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2019中考英语知识点大全

2019中考英语知识点大全
2019中考英语知识点大全

2019中考英语知识点大全

英语的学习重在积累,你做到了吗?以下是我为你整理的中考英语知识点大全,希望对你有所帮助!

1、并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:

第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称

you -> he/she; it -> I

You, he and I should return on time。

2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:

第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称

we -> you -> They

注意:在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。

a。在承认错误,承担责任时,

It was I and John that made her angry。

是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b。在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it。

c。并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,

d。当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

2、物主代词 1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用

例如:

John had cut his finger; apparently there was

a broken glass on his desk。

约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine,yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--‘s属格结构,例如:

Jack‘s cap 意为The cap is Jack’s。

His cap 意为 The cap is his。

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a。作主语,例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better。

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。

b。作宾语,例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours。

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c。作介词宾语,例如:

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours。

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d。作主语补语,例如:

The life I have is yours。It‘s yours。It’s

yours。我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

3、双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these,those, some, any, several, no, each,

every, such, another, which等词一起前置,

修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。

公式为:

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:

a friend of mine。

each brother of his。

4、反身代词

1) 列表

I-myself

we-ourselves

you-yourself

you-yourselves

she-herself

he-himself

they-themselves

2)做宾语

a。有些动词需有反身代词

absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut,enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night。

我们昨晚玩得很开心

Please help yourself to some fish。

请你随便吃点鱼

b。用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth。

I could not dress (myself) up at that time。

那个时候我不能打扮我自己

注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down,stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down。

请坐

3) 作表语; 同位语

be oneself: I am not myself today。

我今天不舒服

The thing itself is not important。

事情本身并不重要

4) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可

如:

No one but myself (me) is hurt。

注意:

a。反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car。

(对) I myself drove the car。我自己开车。

b。但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it。

5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词

You should be proud of yourself。

你应为自己感到骄傲

5、相互代词

1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组

他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的

例如:

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other。

显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的

2) 相互代词的句法功能:

a。作动词宾语;

People should love one another。人们应当彼此

相爱。

b。可作介词宾语;

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other。吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other,存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:

He put all the books beside each other。

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another。

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other。

这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c。相互代词可加-‘s构成所有格,例如:

The students borrowed each other‘s notes。

学生们互借笔记。

6、指示代词

1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词

例如:

单数复数

限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers。

代词: This is Mary。 Those are my teachers。

2) 指示代词的句法功能

a。作主语

This is the way to do it。

这事儿就该这样做

b。作宾语

I like this better than that。

我喜欢这个甚至那个

c。作主语补语

My point is this。

我的观点就是如此

d。作介词宾语

I don‘t say no to that。

我并未拒绝那个

There is no fear of that。

那并不可怕

说明1:

指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:

(对)That is my teacher。那是我的老师。( that 作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl。他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this。 (this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I bought this。我买这个。(this指物,可作

说明2:

That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful。他赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful。他赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错) He admired that who danced well。 (that 作宾语时不能指人)

(对) He admired those who danced well。他赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful。他赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

7、关系代词

1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分

例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin。跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)

2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物

见表:

限定性非限定性限定性

指人指物指人或指物

主格 who which that

宾格 whomthat that

属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如:

This is the pencil whose point is broken。

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten。他回来取他丢下的书。

(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:

He said he saw me there, which was a lie。

他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:

I‘ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew。

我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。

He‘s changed。He’s not the man he was。

他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

8、every,no,both,all,neither,nor

1)不定代词有

all , both, every, each, either, neither,more, little, few, much, many, another, other,some, any , one, no 以及some, something,anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody,anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody,everyone。等。

2)不定代词的功能与用法

a。除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可

用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。

I have no idea about it。

b。 all 都,指三者以上。

all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的

名词的单复数决定。

All goes well。一切进展得很好。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。

但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way

3)both都,指两者

a。 both 与复数动词连用,但both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b。 both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

Who can speak Japanese?We both (all) can。

4)neither两者都不

a。 neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

b。作定语与单数名词连用,但neit her… nor 用

作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

c。可用于下列句型,避免重复。

She can‘t sing,neither (can) he。

neither 与nor

d。如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不

用 nor。

If you don‘t do it,neither should I。如果你不干,我也不干。

e。如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。

He can‘t sing,nor dance,nor skate。

9、none,few,some,any,one,ones

一、 none 无

1) none作主语,多与of 构成短语 none of。在答语中,none可单独使用。

Are there any pictures on the wall? None。

2) none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。

It is none of your business。

二、few 一些,少数

few 作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些

1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2) 当做“某一”解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)

You will be sorry for this some day。

总有一天,你会后悔这件事的。

A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule。

某些人不同意你的看法。

注意:

(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a。肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如:

Would you like some coffee?

b。在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如:

If you need some help,let me know。

c。 some位于主语部分,

Some students haven‘t been there before。

d。当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。如:

I haven‘t heard from some of my old friends these years。

这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、any 一些

any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels。 You may read any。

这有三本小说,你可任读一本

五、one, ones 为复数形式

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容

词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。

Have you bought any rulers?

Yes,I ‘ve bought some。

10、第一代词比较辨异one,that,it

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can‘t find my hat。 I think I must buy one。(不定)

我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I

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