专题检测卷(十八)
完形填空
(建议用时: 40分钟)
A
On a trip to California, my family stopped for lunch. As we walked toward the entrance to the restaurant, a man, with a1beard and dirty hair, jumped up from a bench and opened the door for us. Regardless of his2, he greeted us in a friendly way.
Once inside, my daughters whispered, “Mom, he3. ”After we ordered our lunch, I explained, telling the kids to look4the dirt. We then watched other customers approach the restaurant but many5him. Seeing this rudeness truly upset me. The day I became a mother, I had resolved to set a good6to my children. Yet sometimes when things didn’t go right, being a good example was7. When our meal arrived, I realized I had left the car-sick pills in the truck. With the windiest trip ahead, the kids needed them, so I8myself from the meal and went to get them.
Just then, the “doorman” was opening the door for a couple. They rushed past him without even acknowledging his9. Letting them in first, I said a loud “thank you” to him as I10.
When I returned, we talked a bit. He said he was not allowed inside11he purchased food. I went back and told my family his12. Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sandwich. The kids looked13as we had already eaten, but when I said the order was for the “doorman”, they smiled. When it was time to14our trip, I noticed the “doorman” enjoying his meal. Upon seeing me, he stood up and thanked me heartily. He then 15his hand for a handshake and I gratefully accepted. I suddenly noticed the tears in his eyes—tears of16. What happened next drew great astonishment: I gave the “doorman” a17. He pulled away, with tears18 down his face.
Back in truck, I fell into deep thought. While we can’t c hoose many things in life, we can choose when to show gratitude(感恩). I said thanks to a man who had19help open a door for me, and also said thanks for that20 to teach my children by example.
1. A. heavy B. long C. messy D. grey
2. A. service B. appearance
C. status
D. attitude
3. A. smokes B. smiles C. sniffs D. smells
4. A. beyond B. over C. around D. into
5. A. hated B. ignored C. missed D. refused
6. A. target B. rule C. record D. example
7. A. stressful B. authentic
C. awkward
D. tough
8. A. excused B. freed
C. prevented
D. withdrew
9. A. company B. presence C. effort D. attempt
10. A. quitted B. marched
C. exited
D. approached
11. A. before B. unless C. though D. since
12. A. story B. deed C. experience D. demand
13. A. concerned B. shocked C. puzzled D. bored
14. A. make B. start C. take D. continue
15. A. lifted B. washed C. raised D. waved
16. A. approval B. affection C. sympathy D. gratitude
17. A. hug B. nod C. lift D. clap
18. A. slipping B. streaming C. rushing D. breaking
19. A. firmly B. instantly C. simply D. politely
20. A. journey B. wisdom
C. opportunity
D. challenge
【拓展训练】
用文中出现的短语或句式完成句子。
1. 不管别人说什么, 他都会签订那份合同。
He’ll sign that contract __________ what anyone says.
2. 他到达北京那天就去看望姨妈。
____________ , he went to visit his aunt.
3. 他开着灯就睡觉了。
He slept _____________ .
4. 一到达机场, 我们就受到了热烈欢迎。
_____________ , we were welcomed warmly.
B
The purpose of a letter of application(求职信)is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state1the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have2. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without3out any necessary facts.
In writing a letter of application, keep in4that the things a possible employer is most5to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6the first few sentences fail to7the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not9your own need or des ires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your10in today’s newspaper”, you might say “I have made a careful11of your advertising during the past six months ”or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives12your p roduct and why they like it. ”
Try to13generalities(概述). Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now14. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I15in a letter? Employers want experience—which, naturally, no16has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is17.
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent19is to enclose(内附)a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it20for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
1. A. easily B. carefully C. obviously D. clearly
2. A. done B. found C. known D. heard
3. A. sending B. leaving C. taking D. picking
4. A. brain B. sight C. mind D. order
5. A. probable B. possible C. able D. likely
6. A. While B. Although C. If D. As
7. A. win B. pay C. show D. fix
8. A. kept B. read
C. written
D. continued
9. A. from B. for C. into D. to
10. A. article B. report
C. advertisement
D. introduction
11. A. watch B. study
C. search
D. discussion
12. A. use B. make C. sell D. change
13. A. gain B. remember C. protect D. avoid
14. A. applying B. losing
C. preparing
D. fitting
15. A. offer B. supply C. provide D. mean
16. A. worker B. manager C. owner D. beginner
17. A. success B. experience
C. practice
D. development
18. A. State B. Ask C. Make D. Get
19. A. result B. idea
C. promise
D. decision
20. A. easier B. happier C. cheaper D. safer
【拓展训练】
请根据文章中的表述及下列要求写一封求职信。
假定你是李华, 将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书, 你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封100个词左右的求职信, 包括下列要点:
1. 年龄;
2. 学习情况及英语水平;
3. 兴趣和特长;
4. 性格特点。
注意: 开头结尾已给出。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
答案解析
A
【文章大意】作者一家在去加利福尼亚旅行的途中停下吃饭, 一个胡子凌乱头发很脏的人为他们开门, 其他进来的顾客也忽视了这个开门的人。作者点完饭菜后想起了晕车药在货车上就起身去拿, 她出去时向开门人道谢。取药回来后和开门人进行了短暂交流, 并为他买了饭菜。当作者一家离开继续旅行时, 开门的人和作者握手拥抱, 感激得泪如泉涌。在生活中我们有好多东西不能选择, 但我们可以选择何时感恩。1. 【解析】选C。考查前后照应和词义辨析。根据dirty hair可知应用messy。messy凌乱的; heavy沉重的; long长的; grey灰白的。
2. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据a man, with a ________ beard and dirty hair可知。appearance
外貌; service服务; status地位; attitude态度。
3. 【解析】选D。考查背景常识。这个开门的脏兮兮的, 自然气味难闻。
4. 【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。我们点完菜, 我告诉孩子们不要只看他脏的外表。
5. 【解析】选B。考查前后照应。根据句中的转折连词but可知许多顾客来饭店吃饭但却忽视了这个开门的。ignore忽视; hate憎恨; miss错过; refuse拒绝。
6. 【解析】选D。考查固定搭配和词语复现。set a good example to sb. 为某人树立好榜样; target目标; rule 规则; record纪录。下文Yet sometimes when things didn’t go right, being a good example was. 也有暗示。
7. 【解析】选D。考查前后照应。有时当事情不正确时, 做个好榜样很难。tough困难的; stressful有压力的; authentic真正的; 真实的; awkward笨拙的, 难对付的。
8. 【解析】选A。考查前后照应。由went to get them可知。excuse oneself from借故推脱; free释放, 使自由; prevent阻止; withdraw撤走, 撤退。
9. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据We then watched other customers approach the restaurant but many him. 可知此处用presence。presence存在; company陪伴; effort努力; attempt尝试。
10. 【解析】选C。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据上文When our meal arrived, I realized I had left the car-sick pills in the truck. With the windiest trip ahead, the kids needed them, so I myself from the meal and went to get them. 可知作者要出去。exit离开; quit停止; march行进; approach接近。
11. 【解析】选B。考查语法结构。他告诉我除非点东西吃他才被允许进去。unless除非; before在……之前; though尽管; since自从, 既然。
12. 【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。作者回去告诉家人他的故事。story故事; deed事迹; experience经历; demand 需要。
13. 【解析】选C。考查对上下文语境的理解。由于我们已经吃过了, 所以当作者向服务员再要一份汤和三明治时, 孩子们很困惑。puzzled困惑的; concerned关心的; shocked吃惊的; bored厌烦的。
14. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据On a trip to California, my family stopped for lunch. 可知作者一家吃完饭继续旅行。
15. 【解析】选A。考查前后照应。根据for a handshake可知。
16. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据Then I asked our waitress to add one soup and sandwich. The kids looked as we had already eaten, but when I said the order was for the “doorman”, they smiled. 可知开门的人应该很感激。
17. 【解析】选A。考查背景常识。作者先和开门的人握手, 接下来应该是拥抱。
18. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。作者并不嫌弃开门的人, 给他买了一份汤和三明治, 和他握手拥抱, 所以开门的人应该很感动, 泪如泉涌。
19. 【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。那个人仅仅为作者开门。simply仅仅; firmly坚定地; instantly即刻地; politely 有礼貌地。
20. 【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。作者很感谢有这次机会给孩子们做榜样。opportunity机会; journey旅行; wisdom智慧; challenge挑战。
【拓展训练】
1. regardless of
2. The day he arrived in Beijing
3. with the light on
4. Upon arriving at the airport
B
【文章大意】本文主要讲如何写求职信。
1. 【解析】选D。考查常识。根据常识可知写求职信应该清楚地表明你要找的工作。clearly清楚地; easily 容易地; carefully仔细地; obviously明显地。
2. 【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据what your abilities are可知是说你已经做过什么工作。
3. 【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。根据any necessary facts判断, 不要遗漏任何必要的事实。leave out遗漏;
send out分发, 散发; take out拿出; pick out挑出。
4. 【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。keep in mind为固定短语, 意为“记住”。brain大脑; sight视力; order秩序。
5. 【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事, 其主语可以是人也可以是物; probable 和possible尽管也有“可能”的意思, 但其主语不能是人; able有能力的。
6. 【解析】选C。考查语法结构。根据后面的主句可知前面的部分应该是条件状语从句, 故用if。
7. 【解析】选A。考查词义辨析。pay attention to注意; fix one’s attention on集中注意力于, 它们的主语应该是人; win one’s attention的主语是被注意的对象。
8. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。如果起初几句不能引起读者注意的话, 其余部分就可能不会被读了。
9. 【解析】选D。考查前后照应。根据Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer 中的to the needs or interests of the employer可知。
10. 【解析】选C。考查常识。因为是应聘者, 所以在报纸上看到的是广告。advertisement广告; article文章; report报道; introduction介绍。
11. 【解析】选B。考查固定搭配。根据上下文, 应聘者是看到招聘广告, 经过“研究”之后才来应聘的。study 研究; watch值班(人); search搜寻; discussion讨论。
12. 【解析】选A。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据your product可知是家庭主妇使用你们的产品。
13. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now. 可知应避免笼统性。avoid避免; gain获得; remember记得; protect保护。
14. 【解析】选A。考查固定搭配。既然是求职信, 理所当然应该是申请工作。apply申请, 与for连用; lose 失去; prepare准备; fit适合。
15. 【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。寻找第一份工作的大学毕业生经常问“在信中我能提供什么呢? ”provide 提供; offer后需要接双宾语; supply供应; mean打算。
16. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。根据College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I in a letter? 中的first可知是beginner。
17. 【解析】选B。考查词语复现。根据Employers want experience—which, naturally, no has. 可知。
18. 【解析】选C。考查固定搭配。为了应聘, 做一些特殊的要求。make a request要求, 为固定搭配。
19. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。这是对写求职信的建议, 因此用idea。result结果; promise 诺言; decision决定。
20. 【解析】选A。考查常识。随信内附上贴有邮票和写有自己的地址的信封当然更容易使雇主与你联系。
【拓展训练】
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary. I have great interest in the position you advertised and it will be my great honor to work for you.
I’m now 18 years old and will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Language School this July. I have been studying hard in school and I am always among the top students in our school. Meanwhile, English is really my cup of tea and I am good at it. My spoken English is especially outstanding. In addition, I have learned some knowledge about computers and I can type very fast. In my spare time, I enjoy reading, which contributes to my writing good articles. I am very patient, and through many kinds of sports I have developed my abilities to get along and cooperate with other people.
In conclusion, I have the confidence that I am qualified for the position. I would appreciate it if you could give me this job. Thank you very much.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读
高考英语完形填空专题训练 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 一 For millions of people, the mere thought of climbing a ladder or looking over a cliff is enough to set the heart racing. But now scientists have come to the 1 with a pill to treat the fear of 2 . The medicine — which contains the stress hormone cortisol (压力荷尔蒙皮质醇) — 3 with traditional treatment to help people 4 what makes them frightened. Fear of high places, or acrophobia, is one of the most common phobias (恐惧症). 5 , it is treated by exposing people to heights. 6 , the old way is rarely fully successful. The7 method combines this “exposure treatment”with an amount of cortisol, the hormone released by the body in times of 8 . The international team of scientists tested the 9 of a cortisol pill on 40 people 10 acrophobia. The participants were either given cortisol or a placebo 11 they were exposed to heights. Placebos look like 12 , but they have no medical effect and are safe for humans. At the end of the 13 , the participants were asked to describe how 14 they were using a questionnaire. Those taking cortisol were 15 less frightened. The effects were also 16 , with the participants still feeling less frightened a month after taking the pill. The scientists 17 that cortisol works by making people forget what they 18 . It is thought to cut blood flow to areas of the brain that bring back memories, leaving people unable to recall (忆起) their phobia of heights. It also 19 the creation of new memories —allowing patients to 20 their new-found bravery. The drug’s effects have been reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1. A. rescue B. scene C. ground D. agreement 2. A. heights B. competition C. stages D. weight
高考化学专题训练及解析： 无机框图题 （含标准答案及解析） 时间：45分钟分值：100分 1．从物质A的水溶液出发，有如图所示的一系列变化(参加反应或反应生成的H2O没有表示出来)。 试完成下列问题： (1)写出下列物质的化学式： A，E，X，Y。 (2)写出步骤①②发生反应的离子方程式： ①________________________________________________________________________； ②________________________________________________________________________。2．甲、乙、丙为常见单质。A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H均为中学化学中常见的化合物，其中B、G的焰色反应均为黄色，C能使品红溶液褪色。在一定条件下，各物质相互转化关系如图所示。 请回答下列问题： (1)用化学式表示：丙为__________，H为__________。 (2)A的电子式为__________________________________________________________。 (3)电解E的水溶液时，E起到的作用是_____________________________________。 (4)写出B＋C―→D的化学方程式：_________________________________________； 写出E＋G―→F的离子方程式：____________________________________________ 3．A、B、C、D、E为中学化学常见的单质或化合物，相互转化关系如图所示(部分产物略去)。 (1)若A是能使湿润红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体；C、D均为空气的主要成分；E是一种有 毒气体。 ①C的电子式为______________。
2014年高考英语全国1卷听力（录音+原文+答案） 听力下载 链接：https://https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e16054866.html,/s/15fBZw6-1yj309FrPWC-lBg 提取码：1234 2014全国卷听力试题 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What does the woman want to do? A. Find a place. B. Buy a map. C. Get an address.
2. What will the man do for the woman? A. Repair her car. B. Give her a ride. C. Pick up her aunt. 3. Who might Mr. Peterson be? A. A new professor. B. A department head. C. A company director. 4. What does the man think of the book? A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting. C. Too simple. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Weather. B. Clothes. C. News. 第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman? A. He has a pain in his knee.
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
2009年高考英语完形填空专题训练（一） 1 I live in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and some homeless people frequent the stoplights. I often gave money to the homeless, feeling 1for their bad luck. But later I became a single mom with no home, a huge debt. As a result, I 2giving and became very 3 . Things started to 4 for me. Again I had a home, and plenty of food, and I started to 5 myself out of debt. One day we saw a homeless person with the 6 , “Will work for food.” I 7 . My daughter commented, “Mommy, you 8 to give to those people in 9 .’’ I replied, “Honey, they just use that money for alcohol or other 10 things.” She didn’t respond. But when I said that, it didn’t feel right. Three days later, I was driving to 11up my daughter from school. A man was standing on the corner, and something deep 12 me said, “Just help him.” 13 I rolled down my window, and he ran over with enthusiasm, saying “God bless you, I only need 77 cents.” I 14into my ashtray and strangely enough, there sat three quarters and two pennies. I scooped（抓起）it up and gave it to him. He 15 with joy and tears in his 16 , “Wow, you just made it 17 for me to see my mom for Christmas! Thank you; the bus that had this great sale is 18 in 20 minutes!” It was a moment I’ll never forget. I think that man won’t forget it either, 19 I was the one who got the best 20 in life -- GIVING. 1. A. pleased B. sorry C. nervous D. notable 2. A. stopped B. refused C. considered D. continued 3. A. bitter B. disappointed C. satisfied D. happy 4. A. reform B. decline C. end D. change 5. A. pull B. drive C. persuade D. concern 6. A. gesture B. symbol C. sign D. sentence
常考问题5 导数的综合应用 (建议用时：50分钟) 1．若函数y ＝－4 3x 3＋bx 有三个单调区间，则b 的取值范围是________． 解析 由条件y ′＝－4x 2＋b ，∴Δ＝0＋16b ＞0，得b ＞0. 答案 (－2，－1) 2．已知函数f (x )＝13x 3 －2x 2＋3m ，x ∈[0，＋∞)，若f (x )＋5≥0恒成立，则实数 m 的取值范围是________． 解析 f ′(x )＝x 2－4x ，由f ′(x )>0，得x >4或x <0. ∴f (x )在(0,4)上递减，在(4，＋∞)上递增，∴当x ∈[0，＋∞)时，f (x )min ＝f (4)．∴要使f (x )＋5≥0恒成立，只需f (4)＋5≥0恒成立即可，代入解之得m ≥179. 答案 ???? ?? 179，＋∞ 3．下面四个图象中，有一个是函数f (x )＝1 3x 3＋ax 2＋(a 2－1)x ＋1(a ∈R)的导函数 y ＝f ′(x )图象，则f (－1)等于________． 解析 ∵f ′(x )＝x 2＋2ax ＋a 2－1，∴f ′(x )的图象开口向上，则②，④排除．若图象不过原点，则f ′(x )的图象为①，此时a ＝0，f (－1)＝5 3；若图象过原点，则f ′(x )的图象为③，此时a 2－1＝0，又对称轴x ＝－a >0，∴a ＝－1， ∴f (－1)＝－1 3. 答案 －13或5 3 4．(2013·南通调研)设P 是函数y ＝x (x ＋1)图象上异于原点的动点，且该图象在
点P 处的切线的倾斜角为θ，则θ的取值范围是________． 解析 因为y ′＝12x －12(x ＋1)＋x ＝3x 2＋1 2x ≥2 34＝3，(当且仅当x ＝13 时，“＝”成立)设点P (x ，y )(x ＞0)，则在点P 处的切线的斜率k ≥3，所以tan θ≥3，又θ∈[0，π)，故θ∈?????? π3，π2. 答案 ???? ?? π3，π2 5．函数f (x )的定义域是R ，f (0)＝2，对任意x ∈R ，f (x )＋f ′(x )>1，则不等式e x ·f (x )>e x ＋1的解集为______． 解析 构造函数g (x )＝e x ·f (x )－e x ，因为g ′(x )＝e x ·f (x )＋e x ·f ′(x )－e x ＝e x [f (x )＋f ′(x )]－e x >e x －e x ＝0，所以g (x )＝e x ·f (x )－e x 为R 上的增函数．又因为g (0)＝e 0·f (0)－e 0＝1，所以原不等式转化为g (x )>g (0)，解得x >0. 答案 (0，＋∞) 6．(2013·温州模拟)关于x 的方程x 3－3x 2－a ＝0有三个不同的实数解，则实数a 的取值范围是________． 解析 由题意知使函数f (x )＝x 3－3x 2－a 的极大值大于0且极小值小于0即可，又f ′(x )＝3x 2－6x ＝3x (x －2)，令f ′(x )＝0，得x 1＝0，x 2＝2.当x ＜0时，f ′(x )＞0；当0＜x ＜2时，f ′(x )＜0；当x ＞2时，f ′(x )＞0，所以当x ＝0时，f (x )取得极大值，即f (x )极大值＝f (0)＝－a ；当x ＝2时，f (x )取得极小值，即f (x )极小值＝f (2)＝－4－a ，所以{ －a ＞0，－4－a ＜0，解得－4＜a ＜0. 答案 (－4,0) 7．若函数f (x )＝－1 2x 2＋4x －3ln x 在[t ，t ＋1]上不单调，则t 的取值范围是______． 解析 对f (x )求导，得f ′(x )＝－x ＋4－3x ＝－x 2 ＋4x －3 x ＝－(x －1)(x －3)x .由 f ′(x )＝0得函数f (x )的两个极值点为1,3，则只要这两个极值点有一个在区间(t ，t ＋1)内，函数f (x )在区间[t ，t ＋1]上就不单调，所以t <1 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江） 英语试题 选择题部分（共80分） 第一部分：英语知识应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题0.5分，满分10分） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1. ---I am going to Spain fort a holiday soon. --- ______. A. It’s my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into ______ night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the 3.An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 4.Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive 5.I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 6.We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e16054866.html,st week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause 8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 9.No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 10.While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ . A. in return B. in common C. in turn D. in place 11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests 历年高考英语完形填空及答案合集(四) () 3105 Having left the town, the girl stopped the car at the landing near the entrance of the bay (海湾)She stepped into the 16 and rowed out silently. The tide was rushing to the entrance and 17 to the wild open sea. She had to row across the bay to reach 18 side. The waves struck against the side of the boat, 19 and uneven; it became 20 difficult to row. If she 21 for a moment, the tide would push the boat back towards the 22 . She wasn' t even halfway, 23 she was already tired and her hands 24 from pulling on the rough wooden oars (船桨).“I'm never going to 25 it”, she thought. She rested the oars on her knees and 26 her head helplessly, then looked up as she 27 the boat shift(晃动) against the tide. The east wind , which had swung(旋转) around from the south-west, 28 her help and pushed the boat towards the mountains. It was going to be 29 . Her hands weren't so painful. Her chest didn?t feel as if it was about to burst 30 . 高考英语完形填空专项训练 一、考点分析 根据德国学者J·Trier的理论，“词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场”。语义场中词与词之间的语义关系是相互依存的。意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链。简言之，任何一篇文章必然是围绕一个话题来论述的，因此，行文中词语的同现或复现现象就不可避免。词汇的复现现象具体指的是某一个词以原词、词形变化后的词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词等形式重复出现在语篇中。根据这个原则，某个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，同学们可以依据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。现在就以高考真题为例来为同学们呈现如何利用词汇复现规律这一技巧帮助我们在完形填空中做出正确选择。 If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals. In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture. Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’ s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened. As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The 60 Knows Scientists have also turned to non humans to increase understanding of attraction. Many 常考问题7三角恒等变换与解三角形 (建议用时：50分钟) 1．(2013·济宁二模)在△ABC中，角A，B，C所对的边分别为a，b，c，且a＝1，B＝45°，S△ABC＝2，则b等于________． 解析∵S＝1 2ac sin B＝2，∴ 1 2×1×c×sin 45°＝2. ∴c＝4 2. ∴b2＝a2＋c2－2ac cos B＝1＋32－2×1×42×cos 45°. ∴b2＝25，b＝5. 答案 5 2．(2013·北京东城区期末)在△ABC中，A，B，C为内角，且sin A cos A＝sin B cos B，则△ABC是________三角形． 解析由sin A cos A＝sin B cos B得sin 2A＝sin 2B＝sin(π－2B)，所以2A＝2B 或2A＝π－2B，即A＝B或A＋B＝π 2，所以△ABC为等腰或直角三角形． 答案等腰或直角 3．(2013·浙江卷改编)已知α∈R，sin α＋2cos α＝10 2，则tan 2α等于________． 解析∵sin α＋2cos α＝10 2， ∴sin2α＋4sin α·cos α＋4cos2α＝5 2. 化简，得4sin 2α＝－3cos 2α， ∴tan 2α＝sin 2α cos 2α＝－ 3 4. 答案－3 4 4．在△ABC中，内角A，B，C所对的边分别是a，b，c.已知8b＝5c，C＝2B，则cos C等于________． 解析先用正弦定理求出角B的余弦值，再求解． 由b sin B ＝c sin C ，且8b ＝5c ，C ＝2B ， 所以5c sin 2B ＝8c sin B ，所以cos B ＝4 5. 所以cos C ＝cos 2B ＝2cos 2 B －1＝7 25. 答案 7 25 5．已知tan β＝43，sin(α＋β)＝5 13，其中α，β∈(0，π)，则sin α的值为________． 解析 依题意得sin β＝45，cos β＝35；注意到sin(α＋β)＝5 13 绝密★启用前 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I） 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where are the speakers? A. At a swimming pool. B. In a clothing shop. C. At a school lab. 2. What will Tom do next? A. Turn down the music. B. Postpone the show. C. Stop practicing. 3. What is the woman busy doing? A. Working on a paper. B. Tidying up the office. C. Organizing a party. 4. When will Henry start his vacation? A. This weekend. B. Next week. C. At the end of August. 5. What does Donna offer to do for Bill? 历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结 动词类： 1“看”look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice 注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看 Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见see a film watch TV 2“说”telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流Say sth诉说的内容speak in English说的语言whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某 事Bargain讨价还价chat聊天repeat重复explain解释warn警告 remind提醒Discuss 讨论debate辩论figure 指出declare宣布claim自称 mention 提起admit 承认deny 否绝describe描述announce 公布introduce 介绍complain抱怨 3“叫”cry哭叫call叫shout大喊scream尖叫moan呻吟sigh叹气quarrel大吵4“问”ask 询问interview 采访express表达question审问 5“答”answer回答respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复 6 “听”listen to听的动作hear听的结果pick up收听overhear无意听到 7“写”dictate听写write sth 写d escribe描写drop a line 写信draw画 take down/write down写下，记下 8“拿/放”take拿走bring拿来hold举着carry扛，挑（无方向性）fetch拿来拿去lift 举Put放lay 铺/放置pull拉/push推 9“抓”take hold of 抓着seize紧抓grasp 握住scratch 抠 10“打”hit一次性的打击beat不间断的打击strike突然的击打/突然想到blow吹刮attack攻击 11“扔”throw扔drop掉放弃错过fall 倒下无意掉下来wave 招手shake摇 12“送”send寄送deliver递送give给offer 主动给予see off给某人送行 13“摸/抱”touch摸/fold折叠/embrace拥抱/ hug抱/hold 握in one’s arms 14“踢/碰”kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲 15“行”walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳slip溜come/go enter进入move搬迁drive开车ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进 高考英语完形填空专题练习带答案 高考英语完形填空专题练习1： All houses should have a kitchen window.At least，for me，there is a lot to see in the view from my kitchen window. It was a spring day，and I was washing the dishes when I happened to 1 of the kitchen window into the backyard.My husband，Mike，was out cultivating the garden with a 2 .Our son，Jeremy，who was four years old at the time was right 3 him. Mike was moving the plough very 4 in order to do a good job of breaking up the soil for 5 .My son was just inches behind my husband and each time Mike took a step，Jeremy took a step.He would carefully put his own small 6 in the huge footmark 7 from my husban d’s boot.He took a 8 with his right foot and then his left and then he would wait 9 for when it would be time to take the next step.Although Jeremy didn’t know it，his father had been 10 over him all the time，even when he stumbled绊 and 11 . That view from my kitchen window has 12 in my mind until this day.In one way it is a 13 of the need of a child for a father’s good example. It is also an illustration for all of us.How many times I have walked ahead of my father， 14 to find dry and hard grou nd that I couldn’t 15 because it hadn’t been ploughed yet.I got into 16 because I didn’t wait for my father to go before me and 17 the way. At other times，I became 18 of waiting for the next step and began looking around at all the rocks of the world that led me to 19 my road.Like Jeremy， all I needed was to turn around and 20 my eyes on my father who had also been watching over me all the time. 1.A.turn outB.look outC.carry outD.make out 2.A.ploughB.cowC.stickD.tractor 3.A.beforeB.aboveC.behindD.beside 4.A.quicklyB.simplyC.eagerlyD.slowly 5.A.harvestingB.wateringC.plantingD.growing2014年全国卷高考英语试卷及答案
历年高考英语完形填空及答案合集(四)
高考英语完形填空专项训练
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2020年高考英语全国一卷(精校+精析)
历年高考英语完形填空常用词汇总结
高考英语完形填空专题练习带答案
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