当前位置:文档之家› 翻译学名词解释

翻译学名词解释

翻译学名词解释
翻译学名词解释

翻译硕士 百科名词解释 整理

翻译硕士百科名词解释整理 来源:人人考研最后更新:2011-04-23 作者: 臧惜夕 1. 薄熙来男,汉族,1949年7月生,山西定襄人,1980年10月入党,1968年1月参加工作,中国社会科学院研究生院国际新闻专业毕业,研究生学历,文学硕士。现任中共中央政治局委员,中共重庆市委书记 2.马英九1950年7月13日出生于香港,原籍湖南省衡山县。台湾大学法律系毕业,美国纽约大学法学硕士、哈佛大学法学博士。1998年12月当选为台北市长。2005年7月16日当选国民党主席。同年8月19日正式就任。2007年2月辞去国民党主席职务。2007年6月24日,中国国民党第十七次全党代表大会第二次会议正式提名马英九参加2008年台湾地区领导人选 3.曾荫权香港特别行政区行政长官。1944年10月生于香港。1997年7月1日任香港特别行政区政府首位财政司司长。2001年5月任政务司司长。2005年3月12日,以政务司司长身份出任署理香港特区行政长官。2007年3月25日,国务院总理温家宝签署国务院第490号令,任命曾荫权为中华人民共和国香港特别行政区行政长官,任期自2007年7月1日至2012年6月30日。 4.成吉思汗成吉思汗(1162-1227) 。即元太祖。蒙古古代大汗,气颜孛儿只斤氏,名铁木真,又作帖木真。出身贵族。1189年被推为蒙古部汗。1206年,于斡难河(今鄂嫩河)畔建蒙古国,被推为大汗,称成吉思汗。1205-1209年,三次向西夏进军,迫其纳女请和。1211-1215年两次攻金,直至黄河北岸,占领中都(今北京)。1219年,率20万骑远征花剌子模,将版图扩展到中亚和南俄。1223年还师。1226年率兵南下,再攻西夏,次年在西夏投降前夕病死。1265年上庙号太祖。次年,追谥圣武皇帝。1309年加谥法天启运圣武皇帝。 5.博鳌论坛博鳌亚洲论坛是一个非政府、非营利的国际组织,目前已成为亚洲以及其他大洲有关国家政府、工商界和学术界领袖就亚洲以及全球重要事务进行对话的高层次平台。博鳌亚洲论坛致力于通过区域经济的进一步整合,推进亚洲国家实现发展目标。博鳌亚洲论坛由菲律宾前总统拉莫斯、澳大利亚前总理霍克及日本前首相细川护熙于1998年发起。2001年2月,博鳌亚洲论坛正式宣告成立。论坛的成立获得了亚洲各国的普遍支持,并赢得了全世界的广泛关注。从2002年开始,论坛每年定期在中国海南博鳌召开年会。 6.易经The Book of Changes易是变化,经为方法,或说经典。即阐述变化的经书。易经是一部严谨的哲学著作,并能在科学的范围内用作术数占卜。又称《周易》,相传为周文王所著,成书于周代,故而称呼《周易》。实际《易经》是在中国历史中逐渐演化完成的一门学问。古代的象形字中,“易”字是由上边的“日”和下方的“月”共同组成的;用日月往复循环来形容“易”的循环、周流。就是周而复始。易代表简易、变动。研究、说明一种变动的规律和内涵。 7潘基文Ban Ki-Moon 1944年6月13日出生于韩国南部忠清北道忠州市的一个农民家庭。他从小就立志成为一名外交官,并为此刻苦学习英语。大学毕业后,潘基文又以优异成绩通过外交部高级公务员考试,开始走上长达36年的外交官生涯。2006年10月9日,联合国安理会15个成员国一致同意,向第61届联合国大会提名潘基文担任联合国秘书长。13日,第61届联大举行全体会议,与会的192个成员国代表以鼓掌的方式通过决议,正式任命韩国外交通商部长官潘基文为下一任联合国秘书长。12月14日,潘基文宣誓就职。潘基文是联合国第八任秘书长,也是继缅甸的吴丹之后第二位来自亚洲国家的联合国秘书长,任期自2007年1月1日至2011年12月31日。韩国前外相、政治家。2006年10月9日联合国安全理事会投票通过由潘基文接替安南。潘基文具有广泛的人际关系,同时还拥有出色的领导才能、专业外交技巧和流利的语言能力。他的工作经历大都与“和平与安全”、“发展与人权”和“民主”有关,而这正是联合国立足的三大支柱。 8. Robert Rubin

翻译硕士名词解释词条

绝对翻译a b s o l u t e t r a n s l a t i o n 摘要翻译abstract translation 滥译abusive translation 可接受性acceptibility 准确accuracy 译者行动translatorial action 充分性adequacy 改编adaptation 调整adjustment 美学诗体翻译aesthetic-poetic translation 经纪人agent 类同形式analogical form 分析analysis 感染型文本applied focused-texts 应用翻译研究applied translation studies 古词废词archaism 元译素architranseme

关于范围的翻译理论area-restricted theories of translation 听觉媒介型文本audio-medial texts 委托commission 自动翻译automatic translation 自立幅度autonomy spectrum 自译autotranslation 逆转换back-transformation 关于范围的翻译理论back-translation 双边传译bilateral interpreting 双语语料库bilingual corporal 双文本bi-text 空位blank spaces 无韵体翻译blank verse translation 借用borrowing 仿造calque 机助翻译MAT 范畴转换category shift

词汇学相关的一些名词解释 (1)

Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is called compound Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as lettersEEC: European Economic Community Acronyms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as words:OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Export Countries According to Leonard Bloomfield’s point of view, a word is a minimum free form, that is to say, the smallest form that may appear in isolation. There are two types of linguistic forms: one is the bound form, the other is the free form. A bound form is one which cannot occur on its own as a separate word, e.g. the various affixes: de-, -tion, -ize, etc. A free form is one which can occur as a separate word. For example, the word lovely contains the free form love and the suffix –ly. The suffix –ly in the word lovely, of course, i s not a free for m, because it cannot stand by itself. So we call it a bound form. A word is a minimum free form The morpheme can be considered as the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 1)Morphemes are commonly classified into two forms according to their character: one is free form, and the other is bound form. 2)Free morphemes自由词素are morphemes which can occur as separate words. That is to say, a free morpheme can stand alone as a word. 3)Bound morphemes粘着词素are morphemes which cannot stand alone as words. They are mainly affixes. That is to say, a bound morpheme is one that must appear with at least one other morpheme, bound or free in a word. 4)2) Morphemes may be classified into two categories according to their lexical and grammatical relationships: 5)lexical morphemes and grammatical morphemesLexical morphemes are morphemes used for the construction of new words as in compound words Grammatical morphemes are morphemes used to express grammatical relationships between a word and its context, such as plurality or past tense There are three types of words according to morphology:Simple words,Compound words,Complex words Conversion Conversion is a main type of word-formation assigning the base to a different word

词汇的形象色彩

词汇的形象色彩与对外汉语教学 词语的形象色彩是指很多词语用于解释普遍存在的概念意义外,还同时具有形象感,它们通过人们的感官如视觉、听觉、味觉等诱发人们的联想,给人以生动可感的形象感。例如:猫头鹰这个词就比较形象地反映出这种鸟头部像猫的特点;哗啦啦,是人耳边回现出流水的声音;而甜丝丝会让我们如同品尝到了甜味的食物。这些都是日常生活中非常常见的例子,可见词汇的形象色彩在生活中的应用是很广的。 正由于应用广泛,有形象色彩的词很丰富,所以对这些词的分类显得有点困难。本文将采取兰宾汉先生对具有形象色彩的词的分类,即将它们分成形感、动感、色感、声感这样四类。下面分别加以阐释: 形感:有些词的意义能给人十分具体的形象。如佛手、木耳、浪潮,大家眼前会浮现出这种事物的整体的形状。木耳是一种长在腐朽的木头上的一种可供食用菌类,形状像人的耳朵;浪潮顾名思义,想浪花一样的潮流;这是对事物整体情状的比喻。又如喇叭花、鹅卵石,灯笼裤、斑马线则是在对事物的性状的比喻之后加上了一个类名。斑马、驼背、白头翁是对描摹事物的突出的特征等等。它们的突出的特点即是让人们很容易地联想到所指事物的外在形状,我们称之形感。 色感:有些词的意义给人以鲜明的色彩感。如血红让人联想到血的颜色;草绿则浮现出一片青草的的画面,联想到充满生机的绿,还有鹅黄、橘红等。具有色感的词多为形容词,比如ABB式的白茫茫,红彤彤,绿油油,金灿灿等;又如ABC式的白呲咧、血呼啦;还有A 里BC、A不BC式的,如血里呼啦,白不呲咧;还有ABCD式的如黑咕隆咚。这些词当中的词缀部分意义很虚,但它们结合在一起具有描摹性,给人们造成一种很模糊的印象,从而给人一种形象感。 动感:有些词的意义能让人产生特殊的动感。如席卷,会让人联想到用席子卷的这样一系列的动作,从而给人一动作快,范围大的感觉。而蚕食则让人们想到蚕不分昼夜沙沙吃蚕叶这样的动作行为,从而给人一种连续不断地侵食这样一种动感。这样的词还有摇曳、撞车、碰钉子、炒鱿鱼等。一些带如字的词常带有动作感:暴跳如雷、血流如注、泪如雨下、不绝如缕等。象点头哈腰、东倒西歪、俯首帖耳等次也是对存在事物的动作状态的直接的描写。声感:有些词能给人以如闻其声的感觉。这些词多为拟声词如呵呵,哈哈,嘻嘻,啧啧,喔喔,咩咩等。还有ABB式的如笑哈哈,笑嘻嘻,轰隆隆,哗啦啦;A里BC式的如稀里哗啦等,看到这些词自然会联想到自然界的一些声音,这也是其形象色彩的特点之所在。 当然,这只是众多对具有形象色彩意义的词的分类中的一种,而且也只是一种大至的分类,比如有的词就不只属于其中的一种,而是兼具两种甚至是多种形象色彩。如银河是因为看起来像一条白色的河而得名,它的意义中就包含了形感和色感两种形象色彩。有如扑啦啦,既有拍翅膀的动感又有拍翅时的声音的形容,也兼具两种形象色彩。 不仅仅是词,在词汇系统中的固定语中的一些成语同样具有形象色彩。例如狼吞虎咽明显是对动作的描摹,具有很强烈的动感;又如羊肠小道则是很典型的对于事物形状的描绘,具有形感。其它的成语如坐如针毡、骨瘦如柴、口若悬河等。还有一些成语以其呈现的整体的画面共同显示它的形象色彩。如隔岸观火,会使人的头脑中浮现一幅画面,隔岸是空间位置,观火是动作行为,如果接受者再补充一个动作行为的主体,就形成了这幅整体的画面。这是由于固定语的内部结构相对来首比较复杂,所呈现的信息量较大,因而信息的叠加呈现出了整体的画面,这个画面对整个成语的理解起着烘托得作用。如按下葫芦浮起瓢、拨云见日、兵临城下等。还有一些词语,其表层的给接受者提供两个形象单位二者结合在一块儿很容易使人想起它的深层的涵义,这一类成语形象感的形成和我国古典诗歌中意境的形成非常相似,既由表层的关系使人联想到深层的意蕴。如南辕北辙,辕向着南边而辄却朝着北,想去南边而却走向了北边,比喻行动和初衷是相违背的。如果对这个成语稍加体会其深沉含义是

翻译术语

Lecture 2 Basic Concepts in Translatology 翻译学基本用语: 源语/译出语source language(SL), original language 译语/译入语target language(TL), receptor language, receiving language 原作者SL author, original author 译者(笔译者)translator 译者(口译者)interpreter 读者/接受者reader, receptor, audience 文本text 原文/原著source text (ST), SL text, original text, original version/original work 译文target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition 译本/译著translated text/translational work 源语读者source-language reader/SL reader 源语文化source-language culture/source culture 译语读者target-language reader/TL reader/receiving audience 译语文化target-language culture/target culture/receiving

culture 语境context 笔译written translation 口译oral interpretation/oral translation/interpreting 同声传译simultaneous interpreting 交替口译consecutive interpreting 翻译原则translation principle 标准translation criterion (复数形式为criteria) 翻译过程translation process 翻译程序/步骤translation procedures 反应/读者反应response/reader’s response 对应(部分对应/完全对应)(partial /full )correspondence 等值/对等equivalence 对等物(词语)equivalent 形式对等formal equivalence 功能对等functional equivalence 动态对等dynamic equivalence 等效equivalent effect 充分性adequacy 可接受性acceptability(acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptability) 可读性readability(readable)

完全版英语词汇学名词解释_共6页

第一章word 1.Word --- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 第三章formation 1 1. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 2. Allomorph --- Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are know as allomorphs. 3. Free morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes which are independent of other morphemes. 4. Bound Morphemes --- They are morphemes which cannot occur as separate words. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 7. Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as inflectional morphemes. 8. Derivational affixes --- Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. 9. Prefixes --- Prefixes are affixes that come before the word. 10. Suffixes --- suffixes are affixes that come after the word. 11. Roo t --- A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed without total loss of identity. 12. Stem --- a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. 第四章formation 2 1. Affixation --- affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. 2. Prefixation --- is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Suffixation--- is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. 3. Compounding(Compositon)-- is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. 4. Conversion-- is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. 5. Blending-- is the formation of new words by combined by parts of two words or a word plus a plus a part of another word. 6. Clipping- is the formation of new words by shortening a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remain instead.

汉语言文字学书目

汉语言文字学必读书目30种2009年10月修订 1、《中国语言学史》王力 2、《语文常谈》吕叔湘 3、《基础语言学教程》徐通锵 4、《普通语言学教程》 [瑞士]索绪尔 5、《现代语言学流派》冯志伟 6、《应用语言学概论》于根元 7、《对外汉语教学概论》赵金铭 8、《现代汉语八百词》吕叔湘 9、《汉语和汉语研究十五讲》陆俭明、沈阳 10、《现代汉语》黄伯荣廖序东 11、《汉语语法学》张斌 12、《汉语语法入门》马庆株 13、《汉语描写词汇学》刘叔新 14、《现代汉字学纲要》苏培成 15、《语义论》石安石 16、《词汇语义学》张志毅张庆之 17、《修辞学发凡》陈望道 18、《古汉语通论》(《蒋礼鸿文集》)蒋礼鸿 19、《训诂学原理》王宁 20、《训诂学概论》方一新 21、《古汉语词汇纲要》蒋绍愚

22、《文字学概要》裘锡圭 23、《音韵学教程》唐作藩 24、《中国修辞学》杨树达 25、《〈说文解字〉注》 [清]段玉裁 26、《说文释例》 [清]王筠 27、《经传释词》 [清]王引之 28、《四书章句集注》 [宋]朱熹 29、《训诂丛稿》(《郭在贻文集》)郭在贻 30、《同源字论》(《同源字典》)王力 研究生阅读、写作初步建议(09) 壹、阅读 一、文献文本:文献阅读的目的是增强语感,储存语料,了解语言面貌;精读(即参考注释,字句无窒碍)阅读量10-15万字(不包括注释),泛读(即不一定参考注释,基本理解)阅读量20-30万字;下列书目大致按难易排序,可以二选一(史书部头大,可以选读)。 1、《世说新语》/《坛经》 2、《中古汉语读本》(方一新、王云路编著) 3、《近代汉语读本》(刘坚编著) 4、《论语》/《孟子》(杨伯峻译注) 5、《史记》/《汉书》(传记部分) 6、《庄子》(陈鼓应今注今译)/《荀子》(王先谦集解) 7、《诗经》选读(100篇以上)/《左传》选读

MTI真题

南开大学 2010年南开大学MTI英语翻译基础(回忆版) 一词语翻译(每题1分,共30题)installment plan chenck and balance booned good commuter EU WTO USNE L/C TAO NASA CDED POD 外向型经济 政企分开 载人航天计划 优惠合同 关税总协定 占略伙伴关系 购货合同 报关 恶性循环 贸易顺差节能 安检 显示器 安理会常任理事国 自负盈亏 二英译汉(60分) 忘了 三汉译英(60分) 中国是一个人口众多的国家,历史悠久。是人类优秀文明的发源地,为人类发展做出了贡献。从19世纪中期开始逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建国家。中国人民为了维护国家独立,主权和团结,振兴中华,进行了英勇搏斗。于1949年获得胜利,建立了新中国。现在中国人民在建设中国特色社会主义道路上奋勇直前,集中精力发展经济,提高人民生活水平。中国人民是爱好和平的,渴望发展,乐于同世界各国建立发展友好合作关系,坚定不移地执行独立自主的和平外交政策 2010年南开大学MTI百科知识与汉语写作(雪人不哭回忆) 名词解释50分应用文40 作文60 详见https://www.doczj.com/doc/0818687594.html,/t3083209p1 趁我今天还记得,补充一点吧。 百科的名词解释是5个句子,每句5个词。考到了气候变化,碳关税,节能减排,艾默生,孔子,希拉里. 克林顿,民主党,伊拉克战场,阿富汗战场,伊朗核计划,中东地区冲突,中国内战,台独,反分裂国家法等内容。 应用文:假设你叫张华,是南开大学外国语学院翻译专业硕士2010届毕业生,已经获得了人事部二级翻译证书,有贸易专业知识,知识面广,兴趣广泛,有秘书写作和计算机操作技能,申请某贸易公司的翻译一职,写一篇求职信,450字。 现代文: 吴冠中说了句什么不能重复,某人说要重复,用的是达芬奇画鸡蛋的例子。综合上述两句,写一篇关于学习和创新的议论文,800字。 我想到的就这些,有些不足的还望其他战友予以补充~ 华中师大

词汇学 名词解释(部分)

Types of meaning Types of lexical changes 1.Elevation:词义升格 Definition: words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance Some words early in their history signify something quite low or humble, but change as time goes by to designate something agreeable or pleasant. For example: nice: ignorant---foolish---delightful, pleasant Marshal: a keeper of horses---a high ranking army officer So elevation refers that the meaning of word changes from the neutral/negative to positive. 2.Old English:It refers to the English starting from 450 to 1100 AD. The old English is made up of different sources of languages spoken then –that of Anglo-Saxons, that of Celts, and that of Jutes, with a lot of Latin elements used for common peopl e’s life. 3.Bound morpheme: It is the smallest unit of grammar, a unit which cannot occur as separate words. They have no independent semantic meaning; instead, they have: Attached meaning E.g. un-kind, hope-ful Grammatical meaning E.g. cat-s, slow-ly, walk-ing, call-ed For an exact example, in the word “careful”, care is free morpheme, “-ful” is a bound morpheme. 4.Hyponymy: Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion, or to say, the relationship between general lexical items and specific lexical items. That is to say, when X is a kind of Y, the lower term X is the“hyponym”, and the upper term Y is the “superordinate”. For example, “fiction”is the superordinate of “novel”, “novelette”and “short story”, which are the hyponyms of “fiction”. Knowing the semantic features of the hyponyms and their superordinates can help us achieve vividness, exactness, and concreteness in expression.

2017翻译硕士专业名词解释答题技巧

凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017翻译硕士专业名词解释答题技巧 现在有的学生还在为不知道如何得高分,复习到位成绩总是不见长,那么我要说方法很重要,下面就让我们看一看2017年翻译硕士考研冲刺复习点拨为大家解答。 翻硕英语 复习重点:在广度和深度上提高英语词汇的学习;加大对文章主旨和背景知识的了解和文章写作意图的理解力上。加强对近义词和反义词的区分和学习。高级英语要十分重视写作能力和阅读理解能力的提高。 凯程考研建议同学们单词记忆用英语专业四级的真题或模拟题中的单词考核部分,在比较重记忆,对单词深化记忆。同时,阅读部分,通过大量的真题练习和模拟练习来发现问题,学习的落脚点落在答题拿分上。要研究真题和练习,确定出题者的意图,梳理出清晰的答题思路。这个阶段写作是重点,有输入才会有输出,背诵英文范文,并一定要写,直至写出自己的模板来。单选题目现在做不好的继续练习专四词汇与语法专项,改错差就选择攻克专八改错,阅读推荐每天四篇专八阅读,总之要哪里不行练哪里。此外,这个阶段还要拿出以前做过的真题,分析错误的原因,积累词汇。注意:阅读始终要每天都练的,时间实在不够就每天减为两篇,因为你要始终保持住这种做题的感觉。 英语翻译基础 复习重点:研究考研历年的翻译真题和前期整理的笔记。真题可以解决考研翻译中的单词问题、句子结构问题、翻译考点问题;笔记可以将参考书由厚变薄,加快复习进度。 在翻译中,同学们经常出现的问题,表现为三点,单词的意思没有掌握,英语原文的词组没有掌握;对原文的逻辑结构和语法结构把握错了,弄错了修饰关系;汉语意思表达的时候不太符合汉语语言习惯。所以建议同学们,复习到了最后阶段就要讲策略了,有针对性的结合自身弱点攻坚,词汇翻译还是要坚持背,段落翻译还是要坚持练,但是需要讲方法,讲质量。在时间紧张的前提下,模拟考试,写出译文,要做到"可意会,也可言传。"其次注意精雕细琢,对原文的句子的逻辑和语法结构,需要完全把握。要记住翻译的原则:让句子更通顺,切不要改变原文的意义。 汉语百科知识与写作 复习重点:百度知识重在结合真题巩固以前背过的,在争取尽量多背的前提下适当舍弃,如一些比较偏的题。应用文与大作文是重点,可以买一些高考素材方面的书籍。 名词解释部分建议广大考试在这阶段重点查看历年真题,梳理出考试的常考点,将知识点精简化、成串化,在理解的基础上,学习用较为准确的语言表达出来。对于应用文,在研究历年真题的基础上,大家要掌握几种主流的应用文写作思路,非主流的至少要知道格式和大概内容。大作文考查学生的汉语文学功底和写作能力,大家要理清各类话题的基本写作思路。 以上就是2017年翻译硕士考研冲刺复习点拨的所有内容,我想对大家说复习要有方法,读书更要有技巧,我们不能一味的读死书,更要在复习中总结出属于自己的学习方法。

翻译硕士名词解释词条

绝对翻译absolute translation 摘要翻译abstract translation 滥译abusive translation 可接受性acceptibility 准确accuracy 译者行动translatorial action 充分性adequacy 改编adaptation 调整adjustment 美学诗体翻译aesthetic-poetic translation 经纪人agent 类同形式analogical form 分析analysis 感染型文本applied focused-texts 应用翻译研究applied translation studies 古词废词archaism 元译素architranseme 关于范围的翻译理论area-restricted theories of translation 听觉媒介型文本audio-medial texts 委托commission 自动翻译automatic translation 自立幅度autonomy spectrum

自译autotranslation 逆转换back-transformation 关于范围的翻译理论back-translation 双边传译bilateral interpreting 双语语料库bilingual corporal 双文本bi-text 空位blank spaces 无韵体翻译blank verse translation 借用borrowing 仿造calque 机助翻译MAT 范畴转换category shift 词类转换class shift 贴近翻译close translation 连贯coherence 委托commission 传意负荷communication load 传意翻译communicative translation 社群传译community interpreting 对换commutation 可比语料库comparable corpora 补偿compensation

《词汇学》名词解释总汇

《词汇学》名词解释总汇 1.Conversion(转换)is a word-formation whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix. It is also called zero derivation. 2.Neologisms(新词用法)are newly coined words or words that are given new meaning to fit new situation because of social, economic, political, cultural, scientific and technological changes in human society. 3.Lexicology(词汇学)is a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, structure, formation, meaning and usage. 4.the elevation of meaning(词义的升格)refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 5.Acronyms(首字母拼音词)words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words. They differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 6.Hyponymy(上下义关系)deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. It refers to the relationship which obtains between the genus (general lexical item)and the species(specific lexical items). 7.Analogy(类比)is a process by which words or phrases are created or re-formed according to the existing patterns in the language. 8.Motivation(理据)deals with the connection between name (word-symbol) and its sense (meaning). It is the relationship between the word structure and its meaning. 9.Metaphor(隐喻)is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison. It is a simile without like or as. 10.Antonymy(反义关系)is concerned with semantic opposition. It can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning. 11.Suffix(后缀): an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) 12. synecdoche(提喻)means using a part for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing, or vice versa, the whole for a part. 13. prefix(前缀): an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem) 14. initialism(首字母连写词): a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; it is pronounced letter by letter. 15.morpheme(词素): the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not dividable or analyzable into smaller forms. 16.the degradation of meaning(词义的降格): is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense. 17.Derivational affixes (派生词缀)Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. They can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes。 18. back-formation(逆成法): is a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed suffix. It is also known as a reverse derivation. 19. derivation(派生): the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words. 20. compounding(复合): the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档