(01) (10-R-1) We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
(49 words)
(02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applie d by writers who are not read to writers who are’.” (43 words)
(03) (10-R-3) For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. (48 words)
(04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
(46 words)
(05) (09-R-4) Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope —all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical
words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”(58 words)
(06) (0-TR) Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (45 words)
(07) (09-TR) Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. (41 words)
(08) (08-R-2) Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. (40 words)
(09) (07-R-1) If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. (47 words)
(10) (07-R-3) From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the
wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. (41 words)
(11) (07-R-4) Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them — especially in America —the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.
(12) (07-R-4) Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as
a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety. (41 words)
(13) (07-R-4) Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore— and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than
a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. (47 words)
(14) (07-R-4) Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.(49 words)
(15) (06-R-1) Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,
yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
(16) (05-R-2) Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? (53 words)
(17) (05-R-2) A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. (47 words)
(18) (03-R-2) Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only
well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. (42 words)
(19) (03-R-3) If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. (40 words)
(20) (03-TR) Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
(51 words)
(21) (02-R-2) But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. (42 words)
(22) (02-R-4) Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (57 words)
(23) (02-R-4) Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” (40 words)
(24) (02-R-4) The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for
hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. (45 words)
(25) (02-TR) As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. (40 words)
(26) (01-R-1) Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. (40 words)
(27) (01-R-4) I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M &
A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication cost, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. (44 words)
(28) (01-R-5) I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her
much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life” , and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (49 words)
(29) (01-R-5) While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redu ndancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s
— and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifts of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. (52 words)
(30) (01-R-5) For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.
(47words)
(31) (00-R-3) When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principle may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (46words)
(32) (00-R-3) But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff!
A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”(64 words)
(33) (99-R-4) Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold
Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. (67 words)
(34) (99-R-4) Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.” (50 words)
(35) (97-R-4) “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal co lumn, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. (46 words)
(36) (96-R-3) Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.(47 words)
(37) (96-R-3) Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management.(47 words)
(38) (95-R-3) As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
(39) (94-R-1) Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. (44 words)
(40) (93-R-2) The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. (48 words)
(41) (93-R-2) I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason — are the aims of all social arrangements. (47 words)
(42) (93-TR) There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or
of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (73 words)
(43) (92-TR) No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require ‘general intelligence’. (55 words)
(44) (92-TR) On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (56 words)
基础导学阶段长难句44（注释）
(01) (10-R-1)
【译文】我们甚至感到陌生的是：从20世纪初期到第二次世界大战之前，这一期间的英国报纸评论内容不拘一格。那时候报纸非常便宜，而且人们认为发表时尚的人文批评可以给刊登评论的出版物增加色彩。
分解】句子的主干为:“We are … removed from … reviews （句子主干部分）… at a time （时间状语）… ”。细化分析：“published”过去分词短语修饰“reviews”，其后紧接“in England”与“between …”地点和时间状语。之后，“at a time”与“between”之间相互解释，“time”之后的“when”引导修饰其的时间定语从句。
(02) (10-R-1)
【译文】纽曼说，“具有才智或文学天赋让自己在新闻从业中面对困难坚持不懈的作家如此之少，以至于我总想把新闻业定义成一个“受贬低的术语”，即“不受读者喜爱作家对受读者喜爱作者的称呼”。
【分解】句子的主干为:“So few … have … （主句主干部分）… that （引导结果状语从句）I am tempted to （从句部分的主谓）… ”。细化分析：整个句子只要理顺了“so … that”的倒装结构（前半部分是倒装的）就不难理解了。主句中，“to keep … journalism”不定式修饰“brains or gift”部分。从句中有“define …as”介词短语。最后，“of contempt”修饰“a term”，“applied …（to）…”也修饰“a term”。
(03) (10-R-3)
【译文】然而，如果要发生社会流行现象，每个人在受到影响之后定会去影响自己的熟人，熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环往复。有多少其他人关注这些处于传播网络的人群，与最初那个有影响力的源头关系不大
【分解】句子的主干为:“… each person … must … influence … acquaintances …（第1个分句的主干部分）；（分号引出另一个分句）how many others pay attention … has …”。细化分析：在第1个分句中，“For … to occur”作目的状语，“however”插入语表达作者评价，“so affected”修饰“each person”，“who”引导非限制性定语从句修饰“acquaintances”。在第2个分句中，主语是一个由“how”引导的主语从句。
(04) (09-R-3)
【译文】毫无疑问，对于这些国家和其他社会的社会、政治以及知识的发展，正规教育和经济发展的进步都非常必要。然而，传统的观点认为，为了促进贫困国家的经济迅猛发展，最优先考虑的应该是教育，这种观点是错误的。
【分解】句子的主干为:“Progress … is …（第1个分句）;（分号连接了前后两个分句）… view … is wrong…（第2个分句）”。细化分析：在第1个分句中，有“necessary for …”介词搭配结构。在第2个分句中，“view”之后有一个由“that”引导的同位语从句。
(05) (09-R-4)
【译文】他打开《圣经》，告诉父亲说，他读到的第一行可能决定命运，读出了神秘的字句：“从中走出，不碰不洁之物，我将成为你的上帝，你将成为我的子民。”就在这决定性的一刻，对性的困惑、经济窘迫和宗教希望——全都交融在一起了。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…, all came together （主干的主谓成分）….”。细化分析：在句首主干之前，破折号之前内容与“all”为同位语关系。从“when …”至“… my people”这一部分充当名词“moment”的定语从句。该定语从句的主语为“he”，三个谓语动词为“opened”和“told”和“read”（其中told之后有一个that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中he saw做定语从句修饰the first line）。冒号之后为“words”的具体内容。
(06) (09-TR)
【译文】例如，各种宗教交往的初衷是祈求神灵的庇护，抵御邪恶影响。家庭生活的初衷是满足欲望和传宗接代。最初开始有组织的劳动，重要的原因是受制于人。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…；…；….”。（有分号连接的三个分句）细化分析：在第1个分句中，主语为“associations”，谓语为“began”；之后“to secure … and to ward off”不定式充当定语。在第2个分句中，主语为“family life”，谓语为“began”（相同的省略）。在第3个分句中，主语为“labor”，谓语为“began”相同省略。
(07) (09-TR)
【译文】即使今日，在工业化生活中，与其他的物质产出相比，某些勤俭的价值观以及各种人们交往的知识和情感反应几乎没有受到关注，而在这些交往之中世人的活动才得以延续。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…，… reaction … receives little attention, …”。细化分析：句首有“apart from”引导的短语，与主语部分关联。在主语“reaction”后有“which”引导的定语从句。最后，有“as compared with”引出的状语。
(08) (08-R-2)
【译文】此外，存在由这三种模式结合的其它模式，例如延迟开放获取模式，即期刊仅允许订阅者阅读，期限六个月，然后就公之于众，所有人都可以免费使用。
【分解】句子的主干为:“Other models exist （主干的主语谓语部分）…”。细化分析：在谓语动词“exist”之后，有“that”引导定语从句修饰“models”。介词“s uch as”之后引出“models”的具体分析；之中，连词“where”引导“delayed open
access”。最后一个“before … it”中，“making it”中的“it”为形式宾语，而“to see it”中的“it”指代“a paper”。
(09) (07-R-1)
【译文】仔细探究2006年世界杯联赛每个足球运动员的出生证明，我们很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象：精英足球运动员大都出生在上半年，而不是在下半年。
【分解】句子的主干为:“If …, you would …: … players are …”。细化分析：冒号之后为上文含义的解释。“If …, would …”为一个虚拟语气句型结构。(10) (07-R-3)
【译文】从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，其中的重要意义看起来远远不像是一个行使更多经济职责的机会，而更像是在金融风险全盘转移时，以令人担心速度给已经负担过重的肩膀上再施加压力。这种看法是可以理解的。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…，much of this … looks （句子主干主谓部分）far less than …. and a good deal more like ….”。细化分析：在主句主谓之间的“understandably”为插入结构，表达作者的态度。在连词“and”之前的部分中不定式短语“to exercise …”从当定语修饰“opportunity”。在连词“and”之后的部分中，“shift of … onto …”。
(11) (07-R-4)
【译文】正当老板和董事们最终清理完毕最乱的帐目和规章问题并加强其薄弱的公司管理之后，一个新的麻烦又给他们带来威胁——尤其在美国；麻烦就是令人厌恶的大字标题不可避免地引起执行层中人头涌动的场面：数据危险。
【分解】句子的主干为:“Just as …（从句部分）, a … problem threatens … （主句部分）.…”。细化分析：在从句部分中，有两个由“and”连接的谓语动词“have sorted”和“improved”。在主句部分中，“to earn …. insecurity”的分析为：不定式短语“to earn …”带两个宾语成分，即“them”和“the sort of nasty headlines”。在“headlines”之后有由“that”引导的定语从句。
(12) (07-R-4)
【译文】在这之前，信息保护通常留给古怪而层次较低的信息技术人员处理，可现已经提到各个行业老板的议事日程的重要位置。人们普遍认为只有数据丰富的行业如银行、电信、航空旅游业等才关心信息保护问题。
【分解】句子的主干为:“Left … and seen … （两个过去分词作状语）, … protection （主语）is （谓语）….”。细化分析：第1个过去分词结构主干为“Left to staff to put …”；而第2个过去分词结构主干为“Seen as a concern of …”。谓语动词之后有“on”引导介词短语作状语。
(13) (07-R-4)
【译文】当然，信任作为经济资产中最有价值的部分是很容易被摧毁的，而且修复起来代价极大，而没有什么比一个公司让敏感的个人机密数据落入不道德人之手更容易摧毁信任，这对于最迟钝的管理者也应该是显而易见的。
【分解】句子的主干为:“… it should be obvious … to the executive that trust … —and that few … （由“and”连接的两个“that”引导的主语从句）….”。细化分析：在第1个主语从句中，主语为“trust”，谓语为“is …”，之间的“that most valuable …”
为“trust”的同位语。在破折号之后的第2个主语从句中，主谓成分为“… things are …”，其中有一个“more … than”的比较状语从句。
(14) (07-R-4)
【译文】同时，6月17日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账号信息被窃取的事件也给一天前美国联邦商业委员会做出的重要决定蒙上了阴影。该决定通告美国，如果企业无法提供适当的数据安全，执法者将采取行动。
【分解】句子的主干为:“… theft ….overshadowed … decision …（主句的主谓宾结构）”。细化分析：在主语部分中，有由“disclosed”的过去分词短语充当定语修饰“theft”。在宾语部分中，有由介词“by”引导的后置定语修饰“decision”，而且“that”引导的定语从句也修饰“decision”。
(15) (06-R-1)
【译文】Rodriguez指出，住在世界偏远村落的孩子们都是阿诺德·史瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯之类超级巨星的追星族，但是“有些美国人担心，美国的同化作用对住在美国的许多移民不知怎的一直都不起作用。”
【分解】句子的主干为:“Rodriguez notes that …, yet some Americans fear that …（‘yet’连接两个独立的分句结构）”。细化分析：“yet”之前分句中，“children … are …”为“notes”的宾语从句。“yet”之后分句中，“immigrants … remain …”为“fear”的宾语从句。
(16) (05-R-2)
【译文】你可否记得那些年月？当时科学家们提出吸烟会让我们丧命，可持怀疑态度者却坚持认为我们尚无定论。他们坚持认为证据不确定，科学就不确定。他们坚持认为对反对吸烟的劝导一心想毁掉我们自己的生活方式，且政府不应介
入此事。许多美国人相信了这些谬论；在30多年里，约一千万吸烟者早早地躺入了坟墓。
【分解】句子的主干为:“Do you remember all those years when （句子主干主语谓语宾语）….”。细化分析：整个句子的主干部分为“Do you remember all these years”，其后的“when”引导时间定语从句修饰“all those years”。在“when”之后主要有“but”引导的两个并列分句，分别是“scientists argued that”和“the doubters insisted that”。最大的难点在于“the doubters insisted that”之后，有3个以“that”引导的分开的宾语从句——其一、“we didn’t know for sure”；其二、“that the evidence was …？”；其三、“That the antismoking lobby was …”。将三个从句分开写目的是为了避免歧义。
(17) (05-R-3)
【译文】在一百年以前，弗洛伊德系统地阐述了他那突破性的理论，认为梦是掩盖的阴影，反映了潜意识中的渴望和恐惧。到二十世纪七十年代末，神经病学家却转而认为梦仅仅是“精神噪音” ——在睡眠期间神经进行的修复工作的随意附带产物。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…; （分号前后为两个独立分句）….”。细化分析：在分号之前，分句主干成分为“… Freud formulated … theory …”，其中有“that”引导同位语从句修饰“theory”。在分号之后，分句主干成分为“neurologists had switched to …”（其中有“thinking …. of as”短语）。之后的破折号为细节性的补充说明，解释上文的“mental noise”。
(18) (03-R-2)
【译文】具体的说，资金的最终管理者是病人，所以健康研究团体应积极扩大队伍、发展事业，不仅吸收像“Stephen Cooper”那样的知名人士（他本人已经发表了有关动物研究价值的大胆言论），而且招收接受医学治疗的人。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…, community （句子主干主语）… should … recruit （句子主干谓语）…. not only personalities （句子主干宾语1）…but all （句子主干宾语2）….”。细化分析：在句子开头有“because”引导的状语从句。在主语中，困难的部分在于“recruit to its cause”：“to its cause”（介词短语作状语）本来在正常情况下应该放在句子的末尾构成“recruit … not only … personalities but all … to its cause”。此外，在主干宾语1“personalities”后有“such as”作后置定语（其中有由“who”引导的定语从句）。在主干宾语2“all”后有“who”引导的定语从句。
(19) (03-R-3)
【译文】铁路公司提出，按同样的平均费率收取所有顾客的费用，托运人肯定会选择汽车运输或其他种类运输，而不会选择铁运，那么铁运业内成本就只能由其他的铁运托运人来承担。
【分解】句子的主干为:“If （引导状语从句）…, shippers … would do so （主句主谓部分）, …”。细化分析：在状语从句和主句之间有“they argue”为插入语。在主句的主语和谓语之间有一个由“who”引导的定语从句修饰“shippers”。在主语之后，有一个“leaving”现在分词短语作结果状语。
(20) (03-TR)
【译文】因此，运用冷静和系统的方法对人类的丰富财富与多样存在进行研究，是至关重要的。人们希望通过这些研究获得的知识可以促进人与人之间、以及人类与地球上的所有其他物种更加和谐地共生。
【分解】句子的主干为:“…, it is important to study （句子主干）…, with the hope that …”。细化分析：在状语部分“with the hope that”之后的从句中，“knowledge”为主语，“can lead”为谓语。
(21) (02-R-2)
【译文】但人脑却具有某种能力：扫视一个急剧变化的场面、马上忽略98%的无关信息，同时把精力投到某只呆在一条蜿蜒森林小路的猴子身上，或者投到茫茫人海中的某一张可疑的脸上。
【分解】句子的主干为:“… human mind can glimpse （分句1主干主语谓语）and … disregard （分句2主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：在分句2中，有由“that”引导的定语从句修饰“98 percent”。应该注意的是在句末有一个由“focusing”引导的分词短语作为伴随状语。
(22) (02-R-4)
【译文】最高法院曾经规定，根据宪法医生没有帮助病人自杀的权利。尽管如此，最高法院实际上曾支持“双重效应”的医学原则——一个存在了几百年的道德原则。根据这个原则，对于一个具有双重效应的行为（有利的一面是有目的的，而不利的一面是可以预见的），如果实施者只着眼有益的一面，是可以允许的。【分解】句子的主干为:“Althoug h （引导让步状语从句）…, the Court … supported … principle （主句的主语谓语宾语部分）….”。细化分析：在“although”引导的让步状语从句中，有由“that”引导的动词“ruled”的宾语从句。在主句中，“the
medical principle”与“a centuries-old principle”为同位语关系，相互解释。在“a centuries-old moral principle”之后有“holding”分词结构作后置定语；在“holding”之后有由“that”引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中，主语是“an action”和谓语为“is permissible” ——在主谓之间有破折号解释“two effects”的内容。最后“if”引导的从句作宾语从句的条件状语。主要的难点在以“with”引导的伴随状语；其中“that”引导同位语从句修饰“assumption”一词。
(23) (02-R-4)
【译文】Montefiore医学中心的主任Nancy Dubler争辩说，这一原则肯定会庇护某些医生。这些医生“直到最近都相当强烈的坚持认为，如果哪怕有一点加速病人死亡的可能性，医生根本没有可能给病人足够的药剂量以控制病人的痛苦。”【分解】句子的主干为:“Nancy … contends （句子主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：在句子主干后有由“that”引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主语谓语为“… principle”和“will shield”。之后，有由“that”引导修饰“doctors”定语从句。在定语从句中，谓语“insisted”之后有“that”引导的宾语从句。
(24) (02-R-4)
【译文】医疗界正在采取措施，要求医生在晚期病人的收容机构受训、测试有关病痛激进治疗方案的知识、制定有关医院保健的相关规定，以及制订与估评与治疗垂危病人相关的各种新标准。
【分解】句子的主干为:“… profession is taking steps （句子主干主语谓语）….”。细化分析：主要的难点在四个“to require …”、“to test …”、“to develop ….”、“to develop …”不定式短语作状语。
(25) (02-TR)
英语长难句翻译技巧及方法 英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。 英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。 顺序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：如： 本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。 （1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。 逆序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……” 分译法 由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如： （1）A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to pro duce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature. 【分析】原文是一个典型的英语复杂长句，由42个单词组成，全靠一个逗号和几个连词结合成一个多层次的、内容丰富的句子。主句的主干是：Plastics is made from water, coal and lime; water, coal和lime之后各有一个定语从句，其中的后两个定语从句还是被动语态。所以，按照汉语的表达习惯，翻译时要化整为零，可以把主句和各个定语从句分开译成短句，其中的一些状语比如at less cost也可以单独处理成短句。 【译文】塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是到处可以获得的、取之不尽的一种自然资源;煤可以通过自动化和机械化来开采，成本较低;石灰可由煅烧自然界广泛存在的石灰石而得到。 Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 【要点】此句为一个多层次的并列结构，”by” 以前的部分为句子的主体部分，由“and”连接的两个并列的分句组成。第二个分句的主语和一部分谓语省略了以避免重复。In doing so可以理解为in the process of distinguished themselves from other animals。第二个分局的完整句子应为and in doing so (they have) ensured their survival。By 所引导的短语里ability带了多个动词不定式做修饰，这些不定式又存在着一个并列的结构，to observe and (to) understand与either……or引导的to adapt to……，to control and (to) adapt it……得并列，and连接。 【译文】人类已把自己和其他动物区别开了。人类具有观察和了解周围环境的能力，能适应环境，控制环境和根据自己的需要改造环境。人类就是这样生存了下来。 The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region at the peak of the summer season has taken its toll on business all along the shore, driving vacationers away both from beaches that have been closed and from those that have remained open. 【要点】本句主要结构是the medical waste...has taken its toll...。that...season引导定语从句，修饰medical waste。at the peak of the summer season作状语，表时间。driving...是现在分词作状语，表结果。that have been closed和that have remained open是定语从句，分别修饰beaches和those。those代替beaches。
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同） 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型：倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; 这是一种照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 A、句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B，则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire, what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to record the structure and texture of a flower
【精心整理】从句长难句翻译【例句&讲解】 英语从句的翻译定语从句状语从句 名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） >>定语从句的翻译 无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，翻译成汉语时是处理为前置定语还是后置定语，要视具体情况而定；有些定语从句和主句存在着状语关系，翻译时更要灵活对待。 It was what sentimentalists,who deal in very big words,call a yearning after the ideal,and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections,which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes. It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal,and means that women they are not satisfied until they have
husbands and children. 【大意】这就是情感主义者称之为对于理想爱情的渴望，简单说来，就是女人必须在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到满足。 who引导的定语从句who deal in very big words用来修饰sentimentalists(情感主义者)whom引导的定语从句on whom they may center affections用来修饰husbands and children which引导的定语从句which are spent elsewhere,as it were,in small changes用来修饰affections 一般情感主义者喜欢用大字眼,称之为对于理想爱情的渴望。换言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，必须有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。 >>前置法： 如果定语从句较短，限制能力较强，一般我们将此类定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰的先行词的前面。 Those who sacrifice themselves for the people's cause are the real heroes of history. We found a restaurant where the food was excellent.
1.And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. [语法难点]：句子的主语是separation，谓语是is deepened。the detective feels是修饰separation的定语从句，介词短语between himself and…也是修饰separation的定语，这两个定语造成了主谓分隔。as引导的句子是方式状语从句;介词短语 of citizens, social workers…是mindedness的定语;who引导的定语从句修饰前面的五个名词;that引导的定语从句修饰hope。 [句子翻译]：警察认为由于人们(市民、社会工作者、医生、立法人员以及法官)头脑简单——比如，法官不是重罚以消除犯罪而是量刑从轻以期促使罪犯改过自新——使得他们(警察)与社会之间的隔阂更深一层。 2. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 3. There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end. 4.Captured document which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner--of—war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 5.A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research。
考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结 词类转译： 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译） As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。（动词转译） The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换） 3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译） The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译） 4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译） 词义选择和引申： 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）
高考英语-经典长难句解析及翻译 7. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 The team' s data only went up to2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 生词： function n. 功能 tablet n. 平板电脑 第一步：有并列结构（but） 第二部：分析主干和定状 The team' s data（主语）only（小状）went（谓语）up to 2007（小状）， the researchers（主语）also explored（谓语）what would happen（宾语）if consumers replaced old products with new electronics（状语，从句）that serve more than one function （定语）, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing（同位语）. 第三步： 根据状语倒序前置，定语倒序前置的翻译方法，我们可也把这句话翻译为： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年”
“如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” 第四步：合并并列结构并翻译： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年。但是，如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” Get busy living or get busy dying 6. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 生词： analysis n. 分析 cathode ray tubes 阴极射线管 consumption n. 消耗 第一步：没有并列结构 第二部：分析主干和定状 According to the analysis（状1，分词短语）of Babbitt's team（状2，介词短语）, old desktop monitors and box TVs（主语）with cathode ray tubes（定语）are（系）the worst devices
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。
阅读长难句语法难点与翻译技巧剖析 对于考生来说，GRE阅读最困难的就是长难句的翻译，下面列举了一些长难句的语法难点和应该注意的翻译技巧。考生可以作为参考来复习。 1.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindus trygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareho ldersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingir responsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesoft helandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtherespons iblemanagementofbusiness. Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustr ygreatlyincreasedshareholdersasaclass,anelement 本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句anelementlandowners又带有两个定语从句，一个是representing，另一个是detached。 可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略引导词+be的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。 对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了
股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的'分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。 实际上定语从句并不符合汉语的使用习惯。所以翻译时遇上定语从句，一定不要机械地按照原来的顺序生搬硬套。像这样分句较长的情况，把主句和分句拆为两句是比较好的方法。所以这里从这个阶层开始另起一句。
2020考研英语:长难句翻译题型解析 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:长难句翻译题型解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2020考研英语:长难句翻译题型解析 【2003年翻译63题】The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 【例句解析】本句主干为The emphasis makes this study a science。On data gathered first-hand 为后置定语，修饰the emphasis。combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present做后置定语，也修饰the emphasis。在第二个后置定语中，brought to the analysis与perspective构成被动关系，因此修饰perspective，of cultural做定语修饰the analysis，past and present做定语修饰cultures。Makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science中 a unique and distinctly important social science做this study的补语，而unique and distinctly important social则为前置定语修饰science。 【难点点拨】： cross-cultural ：跨文化的;distinctly：确实地
英语长难句翻译技巧 总汇
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同） 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型：倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; 这是一种照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 A、句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light 的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，
解析2015考翻译硕士中的长难句 翻译硕士考试中的长句一般存在于阅读理解和相关阅读题当中，长难句一般是考翻译硕士的拦路虎，下面就结合考试真题解析考翻译硕士中的长难句该怎样应对。 从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列、平行。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态(过去分词除外)，也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长。 英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。 1)划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句; 2)划出所有介词短语(位于be动词后的除外); 3)名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词; 4)非谓语动词结构看作一个整体; 5)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干; 6)分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。 长难句分析的步骤举例 经典例题(2001年考研完型填空第二段) In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins. 分析: 第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will
英语经典长难句翻译 2006-6-14 16:28周固【大中小】 这些句子摘自大学英语课本，都是很好的写作操练材料，对考生的作文词句规范化很有帮助。反复分析句子结构和词汇词语，然后通过汉译英的反复的回译操练，直至以后英语写作中想到相关汉语就能出现对应英语表达的程度。 1.Do you often go online chatting with strangers?Everyday,millions of people,especially the young,are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你经常上网闲聊吗？每天有数百万人，尤其年轻人，在网上与网友或陌生人聊天。 2.The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology,which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。 3.We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries.Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities. 我们都知道，中国还是一个发展中的国家，其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。不少中国年青人由于教育设施的匮乏而得不到接受高等教育的机会。 4.They say that pride comes before a fall.In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler,they won many victories,which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way.But Russia's icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。 5.Well begun is half done,as the saying goes.It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment.From my standpoint,whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in （affects）his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company.He told me that,from his own experience,those who can decide whether an applicant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。我有一个朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些对未来雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。 6.I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First,extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process,because it is
英句翻技巧及方法 英两种言句子的不同特点是：英面句多；一般短句多。英句子构，多用主人构，英可有各种 后置修（介短、不定式短、名短、分 短以及从句），些成分都是造成英句的原因；句子构松，多用并列构。 有翻的人些特点作形象的比，把英句子构比作“葡萄”，把句子构比作“竹”。翻句，可将 英的葡萄构拆成的竹构，即把成串的拆成成 条的。 英两种言的序差异是：英序灵活（表示的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；一般是从先到 后。英序也比灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句 之前或之后）；一般是前因后果，先条年，后果。英中的句性从句（主从句、表从句、从句、 同位从句）与句子主的序基本一致，因此，一般都可按的表达方式理。 序法 如果英句的序、序以及名性从句与句子的序基本相似，一般可按原文序：如： 本句状从句在前，用序法。 （1） As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当又无急 事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有干脆停下脚步，四望。 逆序法 如果英句的序、序与句子的序相反，一般可逆原文序。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,”he wrote to his nephew,“because any other person has rejected or believed it ??”他在侄子的信中写道： “不要因的人相信或拒了什么 西，你也就去相信它或拒它。??” 分法 由于的英可有各种后置修，所以有些英句子很。了符合表达，我常可将句中的一患后置 修与其修成分分开来，即把短或从句拆短句，有需将后置修另作适当安排并适当增加。如： （1） A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’ s needs butdcealsomilktoforproher fawns.一只 成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，，他必找食物以得必要的能量， 不是了足自身的需要，而且也是了幼鹿生乳汁。