Abstract
PolitenessisacompHcatedsocial距dcultI】ralpknOmenOn.Rese孤chershOmeandabroadhavedoncp1∞tyofresearches{ntothisph∞omenon.B船edon
L丽1sondefine凸lceasb船icwamsandraisenleGo插nan’sfacemeory,王ko、Ⅳn蛆d
Face?saving皿eoryandpolit胁essS缸眦egi船.Leechsmdiesp01iteness诵thinaIl“血erpersonalrh哟Iic”andemph蠲izesmeregula虹Vef11埘砸onofp01iterless.ScoUon蛆dScollonstlldyfaceandpoHtcness矗Ommeinterpcrsonalview.hlChina,manyresearchersllaveparticipated血也eresearch.Thefesearchershavesmdiednlepolitelless也eory蛆d也epolitenessstfate百esin脚lish.Theyalsohavedonesomeresearchbyconneccingpolitenessmeory州也meoriesinpra鲫撕cs趴do心盯su_bjects,Suchas仕anslation,cross—amur“co删m埘cationandforei舭1angllage
all也es机dies,GuYueguo’ssmdyisoneof血emostinnu豇mal.Heteacbjng,ctc..Of
is也e丘rsttopropOse也eP01it衄essMaximswimChinesechara甜eristics.111ispaper甜e玎叩tstoconductacridcalstudyonⅥ,hemcrML(hlY|uegu0’s
confo彻.tome1in鲥sticrealityin也emailllandofChina曲maPolitenessMa)【inls
pmgmaticandsocioliIlguis廿cperSpective.Fiddworkh孤beencarriedouta11ddatacollectedhavebeellanalyzedfortllefirSt廿meto咖dy血eapplicationofGu’sPolit∞essMa)【imscridcallyin也emaill】andOfCM工laand龇e髓ctofsocialvariableson也eusesofmep01ite1aIlguagefo皿s.T1lisStudyadoptsaquall虹诅tiveapproach.Dataarecollectednlroughques廿。衄airesdis蜘buted锄0ngaltogetller180
dif融emeducationalbac虹即unds舶mdi融entoccupaIionsandpeoplewinl
di侬榭lt
ages.
Thep印盯investigatest11r∞m双imsofchl’sPoHt∞鹤sP曲ciple:theSelf-deni黟ationMa)【inl,也eAddr髓s—妇mMa)【im趾dtheRcfin锄垧1tMaxiIn.hladdmon,mesod豇Variablesa搋c妇gpeople’s11sesofp01ite1anguagefb衄sarealsoconcemed.Theresllltsshow山at谢也thec:haIlgeofthesituadonhome缸1dabroad,thepolite1anguagefomlsin也emai】咀跹dhavechanged:thep01iteexp曙essio璐suchas“6挣锄(鄙人),6跚昭(鄙姓),础轴抒(小儿),J船讲(舍弟),6弛矗f(卑职),6ic^觏g(敝厂),6淑幻(敝校),履,蝎瞄噜(令郎),丘,塘仍(令弟),fi,咿n日(令妹)andz面伫肼(尊职)”areseldomusedbypeoplein也eirdailyfke.to-facec0删∞unjcationandsohave
becomeobsolete.“H加’’(您)and‘‘肛hi,珂’(贵姓)havebecomethebasicp01ite
expressionsforco衄on
people.“俯印D’’(老婆)isnolongertheaddressf0咖for
one’sownwifetoshowone’sself_denjg硎on;itcanbeusedtorefertoother’swifewhen也esocialdistancebet、Ⅳeen血espeal【er趾dtheimedocutorisveryclose.
RespectingoⅡlcrpeopleisstillChinesepeople’s打撕tion,butweChincsed0notalwaysdeIligrateourselves.InnueⅡcedby山ecultIlreoftlleforeigncoulltry,modemC}lirlesepeoplea:ctachmuchimportancetoiIldiVidllalityandself.expression,someyd0notalwaysdenigra把m锄selVeswhcntheyarecornplimented.Buttheacceptanceoftllecompliments丘Dmothersdependsonwhatis∞mplimentedandme∞cialdistancebetweenthecompliment抽gpersonaIld也eco玎nplimentedperson.Peopledonotalwaysuseself-ref跏ngwordstoexpressself-delli掣ationa11dother-refbningwordstoexpresstlleirrespectforothers.Comextplaysadecisiveroleindetenniningthemeaningofthere蛐gwordS.“6fd巧越/6i面暑矿’(表姐/表哥)areseldomusedbypeoplebom血theseventiesandeightiesofthet、ventiemcentu础wim也echar喀eofollrsocietyandnlcadopdonOft11eone?couple,one-c11ildf细ily-pl删ngpolicy.Peopledonotal啪ysuserefinedlanguagefbnnsintlleirdailyface-to—fkecomm埘cation.Folll
language
fo朋sarcOftenused锄ongpeoplewhohavecloserelationsllip谢址leacho也ert0expresssolidar崎.
ThepaperconsistSoff如eck啤rs.Fir咄abriefin灯oductionispresentedto也esmdyofpolitenessphenomenonhome锄dabroad.nenGu’spolitenessmeOryisi曲的duced.Chapter3isasc曲edtodealiⅡg讪tllaimsofthestudya11dmetllodologicalproblemsfbcus抽gonresearchmetllodsa11dprocedures
Of恤
investigation.InChapter4,detaileddataanalysisismade.Finally,aconclusionisdrawn:TheSelf-delli掣砒ionMa)【im,tIleAddress-te咖Ma)【imandmeI沁f.meInentMa)dmofGu’sPolitenessMaxi工nsd0notcon】主mmt0thelingIlisticrealitiesm也emainI趾dofCllilla.Besides,mefollrVadables(age,occupation,genderaIldeducation)consideredin也isstudyhave趾i姐uenceon也eusesofp01itel柚guagef0衄s,aIldsocialdis恤nce蛆dcomextplayasi卿6c雏troleinwhe山erpeoplechoosetospeal(politelyornot.
Keywords:politeness;PolitenessPrinciple;self-dem胂tionMa)(im;Address.te加Ma)【im;RefinedM舣iIn;socialvariables