4 The virtual World
New Words and Expressions
virtual（only before noun）a. 1）made to appear to exist by the use of computer software（通过计算机软件）模拟的，虚拟的virtual address 虚拟地址virtual memory虚拟内存 virtual life虚拟生活 virtual reality 虚拟现实virtual world虚拟世界2）almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any slight difference is not important 实质上的 actual ,practical 3）有效的virtual value 有效值virtual height有效高度
e.g. I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in my basket at the click of a mouse button.
virtually adv. 几乎，差不多
virtue n.善，德 vertical adj.垂直的
virus n. 病毒
accent n. a way of pronouncing the words of language that shows up which country and area a person comes from口音
e.g. He speaks with a German accent.
without an accent 不带任何特殊的口音
with a strong/marked Shanghai accent 带有很重的上海口音
accent vt.重读
accentual adj.
accentuate vt.重读
accent=ac+cent(=to sing唱歌)
interpret v. explain sth which is not easily understandable理解；解释；explain（作）口译
e.g. I would interpret his silence as a refusal.
interpreter n.译员
interpretation n.解释，阐明
interpret=inter+-prêt(=-prec=price) （在两者间确定价值）
clipped a. with a short clear pronunciation 发音快而清脆的
e.g. The chief executive officer's clipped tones cracked over the telephone line.
tone n. the quality of sb’s voice, especially expressing a particular emotion语气，口气，腔调
e.g. From he tone of her voice I could tell she was very angry.
set the tone for 为……奠定基调
say sth in a ……tone 以……口气说
ton=tone 音调
intonation n.语调
monotone n.单调
fluid a. not stable, likely to change 不稳定的，可变的 n. 液体
e.g. The situation is still fluid.
fluid capital 流动资本
fluidity n.流动
fluidize v.使流动
flu=to flow
fluent adj.（流动的样子）流畅的
fluency n.流畅
flush v. n.（脸）发红
influence v. n.（流入其中）影响
influent adj. 流入的n.支流
stretch v. (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. without breaking 拉长，伸展
e.g. My working day stretches from seven in the morning to eight at night.
at full stretch 倾注全力
stretch oneself 伸懒腰
stretch the law 曲解法律
telecommuter n. one who works from home, communicating with the workplace using a computer terminal 远程工作者
telecommunication n.电信
submit (to) vt. give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered 提交，呈递
e.g. I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft.
submit oneself to 使屈服，使服从
submission n.
miss,mit=to send,送to throw投；掷
admit v.（送入，移近）承认，允许 admission n.
commit v.（传送～→委托）委托，犯（
罪）commitment n. committee n.
emit v.（送出）放出；吐楼 emission n. emissary （偷偷地送出者）n.密使；间谍
intermit v.（进入期间）间歇；中断 intermittence n.
omit v.（送走）遗漏，省略 omission n.
permit v.（通过每一关）许可 permission n.
submit v.（在下面传递）使服从 submission n.
transmit v.（送到对面）传送，传达transmission n.
edit vt. revise or correct 编辑
e.g. Jack is busy editing Shakespeare's plays for use in schools.
edition n. a pocket edition 袖珍版the first edition 初版a revised edition 修订版an edition de lure 精装版
editor n.
edit=e+dit(to give)
email n. a way of sending messages and data to other people by means of computers connected together in a network电子邮件 vt. 给…发电子邮件；用电子邮件发
e.g. Young people like to keep in touch with their friends via email.
communicate vi.to exchange information, news, ideas, etc. with sb通信，交往，vt.传达，传播 respond, convey，传染 spread e.g. Some young people depend heavily on email to communicate with each other.
communicate with 和……交流 communicate certain disease传播某种疾病
communication n.通信 (pl) 交通
communicate=com+muni(service)+cate （一起共享）
Internet n. an international computer network connecting other networks and computers from companies, universities, etc.互联网，因特网
e.g. Whether we like it or not, the Internet is an ever-growing part of our lives.
relationship n. state of being connected关系
e.g. What is the relationship between language and thought?
relation n. 关系，联系，亲属
relations n. 关系，交往，事务
related adj. 有关的
relate v. 有关联
late =to bring带来, to bear搬运
relate v.（还原）叙述，（使）有关联
translate v.（移向别处）翻译，解释，说明
at times :sometimes 有时
e.g. She has been away form her home for about a year. At times she wishes she had never left.
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。
Time is money.一寸光阴一寸金。
at one time 曾经，一度
at a time 一次，每次
at all times 总是，随时
at no time 从不，决不
endless a. having or seeming to have no end 无休止的
e.g. The journey seemed endless.
take in :1)to absorb sth into the body, for example by breathing or swallowing收进，吸收 2) (often passive) to make sb believe sth that is not true欺骗，蒙骗
e.g. The earth takes in heat and light from the sun.
She took me in completely with her story.
data n.（datum 的复数形式）数据，资料
e.g. This data is stored on the network and can be accessed by anybody.
data processing 数据处理 database 数据库
spit vt. To force liquid, food, etc. out of your mouth吐出
e.g. The baby spat its food out on the table.
spit at向吐……吐沫 spit out吐出 spit on
吐在……上 spit up 咯出
No spitting.不准随地吐痰。
spite n.恶意，怨恨in spite of不管，不顾
split v.劈开
on line :connected to or controlled by a computer (network) 联机地，在线
e.g. Our system is on line to the main computer.
symptom n. 征兆 omen；症状 sign
e.g. High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy.
clinical symptom 临床症状
symptom=sym+-ptom (to fall) （和病一起降临身体的东西→有病才出现的东西→症状）
syndrome （drom=to run一起跑出来的症状）n.症候群
aversion n. a strong feeling of dislike 厌恶，反感
e.g. Her aversion to alcohol caused her to avoid her friends' wedding party.
vers,vert=to turn 转移，改变，转向
averse adj.反对的，不乐意的，不情愿的 verse n.诗 reverse v.倒转
average n.平均
avert vt.转移（目光、思想等）
version n.（书籍、乐谱的）版本，（一种）说法，看法，译文 inversion n.倒装
evert v.（向着外面）翻转
converse v. n.谈话adj.倒转的n.相反的事物
conversant adj.亲近的，熟识的
conversation n.会话
versatile vertical advertisement convert anniversary universe university
socialize vi. mix socially with others 社交，交际
e.g. It distressed her that she no longer socialized with old friends.
social adj. 社会的
society n.社会，群体，团体，社团
soci=companion 同伴to associate结交
critic n. a person who judges or criticizes 评论家；对…持批评态度的人
e.g. Art critics praised the young artist's work.
critical adj.
crit=to judge判断
hypercritical adj.(hyper-=excessively)吹毛求疵的
hypocritical adj.(hypo-=under) 伪善的
nightmare n. a terrifying dream 噩梦
e.g. Tom didn't eat fish because it gives him nightmares.
crawl vi. to move forward on your hands and knees, with your body close to the ground爬，爬行
e.g. The wounded man crawled to the phone.
go at a crawl 慢吞吞地前进
leopard crawl 匍匐前进
make sb’s flesh crawl 使某人毛发直竖
crawl into sb’s favor 拍某人的马屁
interaction n. 交往；相互作用
cyber-interaction n. 通过网络交往
e.g. There is need for greater interaction among the different departments.
cyber 前缀表示与“网络有关的”
cyberspace 网络空间
cybercafé 网吧
cyber culture 网络文化
cyber pet 电子宠物
cyber squatter 抢注域名者
conversely ad. in a way that is opposite to sth相反地
e.g. You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.
converse adj. n.相反（的）
appropriately ad.适当地，得体地
appropriate a. fit, suitable, proper
e.g. Those children aren't appropriately dressed for this cold weather.
be appropriate for/to sth 适合于
It is appropriate that (should虚拟语气 ) v.
proper,propri=proper适当的,one’s o
wn自己的
proper adj.适当的
property n.财产
appropriate adj.（使适当）适合的，适当的
T-shirt n. an informal shirt with short sleeves and no buttons, or just a few buttons at the top T恤衫
e.g. T-shirts usually have short sleeves.
underwear n. clothes that you wear under other clothes and next to the skin内衣
e.g. He went for a late-night swim in his underwear.
but then :yet at the same time 但另一方面，然而
e.g. He got turned down for a promotion, but then he never expected to get it.
but for/that 除非，要不是
jar (on sth. /sb.)v. have an unpleasant effect使感到不快，刺激（神经等） n.罐子，坛子
e.g. You shouldn't have too many colors in a small space as the effect can jar.
commercial n. advertisement on TV or radio商业广告 a. related to or used in commerce商业的
e.g. I hate commercials on television.
commerce n.商业
ecommerce n.电子商务 e-business
merc=to trade贸易, reward报酬
merchandise n.[集体名词]商品
merchant n.商人adj.商业的
mercy n.（报酬→给予他人东西）慈悲
commerce n.（共同交易）商业，贸易
suck v. draw liquid or air into the mouth 吸，吮 absorb, involve
suck in 吸引，使卷入；吸收
e.g. I don't want to get sucked into the debate about school reform.
opera n. a dramatic work in which all or most of the words are sung to music; works of this type as an art form or entertainment歌剧（艺术）
soap opera 肥皂剧（以家庭问题为题材的广播或电视连续剧）
oper=to work, work工作
opera n.（-a名词词尾，写的结果）歌剧
operate v. 操作；动手术operation n.
cooperate v. （一起工作）合作cooperation n.
keep up with :learn about or be aware of (the news, etc.); move at the same rate as 及时了解或跟上
e.g. Carrie likes to keep up with the latest fashions.
catch up with
come up with
keep up使不低落，维持，维护 keep off 防止，不让接近
keep on 继续，穿着 keep at 坚持做
keep away 离开，避开 keep out 挡住
keep to 遵守 keep from 阻止
keep back 隐瞒，抑制
angle n. a particular way of considering an issue, etc. 角度，立场
e.g. Seen from this angle the woman in the picture is smiling.
at a different angle 从不同的角度
get a new angle on sth 用新的观点来看问题
angle the news 歪曲事实报道新闻
triangle n.三角形
rectangle n.（rect-=right）长方形，矩形
in sight :visible; likely to come soon 可看到的；临近
e.g. It was early in the morning and there wasn't anyone in sight on campus.
at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of 一看见就
out of sight 看不见
catch sight of 突然看见
lose sight of 忽略，漏看
lose one’s sight 失明
in one’s own sight 照自己的见解
bad-tempered a. having
a bad temper 脾气坏的，易怒的
temper=to moderate 节制，调节
temper n.脾气，气质，性情v.缓和
temperate v.有节制的，适度的，温和的
temperature n.温度，体温
insensitive a. not able to feel, unsympathetic to other people's feelings 感觉迟钝的，麻木不仁的
sensitive a. 敏感的 be sensitive to 对……敏感
e.g. My mother was a thinking woman, not an insensitive one.
sens,sent=to feel感觉
sense n.意义
nonsense n.（没有意义）无意义的话
assent v, n（感觉对方的心情）赞同
consent v, n.（共同的感觉）同意
resent v.（再次感觉→怒气油然而生）愤恨
remark n. a casual or brief expression of opinion, a comment 言辞，话语 v. express briefly as a comment说，评说
e.g. The principal of the school made some remarks about educational reform at the meeting.
make a remark on 对……发表意见
remark on 评论
remarkable adj. 显著的
project v. imagine that others have (the same feelings, usu. unpleasant ones) as you 以为别人也有（与自己同样的情绪） e.g. He projects his own thoughts and ideas onto her.
project sth to sb以几之心度人之腹
projection n.计划
projector n.放映机
ject=to throw 投，掷
inject v.（投掷进来）注射injection n.
object v.（投向反对者）反对n.（被掷于眼前的东西）物体，目标，目的
objective adj.客观的n.目标
objection n.反对
project v.（投掷到前方）计划 n. 事业
reject v.（投掷回来）拒绝rejection n.
subject v. 使服从n.（投身于～之下）科目，主题，国民adj.从属的
subjection n.从属，服从
subjective adj.主观的；主格的
misinterpret vt. understand wrongly 错误地理解，错误地解释
e.g. The President's words had been misinterpreted.
emotional a. (usual before noun) connected with people’s feelings 感情上的；动感情的
e.g. She is grateful to him for his emotional support while she was in trouble.
mov,mob,mot=to move移动
emotional adj.（移动出来的东西）
cue n. (esp. in a play )a signal for the next person to speak and act提示，暗示
e.g. When he started to talk about the finances, that was our cue to get up and quietly leave.
doggedly ad. persistently 顽强地，坚持不懈地
e.g. She would fight doggedly for her rights as the children's mother.
dogma n. 教义，教理，教条
routine n. a prescribed, detailed course of action to be followed regularly, a standard procedure例行事务，日常工作，惯例 e.g. The job is really just a dull series of fairly routine tasks. I don't think you'll take it.
routine= rout(=rupt)+ine （事情的脉络）
route n.（森林的缺口）道路
rely (on)vi. depend confidently, put trust in 依靠，依赖
e.g. Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers to control the flow of traffic.
[依靠] rely on count on depend on r
eckon on
reliant adj.依靠的
reliance n.依靠 self-reliance 依靠自己
reliable adj.可靠的
unemployment▲n. the fact of a number of people not having a job, the number of people without a job 失业
e.g. He was thrown into unemployment when the factory closed.
externally ad.从外面，在外部
external a. relating to, existing on, or connected with the outside or the outer part, exterior 外面的，外部的
e.g. Vitamins can be applied externally to the skin.
internal adj.
abuse n. wrong or excessive use; cruel treatment 滥用，虐待
e.g. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on drug abuse and addiction.
abusive adj. 滥用的，辱骂的
abuser n. 滥用者，虐待者 drug-abuser吸毒者
abuse v.（ab-=from，离开了正确的用法）
crime n. activities that involve breaking the law.犯）罪
e.g. We need a positive program of crime prevention.
bring a crime home to sb. 证实某人有罪
a capital crime 死罪
commit a crime 犯罪
crim=accusation控诉,crime罪行
suicide n. the act of killing yourself deliberately自杀
e.g. There were three suicides in one week.
commit suicide
cide,cise=to cut切
decide v.（割离→上判断）决定
suicide（sui-=self将自己切割）v. n.自杀
insecticide n.(insect=昆虫)杀虫剂
形似字coincide n.（一起落下）一致 accident incident
restore vt. bring back to a former condition 恢复
e.g. The army has recently been brought in to restore order.
restoration n.恢复,修复
restorer n.修补者（物），还原器
arrange vt. prepare or plan 安排
e.g. Her marriage was arranged by her parents.
arrangement n.
arrange for 安排，准备
arrange with sb about sth. 与某人商定某事
arrange v.（range-=rank向～排列）range n.排
flee v. run away (from) 逃走；逃离
e.g. The customers fled from the bank when the alarm sounded.
gym (informal)n.(also formal gymnasium) a room or hall with equipment in a school体育馆，健身房
e.g. The basketball game was held in the gymnasium.
set apart to make sb/sth different from or better than others 使分离，使分开
e.g. What sets it apart from hundreds of similar small French towns is the huge factory.
interview n. a formal meeting at which sb is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a particular job, or for a course of study at a college, university, vt. 接见；面试
e.g. The TV interview has been cancelled.
give an interview to 接见某人
have an interview with sb. 会见某人
interviewee n. 被采访者
interviewer n.采访者
interviewing n.面试
appointment n. a formal arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work约会 e.g. You can't see the president of the university unless you make an appointment.
make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
date vt.
disa
ppointment n.失望
laughter n. the act or sound of laughing笑，笑声
e.g. "Laughter is the best medicine" means that trying to be happy is a good way to fight worries.
intolerable a. too bad to be endured 不能忍受的，无法容忍的
e.g. The pain was so intolerable that I wished I was dead.
intolerance n.
apartment n.a set of rooms rented for living in, usually on one floor of a buiding 一套公寓房间；公寓
e.g. How many bedrooms do you have in your new apartment?
flat n.
click v.to make or cause sth to make a short sharp sound（使）发咔哒声；用鼠标点击 n. 咔哒声
e.g. When shopping online, you just click the mouse and order what you want to buy.
modem n. a device that connects one computer system to another using a telephone line so that data can be sent 调制解调器 e.g. He sent his work to the publishers by modem.
annoying a. 讨厌的，恼人的
annoy vt. make angry, irritate; bother 使恼怒，使烦恼
e.g. The annoying thing about the plan is that it's confusing.
be annoying with sb. for/at sth 对某人为某事而生气
annoying adj.恼人的，讨厌的
annoyance n. 烦恼的事情，讨厌的东西
connection n. sth that connects two facts, ideas, etc.连接
e.g. This town has very good road and railway connections with the coast.
nect,next=to bind 绑，连结
tune n. a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music曲子，曲调
e.g. She whistled a happy tune all the way home.
password n. a series of letter or numbers that you must type into computer or computer system in order to be able to use it 口令，密码
e.g. No one could use the computer unless they had a password.
Proper Names
Maia Szalavitz 迈亚·塞拉维茨
Liverpool 利物浦（英格兰西部港口城市）
Dateline 美国National Broadcasting Company (NBC) 的专题新闻报道节目
Frontline 美国Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) 的专题新闻报道节目
Nightline 美国American Broadcasting Company(ABC)的专题新闻报道节目
CNN =Cable News Network （美国）有线新闻电视网
B
acquaintance n. 相识； 熟人
e.g. She's an old acquaintance of mine.
be hooked on :be very keen on and absorbed in 对… 入了迷
e.g. Many of the leaders have become hooked on power and money.
call forth :bring into action or existence 使产生，引出
e.g. His speech called forth an angry response.
communication n. 交流，交际，通信
e.g. There was a lack of communications between us.
individual n. a single human being 个人
e.g. We designed this software in order to meet the needs of individual users.
innocent a. knowing no evil, naive天真无邪的 n. an innocent person
e.g. Jack is still as innocent as a child and is easily taken in.
intense a. serious and concentrated 认真的，紧张的
e.g. I have never seen an intense student like him
.
needless to say :as you already know or would expect 不用说
e.g. Needless to say, I survived the earthquake.
on the whole :all things considered, in general 总的看来，大体上，基本上
e.g. On the whole, your opinion is right.
on top of :in addition to 除…之外（还）
e.g. An extra 700 jobs are being cut on top of the 2,000 that were lost last year.
outwards :ad. 向外
e.g. The door opens outwards.
overnight ad. during or for the night 一整夜，一夜间
e.g. If you leave your bike here overnight, it's likely to disappear.
plot n. a plan or an outline of the events in a play or novel 情节
e.g. The author wove a story from three plots.
scatter vt. throw in different directions 散布
e.g. The farmers are scattering seeds over the fields.
slip vi. 溜（走），悄悄地走
e.g. He slipped out into the garage.
tendency n. 倾向
e.g. There is a tendency to use plastics in place of metals.
to one's knowledge :as far as one knows personally 据…所知
e.g. To my knowledge, Jack didn't get the job offer.
vehicle n. 传播媒介；交通工具
e.g. Air is the vehicle of sound.
version n. a particular form or variation of sth. 版本
e.g. I've read the Chinese version of the novel.
worldwide a., ad. 全世界的；在全世界范围内
e.g. The comet caused a worldwide panic.
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