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医学影像学简答题(Medical imaging simplified answer )

医学影像学简答题(Medical imaging simplified answer )
医学影像学简答题(Medical imaging simplified answer )

医学影像学简答题1(Medical imaging simplified answer 1)3. Short answer

general

1. Brief description of medical X-ray characteristics

The X ray is an electromagnetic wave with penetration; Fluorescence effect; Photographic effects and biological effects. Its penetration is related to material density, thickness and wavelength of X ray, and fluorescence effect is the basis of fluoroscopy. Photographic effect is the basis of X-ray photography; The ionization effect, which involves changes in human biology, is the basis of radiological protection and radiotherapy.

2. The basic principle of X-ray imaging is described

On the one hand, it is based on the penetration of the X ray, the fluorescence effect and the photographic effect, and on the other hand, the difference between the density and thickness of the body tissue. When the X rays penetrate various tissues of the human body, it is absorbed in different degrees so that there is a difference in the amount of X on the screen or in the X-ray. This allows for contrast between the black and white contrast on the screen or in the X-ray.

Bones, joint systems

1. The X-ray performance of acute and chronic suppurative osteomyelitis

The suppurative osteomyelitis is caused by staphylococcus aureus in the bone marrow, good hair in children and juvenile, long backbone epiphysis good hair. The early (2 weeks) may have the following soft tissue changes: 1. Two, subcutaneous tissue and muscle intersections blurred, bone may not have obvious change. Bone changes were seen after 2 weeks. The localized osteoporosis was started in the epiphyseal cancellous bone. Subsequently, most dispersed irregular form of bone destruction. Edge blur. In the future, the bone destruction area may merge into a large area of destruction. And gradually extend to the backbone. Can be accompanied by pathological fracture. Osteocortical destruction can form the subperiosteum abscess and stimulate the periosteum to cause periosteal hyperplasia. The new bone with low density is parallel to the backbone. Later, as the course of illness extended. The new osteogenesis is obvious and can form the shell. Osteonecrosis is caused by the emergence of periosteum and thrombotic arteritis. The X-ray shows the dead bone formed along the axis of the bone, which is very dense. If the lesion is close to the joint, the abscess can destroy the bone cortex of the dry epiphysis and enter the joint synovial card. Cause suppurative arthritis. The X line is the swelling of the joint capsule. The gap in the joint is widened early and even dislocated. Late narrowing. Osteopenia. When acute suppurative osteomyelitis is not treated promptly and adequately. It can be transformed into chronic suppurative osteomyelitis. The X-ray showed a large number of osteogenic hyperplasia, thickening of periosteum and fusion with cortex, which was stratified or lacy, thickening of the bony cortex, and narrowing of the medullary cavity. The backbone thickened. Irregular appearance, if not recovered,

can still be seen bone destruction and dead bone.

2. Describe the X - ray performance of the spine tuberculosis

It is the most common person of bone and joint tuberculosis. Good for children and young people. With lumbar multiple hair. The X - line performance is mainly osteoporosis and cancellous bone fracture. The attachment is less cumulative. Vertebral bodies often collapse due to bone damage, flattening or wedges. When the lesion is involved in the vertebral body, the lower margin of the bone. The rupture of the intervertebral cartilage plate is caused by the use of the broken cortex. When the intervertebral disc is invaded, the intervertebral space is narrowed. Even disappearing, the adjacent vertebral bodies are embedded and fused. At the same time, the lesion can produce a large number of caseous necrosis material in the destruction of bone, and the cold abscess is formed in the soft tissues around the spinal column.

The X line is characterized by the presence of a fusiform soft shadow on both sides of the vertebral body, known as a lateral abscess. In addition, due to pathological fracture. The lateral spine of the spine can be seen to change the curvature of the spine. The post-emergence deformity.

3. Test the X-ray performance of vitamin D deficiency rickets

Because vitamin D is not a cause of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, osteoid tissue in bone is deficient in calcium salt deposits. Systemic metabolic bone disease. The X-ray showed a decrease in bone density in the general bone. Bone trabeculae

are rare, fuzzy, margin roughness, bony cortex thinned, stratified change. In the areas where bone metabolism is more active, such as the occurrence of bone epiphysis, the low density edge is blurred, and the epiphyseal calcification zone is irregular, blurred, thin and disappeared. In the middle of the epiphyses, there is a tortuous deformation in the middle of the epiphysis, with a very irregular margin and a hairbrush shape. The gap between the epiphysis and the epiphysis is widened. The corner of the epiphysis was altered by bone spur. The front of the thoracic ribs is a wide mouth. At the same time, the weight-bearing long bone is often bent and deformed. (O leg, X leg, etc.), a small number of patients can have a blue branch fracture healing X-ray performance: the temporary calcification belt reappears, the cup mouth shape depression and brush change are relieved and disappeared. The epiphyseal space is normal. Bone density increases and bone cortex thickens. Bone epiphysis increases, the density increases, and the bone deformation is prolonged.

4. Test the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant bone tumors from the characteristics of X-ray.

Benign:

No transfer: no transfer.

Growth condition: slow growth, non-invasion and adjacent tissues, but can be oppressive.

Local bone changes: swelling bone damage, clear line with normal bone, sharp edge, thinning of the bony cortex, and

expansion can maintain continuity.

Periosteum hyperplasia: generally no periosteal proliferation, can have a small amount of periosteum hyperplasia after pathological fracture, and periosteal new bone is not damage the surrounding soft tissue changes: no swelling or lump shadow more, if there are any lump, the edge is clear.

Angiography: vascular differentiation is normal, and the tumor can be used to compress blood vessels.

Malignant:

Transfer: transfer.

Growth: rapid growth, transsexual and adjacent tissue organs.

Local bone changes: invasive bone fracture, blurred boundary and normal bone boundary, uneven edges, irregular fracture and defect, and bone formation of tumor.

Periosteal hyperplasia: multiple forms of periosteal hyperplasia, and can be destroyed by tumor.

The surrounding soft tissue changes: the growth of the soft tissue is not clear from the surrounding tissue.

Angiography: it can be seen that tumor blood vessels are more and more disordered, the tumor staining and arteriovenous fistula, and the blood supply artery thickening and the blood vessel erosion become rigid, and the edge damage and so on.

5. Take the femoral neck fracture as an example.

1. Delayed healing or non-healing of fracture; X - ray showed delayed bone scab, with few or no presence, delayed or prolonged fracture line.

Two, false joint formation: the X ray shows the bone bushy with the end of the bone, and there is a clear line between the two sides of the broken end.

3. Fracture deformity healing: X - ray shows bone formation Angle, rotation, shortening deformity.

4. After trauma, osteoporosis.

5. Bone and joint infection; For acute chronic bone, arthritis X ray performance.

6. Bone ischemic necrosis: increased femoral bone density and deformation.

7. Joint rigidity: it is caused by adhesion to the joint, often with osteoporosis and soft tissue atrophy.

Viii. Degeneration of joints: change after chronic bone injury.

9. Ossified myositis: calcification in different degree of soft tissue after fracture.

The respiratory system

1. What methods are used in chest imaging examination?

1. Chest perspective 2, (positive and lateral) 3, high - kilovol-meter 4, body layer photography 5, bronchography 6, CT 7, MRI

2. What are the basic X-ray manifestations of lung lesions?

A, exudative lesions: show the edge blur, density uniform shape shadow, range from flocculus to big leaf, when lesions involving the big leaf, its shape is in line with lung and sharp edges, air-bronchogram and visible.

2. Fibrosis change: the expression is high density, the boundary is clear, walking rigid, irregular shape of the line shape.

Iii. Proliferative lesion: localized nodules or petals, with high density, relatively clear edges, and generally no fusion trend.

4. Calcified venereal changes: the appearance is sharp, the density is extremely high, the shape is different, the size of the speckle shape or plaque shape.

Voids: 1. Wormwood vacuous cavity: manifested in a large number of pulmonary real changes with multiple small permeable areas. The form is irregular, it is wormlike. 2. Thin wall cavity: hollow wall thickness < 3mm, boundary clear, smooth circular light zone. 3. Thick wall hole: wall thickness > 3mm, the hole

is round or irregular, peripheral or unreal change area, the inner wall is smooth and neat or concave, the hole can have or airless plane.

Six, mass lesions, benign tumor characterized by round or oval, smooth boundary, density uniform spherical density shadow, malignant tumors are lobulated, the boundary is not sharp, can have a short nap or umbilical concave), central necrosis.

3. With a solid shadow on one side of the chest, which diseases should be considered? What aspects should be analyzed in the identification?

One, a large number of pleural effusion, one side of the lung, the one side of the lung, the one side of the pleural hypertrophy, the one side of the pleural hypertrophy, the one side of the lung, the one side of the lung and the one side of the lung

Should note: when identifying a, mediastinal position 2, diaphragmatic level three, five, four, thoracic rib gap width size on a flat piece of six, observe whether air-bronchogram, observe whether the main bronchus is unobstructed in layer 7, combined with clinical data

4. What are the direct and indirect X-ray signs of bronchial lung cancer (central type)?

1. Lumps, located in the lung area, are rounded or lobule.

2. Endobronchial polyps filling defect.

3. The bronchial wall thickened and the lumen was narrow or blocked, with rat tail or cup.

Ii. Indirect symptoms: 1. Obstructive pulmonary disease,

The horizontal and pulmonary masses of the upper lobe of the upper lobe of the upper lobe of the upper lobe.

2. Obstructive pneumonia: repeated attacks and slow absorption of exudative lesions.

3. Obstructive emphysema: the air volume of the blocked lung is increased, and the brightness is increased.

5. Typical X-ray manifestations of large leaf pneumonia?

Lobule pneumonia may involve most or all of the lobes. The former is characterized by uniformity of density, and the shadow of the edge is indistinct. The edge is clear, with the interleaf crack as the boundary, its shape with the pulmonary lobe, the contour is consistent, its inside visible bronchi meteorology. Different forms of lobule pneumonia vary.

6. Typical X-ray manifestations of acute hemorrhagic disseminated tuberculosis?

The early two lung density of the lesion showed a change of hair glass. In about 10 days, the two lungs showed diffuse uniform distribution, the same size, uniform density of miliary nodules. The two lung textures are not clear.

The circulatory system

1. Simple mitral stenosis X-ray performance?

The heart increases, the left atrium and right ventricle are enlarged, and the left heart is often significantly enlarged.

The main reason for the reduction of the general aortic ball is the reduction of left ventricle blood elimination, aortic dysplasia or the left rotation of the heart and big blood vessels, and the aortic arch folds.

The left ventricle shrank, the apex of the heart moved, the lower part of the heart was straight.

4. Mitral membrane calcification, direct sign.

5. Pulmonary congestion or interstitial edema, upper pulmonary vein dilation, lower pulmonary veins. Sometimes it can be seen that the diameter of 1 ~ 2mm in diameter can be seen in the lung field, which is composed of hemosiderosis.

2. The X line of high blood heart disease is shown as?

One, the heart is aortic type, the left ventricle segment increases, becomes round, the heart apex is in the phrenic, the cardiac phrenic horn shows acute Angle, the left ventricle is prominent, overlaps with the spine.

Second, the left ventricle is increasing to the left, and the apex of the heart is often under the diaphragm.

3. The perspective can be seen that the opposite pulsation.

When left heart failure, the left atrium increases, and pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema appear.

5. Severe, the heart is generally enlarged, but the left ventricular enlargement is the main.

The aorta has dilation, extension, and circuity.

3. X-ray performance of pulmonary heart disease?

Changes in pulmonary hypertension and chronic pulmonary disease

One, pulmonary hypertension, often occurs before the heart shape changes.

Second, the right ventricle enlarges, the heart is in the mitral valve type, the heart rate is more than the normal person not much. Some cases: the heart is smaller than normal, and is related to the low level of the pulmonary emphysema.

Three, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, extensive lung tissue fibrosis and emphysema.

4. X ray performance of congenital heart disease atrial septal defect?

When the defect is small, the size and shape of the heart and

shape are normal or change.

The heart is of mitral valve type, often moderate increase.

Two, right atrium and right ventricular enlargement,

The major characteristic changes of atrial septal defect were significantly increased in the right atrium.

3. The pulmonary artery protruding, the pulsating enhancement, the pulmonary portal angiectasia. There are often lungmen dancing.

In the left atrium, the left ventricle and aorta decreased, while the first left ventricle enlarged.

5. Pulmonary hyperemia and later pulmonary hypertension.

5. The X ray performance of common Fallot tetralogy?

1. The heart is generally not enlarged, the heart is blunt, the upper warped is a sheep's nose, the heart lumbar depression, if there is a third ventricle forming, the heart is flat, or slightly raised.

Second, the right ventricle increases.

The left ventricle narrowed with decreased blood flow, the left atrium was generally unchanged, and the right atrium was mild to moderate due to increased blood flow and increased right ventricular pressure.

4. The lung door shrinks and the lung vessels are slim.

The aorta is widened and shifted to the right.

The digestive system

1. According to what characteristics can the organ of the digestive system be divided into two categories? Where are the organs?

According to the characteristic of the digestive organ is the real organ or the hollow viscera, the digestive organ is divided into two categories. The liver and pancreas belong to the substantial organ. Esophagus, stomach, duodenum, large, small intestine and biliary system belong to hollow viscera.

2. What kind of inspection methods and imaging methods are used in the two main types of digestive tract and cavity?

The liver and pancreas of parenchyma were mainly used for CT, ultrasound and mri. After the general sweep; When necessary, CT iodine contrast agent was enhanced, and magnetic resonance was enhanced with gadolinium contrast agent.

The hollow viscera was mainly used for routine X-ray examination, the gastrointestinal tract was radiographed by barium, and the bile was used for the contrast of iodine

3. The X-ray signs of benign and malignant ulcers are identified.

A benign ulcer protrudes from the gastric cavity. The ulcer is located within the contour of the stomach

2. The shape of the shadow: the benign ulcer is relatively small and round, and the malignancy is larger and more shallow.

Three, niche mouth: benign ulcer with mucosal edema, width is consistent, sometimes under pressure to change form malignant ulcer niches mouth cancer tissue invasion, forming ring levee involuntary pressure, change or more cancer nodules form refers to the indentation, sharp corners.

Iv. Benign ulcer stomach constriction peristaltic direct niches, malignant ulcer is more than 1 cm from the niches, peristalsis disappears.

4. Differentiation of esophageal foreign body and trachea foreign body

Take the coin foreign object as an example, because the diameter of the esophagus is small, the left and right diameters are wider, so the esophageal foreign body is in a circular position, and the lateral position view is striped. The trachea foreign body is opposite, because the trachea half annular cartilage is absent is facing the rear, so the maximum diameter of the foreign body is the front and rear direction. The positive view is long and long, while the lateral position is round.

5. Identification of jejunum, ileum and intestinal obstruction? How to diagnose low - level intestinal obstruction based on flat

slice?

The intestinal mucosa is a fish-bone arrangement perpendicular to the vertical axis of the intestinal tube. The mucosa of ileus is only two intestinal wall lines. The most significant expansion of the obstruction tube diameter is the semilinar fold.

The high intestinal obstruction is mainly manifested in the left middle and upper abdominal multiple qi level, the stomach also sees the liquid level, the lower abdomen and the pelvic cavity of the lower abdomen and the lower gas. Low intestinal obstruction, the expression is the whole abdomen several stair - shaped gas level

Urinary system

1. Differential diagnosis of urinary calculus. (points)

1. Gallstones: the form is polygon, the surrounding density is high, the central density is low, sometimes there is the high density core. Lateral photography is located in front of the spine.

Lymph node calcification: form irregular punctate, structure, and has no fixed position, to move a large degree (e.g., mesenteric lymph node calcification) imaging of the renal pelvis can understand outside or in the urinary tract.

3. Intestinal contents (coprolites or drugs) : the position is not constant, the repeated photo position can be changed or

disappeared, and the bowel will disappear.

Iv. Venous stone (pelvic cavity) : small, round, circular or concentric round dense shadow, the edges are neat, often for both sides and multiple, the position is more than partial, when necessary retrograde contrast imaging is identified.

2. X-ray manifestations of renal tuberculosis. (points)

Flat slice: the kidney contour area can protrude, terminal form shrinks

Calcification: diffuse, cloudy, spotted

Angiography: wormhole destruction, renal cortical abscess and vacuous formation, pyelonephrosis, renal pelvis, renal calyx (peripheral imformation, deformed stenosis), renal

self-truncation

3. The X-ray of typical urinary calculi. (points)

Kidney: sliced: mulberry, layered, antler

Contrast: density, higher density, filling defect, obstruction

Ureter: flat slice: the long axis is consistent with the ureter

Abdominal segment: side of the lumbar spine

The sacroiliac segment: the sacroiliac joint

Pelvic segment: roughly parallel to the pelvic rim

Lower end of ureter: polymorphism

Contrast: positive, negative and catheter relationship, obstruction of water

Bladder calculi: above the symphysis pubis, the midline of the pelvic cavity changes with position

Urethra: the posterior urethra: the symphysis of the pubic bone and the posterior urethra

4. Several common radiographic reflux X - ray manifestations.

1. Tubule reflux: the radiate dense shadow radiated from the center of the kidney to the cortex.

Second, the kidney sinus reflux: it appears as the irregular Angle or band dense shadow around the fornix, and the author appears in an irregular shape.

Iii. Circumfluence of the blood vessels: the arch of the arch is shown as the arch of the arch.

Iv. Lymphatic reflux: it is shown as a slender, meandering, curved silhouette that walks in the direction of the renal gate.

5. Various imaging examinations and USES of urinary system. (points)

IVP: the shape of the renal pelvis, renal calices, ureters, and bladder, and the function of the renal excretion

2. Retrograde pyelography: used for IVP display (such as renal dysfunction) or not for IVP (such as liver and kidney function, iodine allergy)

Bladder angiography: excretory method: the urethral stricture cannot be intubated or at the same time, the upper urinary tract should be examined

Retrograde: observe bladder size, shape, position to diagnose bladder disease

4. Urethrography: mostly used for urethral stricture, calculi, congenital malformation, etc

5. Retroperitoneal aerated angiography: showing the renal, adrenal profile and retroperitoneal mass and the relationship with the kidney

6. Arteriography: diagnosis of vascular lesions and adrenal neoplastic lesions

Central, five official system

1. Evaluation of CT in the treatment of sinus tumors.

CT diagnosis of smaller tumors is of great value and can be determined in its origin and scope. Benign tumor margins are clear and orderly, without bone damage. But it is difficult to

determine the pathological nature. The mucous cyst showed an enlarged sinus cavity and increased density. CT is of great value in diagnosis of malignant tumor. In the early stage of osteopenia, there was a shadow of mass in the sinus cavity, and the sinus cavity was seen in the sinus cavity. The sinus wall can be damaged early, and the adjacent structure can be shown as the nasal cavity, the invasion of the orbit and the scope.

2. CT manifestations of meningiomas.

The CT findings of typical meningiomas are high in density, with clear edges, spherical or subleaf lesions, and cranial bones, which are connected to the cerebellum. There was no edema or slight edema in the oven. The general performance of the enhanced scanning was significantly enhanced.

医学影像学 自测题 答案

§6.2 医学影像学一、X线成像 (一)透视【原理】 X线通过人体后,在荧光屏上形成明暗不同的荧光影像,称为透视,亦称荧光透视。荧光屏上的亮度较弱,故透视需在暗室中进行。如应用影像增强器,可显著地提高图像的亮度,故能在亮室内从电视屏上进行透视检查。【优缺点】透视的优点是设备简单,操作方便,可任意转动病人进行多轴透视,并可观察器官的活动功能;而且费用低廉,可立即得到检查结果。其缺点是影像的对比度差,对细小病变和厚实部位例如颅骨、脊椎等的观察困难,且不能留下客观性记录。【适应范围】 1.胸部的自然对比好,胸部透视应用最广泛。2.腹部透视适用于急腹症,较大的结石或钙化、金属异物、避孕环以及胃肠造影透视等。 3.骨折整复和异物摘取。 4.各种插管和介人性治疗操作。【注意事项】 1.掌握透视的适应证和限度,做到目的性明确,有的放矢。2,提供有关的病史资料,特别是以往X线检查情况,供诊断时参考。3.早孕妇女、婴幼儿应尽量避免盆腔和性腺区透视。(二)摄影【原理】普通X线摄影又称平片检查,即X线透过人体后,投影于胶片上,产生潜影,经过显影、定影及冲洗手续后,在胶片上产生不同灰度的黑白影像。【优缺点】照片的优点是对比度好,成像清晰,细微病灶或厚实部位显影清楚,并留有客观记录,供复查对比和会诊讨论用。缺点是操作较复杂,不便于观察器官的活动功能。【适应范围】应用广泛,包括四肢、脊椎、

骨盆、颅骨、胸部和腹部等。腹部照片因缺乏自然对比,限于急腹症及结石、钙化等观察。【注意事项】 1.认真填写照片申请单,包括简要病史、检查部位和目的要求等,供投照和 X线诊断时参考。复查照片应提供老照片号码或照片,以利对比。急诊照片标准掌握要适度。2.危重病人应作适当处理,待病情平稳后,再进行摄片检查3.作好必要的照片前准备如镇静、清洁灌肠等。 (三)造影检查【原理】 造影检查系人为地将对比剂引入器官内或其周围,造成人工的对比影像。对比检查可使平片或体层摄影不能显示的组织和器官对比显影,因而扩大了X线检查的应用范围。对比剂可分为两大类:高密度或阳性对比剂和低密度或阴性对比剂。阳性对比剂有钡剂和碘剂。钡剂用于胃肠道检查,钡胶浆用于支气管造影。碘剂的种类繁多:①无机碘剂如碘化钠溶液可用于逆行尿路造影、“T”管胆管造影、膀胱和尿道造影等。②有机碘制剂口服或血管内注射后,可使分泌脏器管道显影。也可采取直接穿刺或导管法将对比剂引入脏器内及其周围。非离子型对比剂如碘海醇(欧乃派克)、优维显等,其神经毒性很低,可用于神经系统的造影检查。③碘油类有碘化油用于支气管、瘘道、子宫和输卵管造影,碘苯脂适用于脑室和椎管造影。阴性对比剂有空气、氧气、二氧化碳等,可用于脑室、关节囊、胸腹腔等造影。使用时应防止气体栓塞。【优缺点】造影检查可使许多自然对比缺乏、平片上不能显影的组织器官显影,

医学影像学试题 (答案)

医学影像学试卷 适用范围: _____出题教师: _____ 试卷满分100分,考试时间60分钟;书写要工整、清楚、标点符号使用正确。 题型 得分填空题单选题名词解释简答题总分 一、填空题,根据题意,将正确答案补充完整(本大题满分10分,每小题2分) 1.在CT纵隔窗图象上主肺动脉窗平面,显示的主要大血管有: ()、()、()。 2.骨膜增生又称骨膜反应,是因骨膜受到刺激,其内层的()活动增加而产生的()。X线上常表现为与骨皮质平行的线状、层状或()状,已形成的骨膜新生骨可重新被破坏,破坏区两端残留骨膜反应呈三角形或袖口状,称为()。 3.输尿管结石的好发部位()、()和()。 4.胃溃疡之龛影在切线位X线片上的特征是(),边缘光整,形状较规则,(),可有()、狭颈征、项圈征出现。 第1页(共10页) 5. MRI对()、()的显示不如X线和CT。 二、单选题,以下各题有多个选项,其中只有一个选项是正确的,请选择正确答案(本大题满分30分,每小题 1.5分)

1.下列哪种方法为颅脑疾病诊断的基本方法:( ) A.脑室造影 B.计算机体层 C.头颅平片 D.磁共振成像 E.脑血管造影 2.形成正位肺门阴影最重要的的解剖结构是:( ) A.淋巴组织 B.支气管动脉 C.支气管 D.肺动脉 E.肺静脉 3.下列哪项不是逆行肾盂造影的优点:( ) 第2页(共10页) A.不通过血液循环,全身反应少 B.禁忌症少 C.造影剂量少,显影清楚 D.能同时了解肾功能情况

E.碘过敏者同样可以运用 4.下列那项不是成骨肉瘤的X线表现: ( ) A.死骨形成 B.骨膜反应 C.软组织肿块 D.溶骨性骨破坏 E.瘤骨形成 5.对冠心病室壁瘤诊断最可靠的方法是: ( ) A.透视 B.冠状动脉造影 C.左心室造影 D.右心室造影 E.摄片 6.用X线证实少量胸水时,以下哪种摄影方法最好: A.健侧向下侧卧侧位 第3页(共10页)( ) B.患侧向下侧卧侧位 C.患侧向下侧卧后前位 D.健侧向下侧卧后前位

医学影像学基础知识模拟试题及答案

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C. 11.5 cm,9.5 cm D. 10 cm,20 cm F.12 cm,10 cm 5、关于蝶鞍的X线描述哪项正确?(B、D) A.其前界为鞍结节 B.后壁为后床突 C.鞍背可见气化现象 D.观察蝶鞍最好的位置为20°后前位 E.CT平扫可见鞍结节和鞍背之间低密度间隙为垂体窝 6、椎动脉最大颅内的分支为:(C) A.小脑前下动脉 B.大脑后动脉 C.小脑后下动脉 D.小脑上动脉 E.后交通动脉 7、亨氏暗区为(A) A.颅脑CT扫描两侧岩骨后缘之间横行的带状低密度伪影 B.颅脑CT扫描由枕骨结节自后向前放射状高密度影 C.颅脑CT扫描两侧岩骨后缘之间横行的带状高密度伪影 D.颅脑CT扫描由枕骨结节自后向前放射状低密度影 E.颅脑CT扫描两侧岩骨后缘之间纵行的带状高密度伪影 8、脑血管造影的微血管期血管网最丰富的部位是:

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第2章骨与软骨 第一节检查技术 特点:1有良好的自然对比 2骨关节病诊断必不可少 3检查方法发展快 4病变定位准确,定性困难需要结合临床。 一普通X线检查 透视、射片:首选射片,一般不透视。 射片原则:1正、侧位; 2包括周围软组织和邻近关节、相邻锥体;3必要时加射健侧对照。二造影检查

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医学影像学简答题(全)

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缺血性梗死: 1.低密度梗死灶,部位和围与闭塞血管供血区一致。 2.皮髓质同时受累。 3.占位效应较轻。 4.增强扫描可见脑回状强化。 出血性梗死: 1.低密度的梗死灶可见高密度的出血灶。 2.占位效应明显。 腔隙性梗死: 1.低密度梗死灶。 2.无占位效应。 六、鼻咽癌的CT表现。(非常重要) 1.平扫表现为患侧咽隐窝变浅、消失或隆起。 2.咽顶、后、侧壁肿块突向鼻咽腔。 3.颈深淋巴结肿大。 4.增强检查病变呈不均匀明显强化。 七、癌性空洞、结核空洞和脓肿空洞的鉴别。(一般重要) 1、癌性空洞: 多见于老年患者。 多位于肺上叶前段和下叶基底段。 多为厚壁偏心空洞。 壁不光整,可有壁结节,外壁可有分叶征及毛刺征。 常伴肺门、纵隔淋巴结增大。 2、结核空洞: 多位于上叶尖段、后段和下叶背段。

医学影像学考试试题及答案大全(一)

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医学影像学重点 自己整理的

5、骨龄:是指骨的原始骨化中心和继发骨化中心的出现及骨骺和干骺端骨性愈合 的年龄。(对诊断内分泌疾病和一些先天性畸形综合征有一定价值) 6、骨质破坏:是局部骨质为病理组织所代替而造成的骨组织消失。(见于炎症、 肿瘤、肉芽肿) X线:骨质局限性密度下降,骨小梁消失,骨皮质边缘模糊。 1、骨质疏松:指一定体积单位内正常钙化的骨组织减少。即骨组织的有机成分和 钙盐都减少,但故内的有机成分和钙盐含量比例仍正常。X线:骨质局限性密度下降,骨小梁变细,间隙变宽。 2 骨质软化:骨质软化――指一定单位体积内骨组织的有机成分正常,而矿物质含 量减少。X线表现为骨密度减低,骨小梁和骨皮质边缘模糊 7、骨质坏死:是骨组织局部代谢停止,坏死的骨质称为死骨。形成死骨的原因主 要是血液供应中断(多见于慢性化脓性骨髓炎,也见于骨缺血性坏死和外伤骨折后)。 3、骨膜增生:骨膜反应是因骨膜受刺激,骨膜内层成骨细胞活动增加形成骨膜新 生骨。通常有病变存在。X线:骨骼密度上升,骨皮质、小梁增厚。 8、骨膜三角(Codman三角):恶性肿瘤累及骨膜及骨外软组织,刺激骨膜成骨, 肿瘤继而破坏骨膜所形成的骨质,其边缘残存骨质呈三角形高密度病灶,称为骨膜三角。是恶性骨肿瘤的重要征象。 9、 Colles骨折:又称伸展型桡骨远端骨折,为桡骨远端2~3㎝以内的横行或粉碎 骨折,骨折远端向背侧移动,断端向掌侧成角畸形,可伴尺骨茎突骨折。 Colles’骨折的临床和影像学特点

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二、名词解释 人工对比自然对比 CT MRI PACS 介入放射学 CR DDR CT值 T1 T2 MRA T1WI T2WI

三、选择题(可单选或多选) 1、摄胸部平片显示心肺等结构属于()。 A、人工对比 B、天然对比 C、造影检查 D、特殊检查 2、最适合心血管造影的造影剂()。 A、硫酸钡 B、泛影葡胺 C、欧乃派克 D、碘化油 3、X线图像显示的不同灰度与X线透过的物质密度的关系是()。 A、物质密度高,吸收X线量多,显白影 B、物质密度低,吸收X线量少,显黑影 C、物质密度高,吸收X线量少,显黑影 D、物质密度低,吸收X线量多,显白影 4、CT值为负值可能为() A、脂肪 B、气体 C、肌肉组织 D、血液 5、数字X线成像特点是() A、数字化图像,清晰度、分辨率高,对比好。 B、曝光宽容度大: C、X线剂量低: D、多种后处理功能:调整窗位窗宽、图像放大等。 6、骨皮质在MRI图像上的表现正确的是() A、长T2信号 B、长T1信号 C、短T2信号 D、短T1信号 7、MRI在哪些方面优于CT() A、脑垂体病变 B、脊髓病变 C、肺内病变 D、关节积液 8、有关磁共振成像特点正确的是() A、磁共振信号高低与密度无关。 B、无骨伪影干扰 C、体内顺磁性金属异物不影响图像失真 D、自旋回波序列血管内流动的血液无信号

医学影像学简答题(Medical imaging simplified answer )

医学影像学简答题1(Medical imaging simplified answer 1)3. Short answer general 1. Brief description of medical X-ray characteristics The X ray is an electromagnetic wave with penetration; Fluorescence effect; Photographic effects and biological effects. Its penetration is related to material density, thickness and wavelength of X ray, and fluorescence effect is the basis of fluoroscopy. Photographic effect is the basis of X-ray photography; The ionization effect, which involves changes in human biology, is the basis of radiological protection and radiotherapy. 2. The basic principle of X-ray imaging is described On the one hand, it is based on the penetration of the X ray, the fluorescence effect and the photographic effect, and on the other hand, the difference between the density and thickness of the body tissue. When the X rays penetrate various tissues of the human body, it is absorbed in different degrees so that there is a difference in the amount of X on the screen or in the X-ray. This allows for contrast between the black and white contrast on the screen or in the X-ray. Bones, joint systems 1. The X-ray performance of acute and chronic suppurative osteomyelitis

医学影像学试题(含标准答案)

1。透视检查得基础就是利用X线得就是: A光学作用B生物作用C穿透作用D电离作用E荧光作用 2。CR与普通X线成像比较其优点,叙述错误得就是: A提高了图像密度分辨率B提高了图像显示能力C降低X线曝光量D提高了图像空间分辨率E曝光宽容度增加 3。蝶鞍侧位片可测量其前后径及深径,其平均值分别为: A10、5mm,9。5mm B11。7mm,9.5mm C12.0mm,10、0mmD5、0mm,10.0m mE10、0mm,20.0mm 4。观察上颌窦首选X线投照位置为: A头颅正位B头颅侧位C颅底位D华氏位E柯氏位 5。肺癌引起得阻塞性肺炎与一般肺炎区别有以下几点,不正确得就是: A体积缩小B有支气管充气征C同一部位反复发作D合并肿块E常有淋巴结肿大6、构成肺门阴影最主要得结构就是: A肺动、静脉B神经C主支气管D肺组织E淋巴结 7.肺部空腔性病变常见于: A肺癌B结核厚壁空洞C虫蚀样空洞D支气管扩张E气胸 8、下列关于病变空洞得描述,错误得就是: A肺气囊:薄壁空洞B肺脓肿:均匀厚壁空洞C浸润性肺结核:薄壁空洞,有卫星灶D肺癌:偏心空洞,有壁结节 E慢性纤维空洞性肺结核:纤维厚壁空洞 9。下列支气管扩张得影像特点,不正确得就是: A局部肺纹理增多B环状或蜂窝状影C斑片状、索条样影D可有葡萄征、手套征E普通胸片正常可除外本病 10大叶性肺炎得典型影像学变化可见于病变得: A充血期B实变期C消散期D消散期之初E病变全程 11.肺内球形病灶称为肿块得直径应大于 A2cmB3cm C4cm D5cm E6cm 12。两肺粟粒性病变除肺结核外,还可见于: A小叶性肺炎B过敏性肺炎C支原体肺炎D吸入性肺炎E中央型肺癌 13、无壁空洞最常见于: A周围性肺癌B干酪性肺炎C肺转移瘤D肺脓肿E浸润性肺结核 14.粟粒型肺结核就是指: A原发性肺结核B浸润性肺结核C慢性纤维空洞型结核D结核性胸膜炎E血行播散型肺结核 15。急性血行播散型肺结核得特点为 A渗出病灶为主B增殖性病灶为主C纤维性病灶为主D钙化病灶为主E混合性病灶为主 16、游离性胸腔积液在胸部摄片上就可见到,一般体积应为: A10ml B30ml C100ml D200ml E300ml 17.厚壁空洞得洞壁厚度超过: A3mm B5mm C7mm D9mm E10mm 18.中央型肺癌得直接征象不包括: A肺门增大B肺门肿块C阻塞性肺不张D支气管壁增厚E支气管狭窄 19.胸片上所示得密度减低阴影就是指病变密度低于:

医学影像学试题库含答案

1.医学影像学图像特点,下面的表述哪一项是错误的A A、X线、CT、MR图像的黑白、明暗的对比取决于不同组织的密度和厚度 B、 X线图像是X线透过人体后,有组织和器官的重叠、图像放大或失真 C、组织密度越大,CT值越大 D、MR电信号越强,图像越白,电信号越弱,影像越黑 E、 MR图像可以反映组织内氢原子的分布及它在磁共振过程中的弛豫特性(T1,T2) 2.下列哪种说法不正确 E A、X线管电压愈高,X线波长愈短,X线穿透力愈强 B、X线管电压愈低,X线波长愈长,X线穿透力愈弱 C、物质的密度愈高,对X线吸收愈多,照片影像愈白 D、物质的密度愈低,对X线吸收愈少,照片影像愈黑 E、物质的厚度与其对X线吸收和照片影像的白黑成反比 3. X线摄影主要利用X线特性的 C A. 穿透性与荧光效应 B. 穿透性与电离效应 C. 穿透性与感光效应 D. 荧光效应与电离效应 E. 荧光效应与感光效应 4. X线在体内各部穿透力,由大到小的排列有以下几种,请指出正确者: E A:气体,液体及软组织,脂肪,骨骼 B:骨骼,脂肪,液体及软组织,气体 C:气体,脂肪,液体及软组织,骨骼 D:脂肪,气体,液体及软组织,骨骼 E:骨骼, 液体及软组织,脂肪,气体 5. 胸片常规正位摄片指的是 B A.立位前后位 B.立位后前位

C.卧位前后位 D.卧位后前位 E.右侧位 6.关于CT图像的特点,哪项是错误的 C A. CT图像系灰度图像 B. CT图像由像素按矩阵排列构成 C. 像素越大,数目越多,空间分辨力越高 D. 像素反映的是相应体素的X线吸收系数 E. CT图像与X线图像所示的黑白影像一致 7、根据CT值的定义公式,空气的CT值为 D A.-700HU B.-800HU C.-900HU D.-1000HU E.-1100HU 8. MRI图像与CT图像相比,优越性表现为:E A. 断面图像 B. 数字图像 C. 灰度图像 D. 空间分辨力高 E. 软组织对比分辨力高 9 下列关于MR信号的描述,哪一项是正确的A A T1WI上,T1时间越短信号越强;反之,T1时间越长信号越弱 B T1WI上,T1时间越短信号越弱;反之,T1时间越长信号越强 C T2WI上,T2时间越长信号越弱;反之,T2加时间越短信号越强 D 脂肪的T1短,显示为低信号 E 水的T2长,显示为低信号 10.下面的磁共振应用,哪一项不属磁共振功能成像 E A. 磁共振弥散成像(DWI) B. 磁共振灌注成像 (PWI)

医学影像学知识点归纳总结

第 1 页共 24 页医学影像学应考笔记 第一章 X线成像 一、X线的产生与特性 X线的产生:真空管内高速行进的电子流轰击钨靶时产生的。TX线的特性: 1穿透性:X线成像基础; 2荧光效应:透视检查基础; 3感光效应:X线射影基础; 4电离效应:放射治疗基础。 X线成像波长为:~ 二、X线成像的三个基本条件 1 X线的特征荧光及穿透感光 2人体组织密度和厚度的差异 3显像过程 三、X线图象特点 X线是由黑到白不同灰度的一图像组成的,是灰阶图象。

四、X线检查技术 自然对比:人体组织结构的密度不同,这种组织结构密度上的差别,是产生X线影像对比的基础。 人工对比:对于缺乏自然对比的组织器官,可以认为的引入一定量的在密度上高于或低于它的物质,使之 产生对比。 五、N数字减影血管造影DSA:是运用计算机处理数字影像信息,消除骨骼和软组织,使血管清晰的成像技术。 @ 正常X线不能显示:滋养管、骺板 第2章骨与软骨 第一节检查技术 特点: 1有良好的自然对比 2骨关节病诊断必不可少 3检查方法发展快 4病变定位准确,定性困难需要结合临床。 一普通X线检查 透视、射片:首选射片,一般不透视。

射片原则: 1正、侧位; 2包括周围软组织和邻近关节、相邻锥体;3必要时加射健侧对照。 二造影检查 1关节照影、 2血管照影 三 CT检查(优点) 1发现骨骼肌肉细小的病变; 2限时复杂的骨关节创伤; 3 X线病可疑病变; 4骨膜增生; 5限时破坏区内部及周围结构。 第二节影像观察与分析 一正常X线表现:(掌握) 小儿骨的结构:骨干、干骺端、骨骺、骺板。主要特点是骺软骨,且未骨化。 成人骨的结构:干骺端与骺结合,骺线消失,分骨干、骨端。 四肢关节:包括骨端、关节软骨和关节束。软骨和束为软骨组织不显示,关节间隙为半透明影。

医学影像学简答题集锦资料

医学影像学简答题集锦 1.简述X线成像的基本原理 X线之所以能使人体组织结构形成影像,除了X线的穿透性、荧光效应和感光效应外,还基于人体组织结构之间有密度和厚度的差别。当X线透过人体密度和厚度不同组织结构时,被吸收的程度不同,到达荧屏或胶片上的X线量出现差异,即产生了对比,在荧屏或X线片上就形成明暗或黑白对比不同的影像。 2.简述人体组织器官声学类型 反射类型二维超声图像表现组织器官 无反射型液性暗区无回声尿、胆汁、囊肿液、血液等液性物质 少反射型低亮度低回声心、肝、胰、脾等实质器官 多反射型高亮度高回声血管壁、心瓣膜、脏器包膜、组织纤维化 全反射型极高亮度强回声,后方有声影骨骼、钙斑、结石、含气肺、含气肠 3.简述急性化脓性骨髓炎的X线表现 ①软组织肿胀:发病后2周内,肌间隙模糊或消失,皮下组织与肌间的分界模糊 ②骨质破坏:发病2周后,干骺端出现局限性骨质疏松,并形成骨质破坏区,边缘模糊,其内骨小梁模糊消失 ③骨皮质周围出现骨膜增生 ④死骨形成:骨皮质因血供障碍出现骨质坏死形成死骨,可引起病理性骨折 【慢性化脓性骨髓炎:骨破坏周围有骨质增生硬化现象,皮质增厚,髓腔变窄闭塞,死骨和骨瘘管尚存】【急性化脓性关节炎:关节囊肿胀、关节间隙增宽;进展期关节软骨破坏引起关节间隙狭窄,继而发生关节软骨下骨质破坏,严重时可引起干骺端的骨髓炎;愈合期病变区骨质增生硬化,骨质疏松消失,严重时可形成骨性强直】 4.简述干骺端结核的主要X线表现 ①病变早期,患骨可见骨质疏松现象 ②骨松质中出现一局限性类圆形、边缘较清楚的骨质破坏区 ③在骨质破坏区有时可见“泥沙状”死骨 ④骨膜反应少见 ⑤病变发展易破坏骺而侵入关节,形成关节结核 ⑥干骺端结核很少向骨干发展,但病灶可破坏骨皮质和骨膜,此时可出现骨质增生和骨膜增生 5.简述脊椎结核的X线表现 ①脊椎结核以腰椎多见,病变常累及相邻两个椎体,附件较少受累 ②主要引起骨松质破坏 ③椎体因承重而塌陷变扁呈楔形,椎间隙变窄甚至消失致椎体互相嵌入,受累脊柱节段常后突变形 ④脊柱周围软组织中形成冷性脓肿 【骨性关节结核:在干骺端关节结核的基础上,关节软组织总肿胀,关节间隙狭窄和骨质破坏。滑膜型关节结核(首先累及承重轻,非接触面地边缘部分):关节囊软组织肿胀,密度增高。】 6.简述良恶性骨肿瘤的鉴别点 良性恶性 生长情况生长缓慢,无转移生长迅速,可有转移 局部骨变化呈膨胀性骨质破坏,边缘锐利,与正常骨界限清晰,骨皮质变薄膨胀,保持其连续性呈浸润性骨破坏,边缘不整,与正常骨界限不清,累及骨皮质,造成不规则破坏与缺损 骨膜新生骨一般无骨膜新生骨,病理骨折后可有少量,无Codman三角可出现不同形式的骨膜新生骨,并可见Codman 三角 周围软组织变化不侵及邻近组织,但可引起压迫移位,多无软 组织肿胀,若有肿块,则边缘清楚 易侵及邻近组织、器官形成骨外肿块,与周围组 织分界不清 7.简述骨巨细胞瘤的X线表现 骨巨细胞瘤好发于长骨骨端,常见于股骨下端、胫骨上端和桡骨下端。 ①病变常侵及骨端,直达骨性关节面下 ②多数呈偏侧性膨胀性骨破坏,破坏区与正常骨交界清楚,但不锐利,无硬化 ③骨皮质变薄,肿瘤明显膨胀时,周围仅见一薄层骨性包壳,其内可见纤维骨嵴 ④X线表现有两种类型,一种为分房型,较多的病例破坏区内可有数量不等、比较纤细的骨嵴,成为大小不一的间隔;另一种为溶骨型,少数病例破坏区内无骨嵴,表现为单一的骨质破坏 ⑤瘤内无钙化或骨化影,邻近无反应性骨增生 ⑥如边缘出现筛孔状或虫蚀状骨破坏,骨嵴残缺紊乱,侵犯软组织出现明确肿块者,提示恶性骨巨细胞瘤 ⑦肿瘤一般不破坏关节软骨,但偶可发生,甚至越过关节侵犯邻近骨端 8.简述骨肉瘤的好发部位及X线表现

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