长 earn respect devote literature average struggle 事；斗争； challenging encouragement cooking for free extra fond be fond of Spanish 牙人(的) sculpture dessert look back (on) satisfaction surf academic exchange former graducate fluent painting donate kindness splendid independent make use of 获得；赚，挣得 尊敬，敬重 致力于；献身 文学 一般的，普通的；平均的 奋斗，努力；挣扎， 努力 具有挑战性的 鼓励 做饭；烹饪，烹调 免费 额外的，外加的 喜爱的，喜欢的 喜爱，喜欢 西班牙语（的） ；西班 雕像，雕塑 甜点 回忆，回顾 满意 冲浪 学业的，学术的 交换；交流 以前的 毕业生，毕业 流利的 绘画，绘画作品 捐赠 善意 极佳的，非常好的 独立的 利用 title （书的）名称；（文章的）题 目，篇名 dynasty 朝代，王朝 somehow 不知为什么； 不知怎么 地 recent 新近的，最近的 professor 教授 inform 通知，告知 opening hours 开放时间 run 管理；操作 host 主持人；主人，东道主 approve 批准，通过；赞成，同意 charge 使承担责任；收费，负责， 掌管 in charge of 负责，掌管 schoolmate 同学，校友 croadcast 广播，播放 preparation 准备，筹备 event （重要）事件；社交活动； 比赛项目 outing 短途旅行，远足 graduation 毕业 poet 诗人 generation 一代，一代人 literary 文学的 select 选择，挑选 courtyard 庭院，院子 composition 作品，成分 难 act （戏剧的）一幕 curtain 窗帘；（舞台上的）帷幕 can't wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事 soccer < 美> 英式足球，足球 frightened 受惊的；害怕的 be supposed to 应该 ??，应 当?? bend （使）弯曲，弯腰，屈身
牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲） 【教学容与教学要求】 一、教学容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上） 二、教学要求： 1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期 Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。 3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．语法：定语从句（一） 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、重要单词： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重点词组： class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪
vt. 出席, 参加M1U01 1 n. 集会, 会议M1U01 1 vt. 赚, 挣得, 获得M1U01 1 n.& vt. 尊敬, 敬重, 尊重M1U01 1 vt. 赢得，取得：实现，成就M1U01 1 n. 学分，成绩,等级M1U01 1 n. 文学(作品), 文艺, 著作, 文献M1U01 1 adj. 一般的, 普通的，通常的, 平均的M1U01 1 adj. 具有挑战性的M1U01 1 n. 午餐时间M1U01 1 vt. 给……发电子邮件M1U01 1 ad. 免费M1U01 1 a. 额外的,外加的M1U01 1 n. 做饭，烹饪，烹调M1U01 1 vt.&vi. 准备M1U01 1 vt. 放弃M1U01 1 n. 西班牙人, 西班牙语M1U01 1 n. 德国人, 德语M1U01 1 n. 木工手艺M1U01 1 vt. 想念, 思念M1U01 1 n. 餐后甜点M1U01 1 n. 运动场，操场M1U01 1 vt. 体验, 经历M1U01 1 n. 文章, 论文M1U01 1 n. 笔友M1U01 1 vt. 介绍, 传入, 引进M1U01 1 ad. 立即, 马上M1U01 1 a. 从前的, 以前的M1U01 1 ad. 最近M1U01 1 n. 文化M1U01 1 vt. 培养，养成M1U01 1 n. 照片，相片M1U01 1 vt. 捐赠, 捐献，赠予M1U01 1 n. 赠品, 礼物M1U01 1 vt. 陈列, 展览M1U01 1 n. 善举，好意, 善意M1U01 1 n. 客人, 来宾M1U01 1 n. 演说, 演讲, 讲话M1U01 1 n. 套房，公寓M1U01 1 n. 书架, 书柜, 书橱M1U01 1 n. 注意, 关心, 关注M1U01 1 vt. 注意M1U01 1 vt. 使满意, 取悦M1U01 1 n. (书的)名称, (文章等的）标题，题目M1U01 1
牛津高中英语模块一到模块五单词表 【牛津高中英语模块一词汇表】 enjoyable 有乐趣的experience 经历，体验assembly 集会，会议headmaster 校长 earn 获得；赚，挣得respect 尊敬，敬重 devote 致力于；献身literature 文学 average 一般的，普通的；平均的struggle 奋斗，努力；挣扎，难事；斗争；努力 challenging 具有挑战性的encouragement 鼓励 cooking 做饭；烹饪，烹调 for free 免费 extra 额外的，外加的 fond 喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of 喜爱，喜欢Spanish 西班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的） sculpture 雕像，雕塑 dessert 甜点 look back (on) 回忆，回顾satisfaction 满意 surf 冲浪 academic 学业的，学术的exchange 交换；交流 former 以前的 graducate 毕业生，毕业 fluent 流利的 painting 绘画，绘画作品donate 捐赠 kindness 善意 splendid 极佳的，非常好的independent 独立的 make use of 利用title （书的）名称；（文章的）题目，篇名 dynasty 朝代，王朝somehow 不知为什么；不知怎么地 recent 新近的，最近的professor 教授 inform 通知，告知 opening hours 开放时间 run 管理；操作 host 主持人；主人，东道主approve 批准，通过；赞成，同意charge 使承担责任；收费，负责，掌管 in charge of 负责，掌管schoolmate 同学，校友croadcast 广播，播放preparation 准备，筹备event （重要）事件；社交活动；比赛项目 outing 短途旅行，远足graduation 毕业 poet 诗人 generation 一代，一代人literary 文学的 select 选择，挑选courtyard 庭院，院子composition 作品，成分 act （戏剧的）一幕 curtain 窗帘；（舞台上的）帷幕can't wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事soccer <美>英式足球，足球frightened 受惊的；害怕的 be supposed to 应该……，应当…… bend （使）弯曲，弯腰，屈身
高一英语模块一M1复习讲义 1、词汇过关 2、定语从句 3、完型阅读 M1 Unit1 课标词汇过关检测 一、重点单词 1. 致力于，献身__________________ 2.文学__________________________ 3.满意（n.）_____________________ 4.额外的_________________________ 5.西班牙语；西班牙人_____________ 6.学业的，学术的_________________ 7.以前的_________________________ 8.交换，交流_____________________ 9.毕业；毕业生___________________ 10.流利的________________________ 11.极佳的，非常好的______________ 12.朝代；王朝____________________ 13.教授__________________________ 14.不知为什么；不知怎么的________ 15.广播；播放____________________ 16.一代；一代人__________________ 17.选择，挑选____________________ 18.作品；成分____________________ 19.准备，筹备（n.）_______________ 20.（重要）事件_________________ 二、重点词组 1.喜爱，喜欢_____________________ 2.免费__________________________ 3.回忆，回顾______________________ 4.开放时间______________________ 5.负责，掌管______________________ 6.充分利用______________________ 7.尊重，尊敬某人__________________ 8.挣钱__________________________ 9.培养对…兴趣____________________ 10.平均_________________________ 11.遗憾地说_______________________ 12.准备一个演讲_________________ 13.把A介绍给B___________________ 14.对…感到满意_________________ 15.一到达飞机场___________________ 16.充当，当做____________________ 17.把某物捐给某人_________________ 18.后悔做了某事_________________ 19.靠近，紧挨着___________________ 20.通知某人某事_________________ 21.被要求做某事___________________ 22.赞成，同意某事________________
牛津高中英语－模块一至模块十语法 牛津高中英语－模块一 第一单元 一定语从句：定语从句的介绍 1．就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。 形容词：The green team 介词短语：The team in green 定语从句：The team who were wearing green 2．定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose,或关系副词来引导，如when, where, why。关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。 如：做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves. 做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 做定语She has a b rother whose name I can’t remember. 做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen. 二定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose 1．在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。
如：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest. 2．在定语从句中，who 用来指代人。 如：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK. 3．当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。 如：I don’t know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other day. 4．当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。 如：He likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him. 5．Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。 如：I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. 第二单元 一定语从句：介词提前的定语从句（preposition＋which; preposition＋whom）1．当关系代词（which/whom）做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。 如：We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions. 2．在非正式英语中，介词通常放在定语从句的最后。 如：Art is the subject which I know little about. 3．如果介词放在定语从句的最后，which 可以被that取代，whom可以被that 和who取代。 如：Dad is a person whom/that/who I can easily talk to.
牛津高中英语各模块课文翻译 M 1 Unit 1 School life in the UK英国校园生活 在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。 在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。 在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。 我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。 那里的学生必须要学数学、英语和科学，但是可以不学一些他们不喜欢的科目，例如历史和法语。他们可以选择像艺术和计算机技术等课程，或者像西班牙语和德语等语言类课程。在我修的艺术课上，我做了一个雕塑，尽管它完成时看起来不是很漂亮，但我仍然很喜欢它。 在吃中餐的时候，我就很想念中国菜；应该食物很不一样，英国人在他们的正餐后喜欢吃甜点。中餐后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍，有时我和男孩子们一起踢足球，有时，我就在树下或坐在草地上放松一下。 我很庆幸体验到这种不同的生活方式，回顾我在英国度过的时光，我感到很满意，我也很希望再回到曼彻斯特学习。 M 1 Unit 1 Project 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。 广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。 到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下毕业致辞。 每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候，我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知，告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息： 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。（凯特·琼斯）