非谓语动词
云南省富源县第二中学唐老五
动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
（一）动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1.作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.
动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用for
It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.：It is very important for you to learn English well.
2.作表语：My wish is to become a teacher.
3.作宾语：Most of us like to watch football matches.
4.作宾语补足语：He told me to be here on time.
5.作定语：I have nothing to say about that thing. This afternoon I have a lot of homework to do.
6.作状语：He stopped to have a look.
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.（不定式作宾语）
(2) How to use the machine is a question.（不定式作主语）
(3) The question is when to go there.（不定式作表语）
（二）动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.
2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.
5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二、分词
分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。
（一）分词的作用
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：
1．作定语
Do you know the boy standing at the gate?
Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？
2．作表语
We are excited at the news.
The news he told us is exciting.
3．作宾语补足语
I heard him singing a song in the classroom.
We found the ground covered with snow.
4．作状语
While lying in bed, he listened to some music.
Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
（二）分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：
Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.
现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
（三）现在分词的被动式
被动一般式being done
被动完成式having been done
This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.
Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.
（四）分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.
Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.
（五）分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.
The meeting being over, they all left the room.
三、动名词
动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。
动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
⑴Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）
⑵My job is looking after children.（作表语）
⑶I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）
⑷We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：
He made me angry by not taking the medicine.
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：
Would you mind my opening the door?
动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。例如：
We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)
Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生）
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：
I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
She attended the party without being invited.
第二节实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1．动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）
I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）
2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.
3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。
例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。
例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.
The cinema is said to have been built last year.
5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式
例如：I hate eating the same food every day.
Would you like to watch TV in the evening?
6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。
例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.
He needs to clean the house first.
7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。
例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.
I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.
8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。
例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.
9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。
例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.
10. 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。
例如：Having finished his composition, he went home.
While looking through the paper, he found some errors.
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught 答案为C。
【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in 答案为C。
【解析】lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his parents与lack是逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。译文：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是设法让他上了大学。
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost 答案：B
【解析】risk后面只能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒……之险”。
例4、_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed 答案为C。
【解析】在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put 答案：A
【解析】put sth. into use “让……投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。
例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have 答案：C
【解析】动词不定式充当目的状语。
例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
答案为C
【解析】动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示
已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。
例8、More and more people are signing up for Y oga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken 答案：A
【解析】take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for (报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。
例9、Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit 答案为A。
【解析】该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。
例10、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope 答案为B。
【解析】现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。
第三节巩固练习
【2012全国卷II】⒑Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped 【答案】A
【2012全国卷II】⒖ The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy
___ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched 【答案】A 【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked 【答案】B
【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he
found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked 【答案】B
【2012重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked 【答案】A
【2012重庆】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made 【答案】A
【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit 【答案】A
【2012全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to 【答案】D
【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects
B. correct
C. to correct
D. correcting 【答案】D
【2012北京】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use 【答案】C
【2012北京】31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.
A. Knock
B. Knocking
C. Knocked
D. To knock 【答案】A
【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacking
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked 【答案】C
【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized 【答案】A
【2012陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.
A. Standing
B. To stand
C. Stood
D. Stand 【答案】A
【2012陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but __an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet 【答案】D
【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told
B. telling
C. being told
D. told 【答案】A
【2012山东】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope __.
A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide 【答案】B
【2012湖南】21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do 【答案】C
【2012湖南】23. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use 【答案】B
【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting
B. being starting
C. to start
D. to be started 【答案】A
【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______ the breakfast untouched.
A. left
B. to leave
C. leaving
D. having left 【答案】C
【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school __to the new students.
A. speaking
B. having spoken
C. to speak
D. to have spoken 【答案】C
【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ___him it.
A. offered
B. offering
C. to offer
D. to be offered 【答案】B
【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog ____.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows 【答案】B
【2012辽宁】29. This machine is very easy _____. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate 【答案】D
【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding
B. to find
C. being found
D. to have found 【答案】B
【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound 【答案】C
【2012四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed
B. wash
C. washing
D. to wash 【答案】A
【2012浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ____ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain 【答案】D
【2012浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____ his job. A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit 【答案】D
【2012浙江】11. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as sh e sat at the table _____ for customers.
A. to be reserved
B. having reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved 【答案】D
【2012江苏】31. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base 【答案】B
附录：
非谓语动词详解（自我提升版）
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．抽这么多烟对你身体不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
(3)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．
他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．
如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但是：
(1)有些动词要求不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)要求不定式做宾语：
attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视
afford负担得起demand要求long渴望
arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算
begin开始expect期望omit忽略，漏
appear似乎，显得determine决定manage设法
cease停止hate憎恨，厌恶pretend假装
ask问dread害怕need需要
agree同意desire愿望love爱
swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望
bear承受endeavor努力offer提供
beg请求fail不能plan计划
bother扰乱；烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢，宁愿
care关心，喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备
decide决定learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾
choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明
claim要求hope希望promise承诺，允许
start开始undertake承接want想要
consent同意，赞同intend想要refuse拒绝
decide决定learn学习vow起
contrive设法，图谋incline有…倾向propose提议
seek找，寻觅try试图
2)要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求，邀请get请，得到promote促使
allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿
announce宣布force强迫press迫使
bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求
assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示
advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求
authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐
bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒
beg请求induce引诱report报告
compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤
command命令intend想要，企图show显示
drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练
cause引起instruct指示require要求
leave使，让tell告诉wish希望
direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱
entitle有资格order命令warn告诫
enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说
encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要
condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教
entreat恳求permit允许
3) 用于“动词+宾语+to be + 形容词或名词”结构的动词
believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think
(2)只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认，自认cease 停止mention说到，讲到
admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌
advocate：提倡，主张complete完成dread可怕
appreciate 感激，欣赏confess坦白endure忍受
avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有，喜爱
bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒
can’t help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑，逃避
can’t stand受不了deny否认excuse借口
consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想，爱好
favor 造成，偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟
figure描绘，计算miss错过resent怨恨
finish完成，结束不得pardon原谅，饶恕resist抵抗，阻止
forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复
imagine设想postpone延迟，延期risk冒险
involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议
hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救，储蓄
keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持，忍受
loathe非常讨厌，厌恶recall回想
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
注：下列动词，如后面有名词或代词作宾语，则接不定式做宾补；否则，直接加动名词做宾语。
allow, advise, encourage, forbid, permit, recommend
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）
2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味着
7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）
8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）
proposing doing建议（做某事）
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象概念
You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
10) need, want, deserve, require +动名词表被动意义= need, want, deserve, require+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词，动名词作定语的区别
(1）不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：
ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动
ambition抱负，野心effort努力，尝试need需要，需求
campaign战役，运动failure失败，不及格opportunity机会
chance机会force力，压力，要点promise许诺，希望
courage勇气intention意向，意图reason理由，原因
decision决定method方法，方式light光，光线，亮光
determination决心，决定motive动机，目的struggle奋斗，努力，
tendency倾向，趋势wish希望，愿望，祝愿
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only, very和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
He is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个走。
6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
Would you like something to drink?
7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled,
newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？
4）动名词做定语，通常用来表示该名词的功能。
He has a reading room.
a writing desk a smoking room a walking stick a fighting post
5．不定式和分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语（即句子的主语）的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因（常放句尾）。
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never too…to,too…not to, but/only too… to,too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。
6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构
（1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：
When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don’t know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）
（注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式：
While still a young boy, Tom knew how to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…，只能…”讲时跟不定式，在下列结构中but后常接不带to的不定式。
cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but,
do nothing but, have nothing to do but
此外，若but（有时也用except）前有行为动词do及do的其他形式，后面接不带to的不定式。反之，接带to的不定式。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)后接不带to的不定式做宾补------一感二听三让五看半帮助
(注)：①上述动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
He was seen to come．
②在动词help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to
③这类词也可用现在分词作宾补，但要注意区别：
see sb doing/ see sb do
（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构（独立主格）
1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如：
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。
2) “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。在句中通常做状语。
n/pron + doing/done/to do/ adj/adv/ prep-phrase
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
注：“物主代词/ 名词所有格/ 名词通格/人称代词宾格+ 动名词”称为动名词的复合结构，在句中可做主语，宾语，表语。
Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife’s working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
His coming home late worries his mother.]
(5) 动名词的惯用语
A：It is no use/ no good/ not any use/ not any good/ useless + doing 做……是没用的
B: 主语+ have trouble/ difficulty/ fun/ headaches/ problems + (in) doing sth
C: There is no + doing “根本不可能”
There is no telling what he is going to do．说出他要干什么是不可能的。
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。
D: What do you say to + doing? “你认为……怎么样”
E：be on the point of doing 快要
F：make a point of doing 认为……是必要的= make it a point to do
人教版英语非谓语动词易错题集锦-名师教育含答案解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．I really don't know this question. It is too hard. A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。which to answer回答 哪一个; how to answer怎么回答；what to answer回答什么;据It's too hard.可知此处指的是 这个问题太难，不知道如何回答，选B 2．—I think the environment is terrible these years. —Yes, it will be even worse the government takes action it. A. until; protect B. unless; to protect C. if; protecting 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我认为这几年来环境太糟糕了。——是的，环境会变得更糟 糕，除非政府采取措施保护环境。A. until; 直到…为止，B. unless除非，如果不，连词;C. if 如果，连词；until和if放在这里，句意不通顺，take action to do sth. 采取行动去做某事， 动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 【点评】此题考查连词短语和固定搭配。 3．Would you mind ____________down the music? It's too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：你介意把音乐的音量调小一些吗？太吵了。A. to turn 不定式 B. turning 动名词（或现在分词） C. turn.动词原形。 mind.意为"介意；在乎"后面只能跟动名 词作宾语，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握固定搭配。 4．Nowadays,most people prefer to________ computer games rather than ___________ books. A. play；reading B. play；read C. playing; reading 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：现在，大部分人比起读书更喜欢玩电脑游戏。prefer to do A rather than do B比起B更喜欢做A。故答案为B。 【点评】考查动词prefer的用法，掌握固定搭配。 5．—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
词谓语动非在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）. 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：+“特殊疑问句+to , 疑问词+动词）2（．t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I don't decide when to go there. I can'注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign
1.（2020·江苏卷·单项选择）Technological innovations, good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语：be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略be动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选A。 2.（2020·天津卷·单项选择）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是为了帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。 3.（2020·天津卷·单项选择）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A. being clapped B. clap C. clapped D. clapping 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。 4.（2019·江苏卷·单项选择）___________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 13
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：
2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)D A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 4）作宾语补足语 It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. 这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。 We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。 I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。 注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。” 能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。 【透视高考题】 1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) B A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making 2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) A A .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) A A. to do B. to be doing C done D doing 5）作定语 Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？ 注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live in . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
高考英语非谓语动词 定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等 一、非谓语动词基本形式 1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do 2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing 现在分词：doing not doing 1. 分词 过去分词：done not done 二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化 1.
* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的句法功能 （1）二者作主语的差别： 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG. Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作） （2）下列句型常用动名词作主语 no use/good not any use/good It is/was + of little use/good + doing sth worth EG. It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 （3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语 It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ?+ for sb. to do sth. ④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ?+ of sb. to do sth.
考题回顾 非谓语动词(一) 1.(2010·重庆)The news shocked the public, ________ to great concern about students' safety at school. A.having led B.led C.leading D.to lead 答案与解析:C 现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果? 2.(2010·湖南)Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle 答案与解析:C 根据句意可知,此处应用现在分词形式作伴随状语,且struggle这一动作发生在谓语动词took之前,故用现在分词的完成式?句意:在经过数月努力找一份服务员的工作未果之后,Dina 最终在一个当地广告事务所谋得了一个职位? 3.(2010·福建)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A.sending B.to send C.having sent D.to have sent 答案与解析:A 句意:地震过后,许多救援人员正日夜不停地工作,向青海玉树运输救援物资?现在分词短语作伴随状语,表示同时发生的动作,故选A? C项表示动作已完成,不符合句意?不定式表示出乎预料的结果,作目的状语时一般不与主句隔开,可排除B?D两项? 4.(2010·四川)The lawyer listened with full attention, ________ to miss any point. A.not trying B.trying not C.to try not D.not to try 答案与解析:B 句中现在分词作伴随状语?not trying...表示“不努力做……”,trying not...表示“努力不……”,意义不同?句意:律师专注地倾听着,努力不错过任何要点? 5.(2010·金华检测)The manager of the hotel forbids employees ________ tips from customers. A.accepting B.Accept C. accepted D.to accept 答案与解析:D 句意:这个宾馆的经理禁止员工接受顾客的小费?forbid后面要求接不定式作宾补? 6.(2010·全国Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad. A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought 答案与解析:B 句意:父亲节即将来临,我已经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼物?空白处应用动词不定式作目的状语,因此答案为B项? 7.(2010·江西)There were many talented actors out there just waiting ________. A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discovered D.being discovered 答案与解析:B 句意:很多有天赋的演员在那里,就是为了等着被人发现?discover与many talented actors之间是动宾关系,且强调将来,故用不定式的被动语态? 8.(2010·全国Ⅰ)Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library. A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing 答案与解析:C 句意:怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图?maps与borrow为动宾关系,因此空白处应用过去分词作后置定语,故答案为C项? 9.(2010·北京)I'm calling to enquire about the position ________ in yesterday's China Daily. A.advertised B.to be advertised C.advertising D.having advertised
非谓语动词 一、什么？ 非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。 一、不定式： 基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/never+不定式 动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例） 用法： A. 做主语 1. 放句首 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 没有准时到哪里是我的错 2.为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后 B. 做宾语 1. 跟在动词后面： wish（希望）hope（希望）plan（计划）expect（期待）等 2. 跟在形容词后面： able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。 C. 做宾补 不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。形式： 1. 谓语动词+sb/sth to do sth advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。 我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。 2.省略to 一、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice 我昨天听到他们在唱歌。I heard them sing yesterday. 二、make, let, have 他希望做什么就让他做好了。 D. 做状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 1 表示目的 我省钱为了买一台电脑。I’m saving money to buy a computer. 2 表示结果 My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. (Only to do sth) 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 3 表示原因 I am very glad to see you. 4 表示条件 To have a talk with him, you would like him. 5:表程度 He was too excited to say a work. He is old enough to go to school E. 做表语 他的愿望是做一个老师。
非谓语动词 非谓 相对谓语动词的时间意义例句 语动 词 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home. 一般是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wish I hope to see you. 等。 式不 I saw him come in. 定式 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多 数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾 He helped him (to) carry things. 语。 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) He insisted on doing that work 一般 等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发 式动 生。 名词 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;I remember seeing him before. upon after代替完成动名词表 示的动作在谓语 动词表示的动作先发生。 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语 持续性 动词表示的动作同时发生。 现动词 在 一般 分说明分词表示的动作发生之后， 式分 词终止性 句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发 词动词 生。 过持续性通常说明分词表示的动 作，此句动词中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 去On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
人教版英语非谓语动词完整归纳含答案解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．—Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：马里奥，你的手机响了。--等一下。在穿过马路时接电话是危险的。A. answering 动名词或者现在分词；B. to answer 动词不定式； C. answer 动词原形； D. answered动词过去式。在it is +形容词for sb to do sth,句式中it代替动词不定式做形式主语，结合句意，故选B。 【点评】考查固定的句型it's+adj +for sb to do sth。 2．—I think the environment is terrible these years. —Yes, it will be even worse the government takes action it. A. until; protect B. unless; to protect C. if; protecting 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我认为这几年来环境太糟糕了。——是的，环境会变得更糟糕，除非政府采取措施保护环境。A. until; 直到…为止，B. unless除非，如果不，连词;C. if 如果，连词；until和if放在这里，句意不通顺，take action to do sth. 采取行动去做某事，动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 【点评】此题考查连词短语和固定搭配。 3．Would you mind ____________down the music? It's too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：你介意把音乐的音量调小一些吗？太吵了。A. to turn 不定式 B. turning 动名词（或现在分词） C. turn.动词原形。 mind.意为"介意；在乎"后面只能跟动名词作宾语，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握固定搭配。 4．—You can only keep the books for two weeks, Tom. Remember ____them on time. —I will. A. return B. returning C. to return 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—这些书你能借两周，汤姆，记住按时归还它们。—我会的。remember to do记住去做某事； remember doing记得做过某事。根据You can only keep the books for two weeks, 可知借了之后要记得去还，记得去做某事要用to do，故选C。 【点评】考查remember的用法。牢记remember to do和remember doing的不同。
非谓语动词使用精华讲义 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。 the violi n over there will go on the stage next week. 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语，宾语和表语的比较 1表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的 动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。 3、不定式及 动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it 作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving 分词作表语时，表示 令人……的； 女口： exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 ..... ”如：excited 等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain 等系动词后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态。 女0 remain seated 等。 【即境活用】 (1) __________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disaPPear) made them worried. (2) It 'm porta nt _______________ . (对于我们来说学英语很重要) ⑶It 'kind _____________________ .(帮助我你真是太好了) (4) ______ (ex po se)to sun light for too much time will do harm to one ’ s skin. (5) rve worked with childre n before, so I know what ____ (ex pect)i n my new job. (6) Travelli ng is ___________________ . (累但有趣) (7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ____ they will enjoy it. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 )作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 )介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如： admit, dislike, app reciate, avoid, enjoy )动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语，又跟 to do 作宾语。 )need, require, want, deserve + doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done )有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有： 【即境活用】The childre n (p lay) (see) whether
高考英语备考总动员易错点睛系列专题04 非谓语动词 （教师版） 考前必读 历年的高考都把非谓语动词作为重中之重或者说重头戏。且不说其它类型的题中对非谓语动词的考查，单说每年的高考英语的单选题(15个)中就有一、二个是对非谓语动词的测试。不定式和现在分词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富,功能较多, 最能体现英 易错点睛 易错点1 忽视with复合结构中宾语补足语的形式 【易错题】Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with th e decisions ? A. taking B. take C. taken D .to take 【答案】C 【错因透视】with的复合结构是指“with+宾语(名词或代词)+非谓语动词(分词、不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种独立结构。 该结构内部若有动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来(无论主动还是被动)，则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续的主动动作，则用现在分词。如：With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the test．(宾语补足语用现在分词表示主动)有这位好老师教我们英语，我们通过考试没有困难。With all the work done，we went to play basket ball．我们的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。(宾语补足语用过去分词表示被动)With a lot of
work to do，she doesn’t have time to go to thecinema．有那么多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。(宾语补足语用动词不定式表示将来的动作)She left the office with tears in her eyes．她眼含泪花离开了办公室。(介词短语作宾补) 【答案】B 【错因透视】过去分词短语作状语，与句子的主语是动宾关系，而且表示已经完成的动作。作状语的过去分词短语改写为状语从句的时候，往往是改为被动语态形式。如：Seen from the hill(=When it is seen from the hill)，the city looks magnificent．Depressed(=Since he was depressed)。he went to see hiselder sister。They came in，followed by some children．=They came in and were followed by some children． 【易错题2】___the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. to complete (2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。不定
第5 讲非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。 2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。 3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生 理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使 文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。
观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。 1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job. 2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy. 3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain. 4.The wind spread the moving story all over China. 5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.
非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词 形式主动被动 不定式 to do to be done to be doing - to have done to have been done 现在分词 doing being done having done having been done 过去分词- done 动名词形式同现在分词
非谓语动词 宏观概念： （1）to do :将要做、未做、待做 （2）doing:正在做、伴随状态,表示主动关系（3）Done:已经做完，表示被动关系 不定式的功能（除了谓语都能做）1.不定式做主语：
2.不定式做宾语： 3.不定式做表语：. 4.不定式做定语：. 5.不定式做状语： 6.不定式做宾语补足语： 7. 动名词的功能（因为名贵，所以干的都是主要功能）1.doing做主语：
2.doing做宾语： 3.doing做表语： 4.doing做定语： 5.doing做状语：（一个主语发出两个动作，主要动作用谓语，
次要动作用非谓语，主动用doing、被动用done） 6.doing做宾语补足语： 7.现在分词的否定： 8.现在分词的独立成分： 9.现在分词的独立主格结构：（两个主语发出两个动作，主要主语做的事情用谓语，次要主语做的事情用非谓语，把次要主要摆在前面，和后面的动词如果是主动关系用doing,被动关系用done） Xiao ming beaten ,I cried.(独立主格，被动) Xiao ming beating a girl , I cried.(独立主格，主动) Beaten,I cried.(不是独立主格。一个人做了两件事，次要动作用非谓语，被动) 10.现在分词的主动表被动：
过去分词的功能（因为是分身，所以干杂活） 1.过去分词做表语：（一种表示被动一种表示状态或者感受） Seat 及物动词，所以有被动sb be seated (可以说是被动，也可以说是一种状态) Sit 不及物动词，所以没有被动sb is sitting. Dress 是及物动词，dress sb =sb be dressed(可以表示被动，可以表示状态) He is dressing himself（及物动词，必须挂着一个宾语） He is dressed up （被动，be dressed ,up 是副词，表示起来；be dressed up 可以看做一个词组，表示状态，化妆） 2.过去分词做定语：（表示被动）