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高中英语形容词和副词精讲

高中英语形容词和副词精讲
高中英语形容词和副词精讲

语法复习专题四——形容词和副词

备考建议:

1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点: (1)形容词的比较级和最高级; (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。

另外,考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。

2.对于比较级的考查,淡化结构,注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的,而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。

3.在加强考查词义辨析的题目中,高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法),随着新教材词汇量的增大,而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。

要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力:

1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。

2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加-ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如:hard—hardly.

3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序,形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析,要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识。

(1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上,不能留任何疑点。

(2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离义”。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。

(3)判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。

(4)分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。

(5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。

考点聚焦

1、形容词、副词的作用与位置

形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记;

(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。如:a language difficult to master

(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。

(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.

(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough 修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。

如:Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

cannot与enough连用,表示“再…也不为过”

如:You cannot be careful enough. 你再细心也不为过。

(6)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。如:Wehad a good time together outdoors last Sunday.

(7)频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前。

(8)副词作定语,定语后置。如:The person there is waiting for you.

(9)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+数量形容词(there)+描绘性形容词(如:beautiful) +大小(size)+形状(shape)+年龄(age)+ 新旧(old)+ 颜色(color)+国籍、来源(origin)+材料(material)+用途+被修饰的名词。

为了方便记忆,不妨试试如下口诀:

限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老;

颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。

如: a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

(10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。

②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:

deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低

deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微

③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词:

dead完全,绝对be dead asleep

deadly非常be deadly tired

pretty相当be pretty certain that…

prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed

近Don’t sit close.

closely密切地Watch closely!

late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).

2、复合形容词的构成

(1)形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的

(2)形容词 + 形容词red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的

(3)形容词 + 现在分词good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的

(4)副词 + 现在分词hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的

(5)副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的

(6)名词 + 形容词life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的

(7)名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的

(8)名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的

(9)数词 + 名词 + edfour-storeyed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的

(10)数词 + 名词(名词用单数)ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的

3、形容词和副词的比较等级

(1)原级的构成和用法。

构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

This room is three times as large as that one.

(2)比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。

(3)比较级的用法。

①对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如:

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如:

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如:

He works even harder than before.

注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:

She is better than she was yesterday. Please come earlier tomorrow.

另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:

He is taller by far than his is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语),the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。如:

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。

He is superior to in chemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one 只能代替可数名词。

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧倍数表达法。(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of

B.

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。

(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

(C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.

(4)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works(the)hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / notquite / nothing like the biggest.

③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:

He is the tallest (boy) in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:

Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.

(7)几组重要的词语辨析。

①very 和much的区别。

(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。

(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下,以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.

I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。

(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting / worrying / exicting。

(D)too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外,在too many / much, too few / little前用far。There’s far too little opportunity

for adventue these days.

W e’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.

(E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:

(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词,一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如:quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect 等。

(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。

(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。

②so…that …与such … that … 的区别。

so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时,如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如:These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.

③其他几组词的辨析。

(A)ago、before:ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”;before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。

(B)already、yet、still:already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still 表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句。

(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否定句。

(D)good、well:与good不同的是,well作形容词,只能在系动词后作表语,表示“身体状况好”,也作副词修饰动词。

(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体,含持续的意思。quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然,而且持续的时间较短。

(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的,在句中常作定语;true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合,在句中作表语或定语。

(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”,但hard通常指体力上困难;difficult则指智力或技能上的困难,困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。

高中英语形容词和副词精讲

语法复习专题四——形容词和副词 备考建议: 1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点: (1)形容词的比较级和最高级; (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。 另外,考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。 2.对于比较级的考查,淡化结构,注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的,而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。 3.在加强考查词义辨析的题目中,高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法),随着新教材词汇量的增大,而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力: 1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。 2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加-ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如:hard—hardly. 3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序,形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析,要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识。 (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上,不能留任何疑点。 (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离义”。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。 (3)判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。 (4)分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。 (5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。 考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记; (1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。如:a language difficult to master (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.

形容词与副词专题精讲精练

(一)形容词基本用法 1、了解形容词 主要用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。 The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。 I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。 2、形容词常用句型(重点) 1. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我,真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.她说这样的话,真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of hi m to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。 It’s not easy for th em to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如,I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。 4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。 Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。 (二)了解定语形容词和表语形容词 一般说来,形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但是,有些形容词只用于名词前作定语,它们被称为定语形容词,而另有一些形容词则只用作表语,它们被称为表语形容词。 1.常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每年的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如:

高中英语形容词和副词(高频汇总)上课讲义

高中英语形容词和副词(高频汇总)

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形容词与副词 一、形容词 形容词用来修饰,说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。 形容词的用法: 1.作定语 The birds are flying in the blue sky. That is a long and wide road. ●大部分形容词既可作表语也可作定语,但有的形容词只能作表语或定语。常见 的只能作定语的形容词有: golden sun, former president, a little boy, the only way, the upper teeth, spare time, daily necessities, live fish, the outer space, elder sister, etc. ●注意形容词在句中作定语时的位置: 形容词作定语,一般防在所修饰名词的前面。但在下列情况下,形容词要放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语: 1)形容词修饰由some-, any-, no-, every-,与one, body, thing (where)等构成的复合不定代词(副词)时 e.g. Is there anything interesting? Do you know somewhere quiet where we might spend the weekend? 2)少数以a开头的形容词如:awake, alive, asleep作定语时: e.g. He was the only boy awake at the time of earthquake. 3)形容词短语作定语时: e.g. He carried a basket full of stones on his back. 2.作表语 The fish is still alive. He has been ill / sick for a week. Cf. The mother is holding her sick child in her arms. ●常见的只能作表语的形容词有: afraid, ahead, alike, alone, ashamed, aware, glad, ill, unable, unwell (不健康的), well (健康的), etc. 3.作补足语 We should keep our classroom clean. The news made her sad. 4.名词化的形容词可以作主语和宾语 The unemployed have to make a living by themselves. Respect the old and love the young. ●常见的名词化的形容词有: the old, the sick, the rich, the poor, the young, the wounded, the (un)employed, etc. 二、副词 副词通常用来修饰动词、形容词,其他副词、介词短语或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作特征等,有时也可作定语或宾语。 A. 副词的种类: 根据词汇意义,副词可分为五种 时间副词now, then, already, ago, tonight, usually, soon, etc. 地点副词here, there, nowhere, above, below, back, outside, etc. 方式副词slowly, fast, well, carefully, alone, patiently, suddenly, etc. 频度副词often, always, once, hardly, sometimes, frequently, seldom, etc. 程度副词very, quite, completely, almost, much, still, enough, mainly, etc. 根据句法功能,副词可分为三种 疑问副词when, how, where, why 位于句首,后接一般疑问句 连接副词when, where, how, why, whether 引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句 关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句 B. 副词的用法: 1.作状语修饰动词I have already seen the movie. 2.作状语修饰形容词We have been very busy these days. 3.作状语修饰副词You did the job quite well. 4.作状语修饰介词短语My seat is exactly in the middle of the room. 5.作状语修饰整个句子Actually, he is right. 6.作定语修饰名词等The teachers here are all very kind to me. 7.作表语Class is over.

高中英语常见形容词与副词词汇.doc

常见形容词词汇 1.abrupt (言语或行)粗鲁的,莽撞的,唐突的, 生硬的;突然的,意外的 2.absent-minded 心不在焉的,健忘的 3.absorbed 被 ----- 吸引住,专心致志,全神 贯注( in ) 4.abstract 抽象的 5.absurd 荒谬的,荒唐的 6.abundant 丰富的 , 充裕的 , 大量的 7.academic 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的 8.acceptable 可接受的,认可的,尚可的 9.accessible 可到达的,可接近的,可进入的, 可使用的,易懂的 10.accurate 精确的;准确的 11.acid 酸的,尖酸的,尖刻的 12.active 积极的,活跃的,起作用的,(思想 上)充满活力的 13.actual 真实的,实际的 14.acute 灵敏的,敏锐的,有洞察力的,十分 严重的 15.adaptable 能适应的 16.addicted 上瘾的,成瘾的,入迷的( to ) 17.additional 额外的,附加的( extra ),另外 的 18.adequate 足够的,充足的 19.admirable 值得赞赏的,令人羡慕的 20.adoptive 收养的 21.adorable 可爱的,讨人喜欢的 22.advanced 先进的,高级的,高等的 23.advantageous 有利的,有好处的 24.adventurous 有冒险精神的,新奇的,惊险 的 25.alarmed 害怕的,担心的 26.alarming 令人惊恐的,引起恐慌的 27.alike 两者都,同样地;十分相像地,很相 似地 28.alive 活着的 29.allofasudden ( allatonce )突然地 30.allright (OK)可接受的,满意的;健康的; 可以的;尚可的; 31.all – round 全面的,多方面的 32.alone 只有,仅仅,单独,独自 33.alternative 可供替代的 34.ambiguous 模棱两可的,不明确的 35.annoyed 恼怒的,生气的,烦恼的 36.annual 每年的,年度的 37.anythingbut 绝对不 ---- 38.appealing 有吸引力的,恳求的 39.applicable 可应用的 , 适当的40.approaching 即将到来的 41.appropriate 合适的,适当的 42.arbitrary 任意的 , 武断的 43.artificial假的,人造的 44.associated 有关联的,相关的,有联系的 (with) 45.assured 确信的,有把握的 46.ataloss(atsea) 不知所措地,困惑地 47.attached 附属于,爱幕的 (to) 48.attempted 有预谋的,未遂的 49.attentive 注意的,专心的,留心的 50.attractive 吸引人的,有吸引力的,诱人的 51.authentic 真正的,真实的,真品的,真迹 的 52.automatic 自动的 53.available 可获得的,可得到的,可找到的, 可购得的,可行的;(人)有空的 54.average 平均的,普通的,一般的,平常的 55.avoidable 可以避免的 56.awake 醒着的( wideawake) 57.aware 知道的,意识到的,明白的,察觉到 的 (of) 58.awful 糟糕的 , 极坏的 , 极讨厌的 , 可怕的,很 多的,非常的 59.awkward 笨拙的 , 棘手的,令人尴尬的,难 对付的,难处理的 60. badly – off(worse-off)穷困的,拮据的;境况 不佳的 61.bare 裸露的,光秃秃的,仅够的,最简单的 62.bebasedin---- (某人)居住在哪里,基地设 在哪里 63.bebasedon--- 以--- 为基础,以 --- 为根据 64.( be)farfrom 远非 --- 65.beneficial 有利的,有用的 66.big 重大的,严重的, 67.biological 生物的,生物学的 68.bitter (争论)激烈的;(人)愤愤不平的; 令人不快的;使人悲痛的;(食物)味苦的;严寒 69.blank 空白的,木然的,没表情的,不感兴 趣的,不理解的 70.blue 忧郁的,悲伤的;(冷或呼吸困难)发 青的,发紫的 71.bored 厌倦的,烦闷的 (with) 72.boring 无聊的,令人厌倦的,令人烦闷的, 没趣的 73.breathtaking 惊人的,激动人心的 74.brief 简短的,短暂的,短期的 75.brilliant 出色的,杰出的,卓越的,技艺高 超的,绝妙的,明亮的,鲜艳的,很好的

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