2012年安徽高考任务型读写集锦

2012年安徽高考任务型读写集锦阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

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1、Scientists develop non-stick chewing gumScientists have developed a non-stick chewing gum that can be easily removed from pavements, shoes and clothes.The new gum, the result of polymer research at the University of Bristol, could be launched commercially in 2008, its developers said on Friday.If it catches on, the product will solve a major headache for local authorities around the world."The advantage of our Clean Gum is that it has a great taste, it is easy to remove and has the potential to be environmentally degradable(可降解性)," said Terence Cosgrove, a professor of chemistry who helped found a company called Revolymer to commercialize the technology.Today's chewing gums are made from synthetic latex, which is resistant to the weather and is strongly adhesive. The new gum adds a special polymer to modify its properties, making it far less sticky.In two street trials, leading commercial gums remained stuck to the pavement three out or four times, while Clean Gum came away naturally in all cases, Revolymer said.71. qualities 72. clean 73. potential/capability 74. component/composition 75. change/modify 76. effects 77. problem/trouble/headache 78. fall 79. prediction 80. result/ consequence /outcome2、Speaking in public is most people‟s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fools of ourselves. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become.But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It‟s just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I‟m basically shy (honest!), I‟ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years, and I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent. Anybody who can talk can speak in public. Here are some of the lessons I have learned: Your audience is going to come away with one or two of your main ideas. One or two. Not ten or20. If you can‟t express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. And if you don‟t have a clear idea of what you want to say, there‟s no way your audience will.No matter how long or short your speech is, you‟ve got to get your ducks in a row—how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you‟re going to close.When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first. When you know where you‟re headed, you can choose any route to get there. A strong close is critical: the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember.The standard length of a vaudeville act is usually 12 minutes. If all those performers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn‟t go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?76. public 77. focus 78. vague/unclear 79. organized 80. audience 81. opening 82. short83. attention 84. possible 85. bored3Wen Jiabao arrived in Singapore yesterday for an official visit to the country. It is the first visit by a Chinese premier to Singapore in eight years. In the arrival statement, Wen said he is looking forward to the meeting with Singing pore on ways to deepen East Asian cooperation between two nations so as to contribute to the building of a peaceful, harmonious relationship."Premier Wen Jiabao and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to jointly develop an environmentally friendly city in northeastern China. The city will be a model for sustainable development, a Singapore government statement said. The "Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city" will be developed by a joint venture formed by Chinese and Singapore companies. "This eco-city, to be built in Tianjin, will become another highlight in our relations," Wen said after signing an agreement with Lee,who agreed, "On the Singapore side, on all levels, we'll give this project our full support."The two sides will share expertise and experiences in urban planning, environmental protection, resources conservation, recycling, use of renewable resources and wastewater re-use. China's economic planning agency issued a set of guidelines earlier this month welcoming foreign investment in environmentally friendly areas such as recycling, "clean" industries and environmental protection.Bilateral relations between China and Singapore have seen big progress even though the two countries established diplomatic ties only 17 years ago, Wen said during his talks with Lee.China and Singapore have also kept close contact and coordination on regional issues, he added. Wen said China and Singapore are both important Asian countries that share common interests in many areas.Title: Wen‟s visit to Singapore71.aims\purposes 72.co-operate 73.strengthen\promote 74.reached 75.environmentally76. sustainable 77.regional 78.peaceful 79.set 80.preference4A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:Cards that hold money.Cards that provide safe access to a network.Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records ortravel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.6. travelers7. cost8. Unchangeable9. readers 10.memory5、All That noise is damaging Children’s HearingMichel become hooked on headphones in his early teens. He walked in the streets of Brooklyn day after day with his favorite music blasting directly into his ears. By his early 20s, Michel had lost much of his upper-range hearing.The Children‟s Hearing Institute reports that hearing loss among children and young adults is ri sing in the United States, and that one third of the damage is caused by noise.Surrounded By NoiseWe live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are beset by sounds over which we may have little or no control: power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, cars and house alarms, sirens, motorcycles, Jet Skis, loudspeakers, even movie previews.We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners can not hear a doorbell or telephone. Many “modern ” restaurants have chosen noise enhancement instead of abatement(减轻). Any time you need to shout to be heard by someone near you, your hearing is most likely to be in a decibel(分贝) danger zone.As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. Toys that meet the safety standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials can produce sound up to 138 decibels, as loud as a jet plane taking off. Yet workplace rules require hearing protection for those exposed to noise above 85 decibels.Protecting Young EarsBefore buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the toy comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, disable the noise-making function. Or limit the use of noisy toys to outside play areas.Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Time spent in video arcades, where the noise level can be over 110 decibels, should be strictlylimited. Most iPods have a control that allow parents to set a maximum volume.Don‟t take children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the manager to turn down the volume or insist on you money back. Children who play in bands and teenagers who use power tools, gardening equipment or guns should be made to wear hearing protection, available at sporting goods stores.The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, watching family-oriented films, doing puzzles, making thins with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting librarians and museums.71、addicted 72、loss 73、Environmental 74、prevents/ stops 75、louder/noisier76、permanent 77、Solutions 78、Return 79、Avoid 80、participate6、Blood Drive at Civic CenterThe local university blood center had a blood drive today at the Civic Center auditorium. Almost 300 people showed up, but about 50 were turned away for various medical reasons. Fifty others left because the lines were moving so slowly. The event concluded at 6 pm, three hours after the scheduled close. It was a long day for everyone-administrators, nurses, and donors. But there were plenty of chairs and tables, and many people brought their own books, magazines, or newspapers.The first thing the donors had to do, of course, was fill out the donor registration and screening form. When they finished filling out the form, they waited until a nurse called them to her desk. The average adult body contains 8 to 12 pints of blood. Donors can give one pint at a time. It takes your body 2 to 4 weeks to replace this amount. Most donors filled up the pint bag within 5 to 10 minutes.Before leaving, the donors received a sheet of instructions including: Do not lift any heavy objects for 12 hours. Leave your pressure bandage on for 2~3 hours. Do not smoke for at least 30 minutes. Avoid alcohol for the rest of the day. Do not do any laborious activity for 24 hours.“I wish I could hug and kiss all the volunteers that are here today,” s aid Martha, the blood center donor recruiter. “Many donors underestimate the importance of what they‟re doing. They think it is no big deal, but it is a big deal. Their blood is actually saving lives, helping other people to live, which will lead to a more harmonious society. We cannot thank them enough for that, nor can the recipients.”Title: Blood drive at Civic Centre71.Place/Where 72.200 73.Failing 74.registration 75.Amount76.Instruction/Tips/Suggestions/Advice 77.Avoid 78.whole 79.attitude(s) 80.Importance/Meaning/Significance7In addition to self-awareness, imagination, and conscience, it is the fourth quality — independent will —that really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in agreement with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon, to actively carry out the program we have developed through the other three qualities.The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has overcome unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic(给人深刻印象的) evidence to the value, the power of the independent will.But as we examine this quality in the context of effective self-man agement, we realize it‟s usually not the dramatic, the visible(可见的), the once-in-a-lifetime, up-by-the-bootstraps(自立自强的) effort that brings lasting success. This special ability comes from learning how to use this great quality in the decisions we make every day.The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal honesty. Honesty is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It‟s our ability to make and keep promises to ourselves, to “walk our talk.”Effective management is putting first things first.While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline (training to be self-controlled), carrying it out.Discipline obtains from belief—belief in a set of values, belief in an overriding(最主要的) purpose, to a long-term or short term goal that must be carried out.In other words, if you are an effective manager of yourself, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a follower of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the quality to control your feelings and moods rather than depend on others or have your work half done.71. effective 72. prove/ show/( illustrate) 73. decisions 74. Honesty 75. kept76. what 77. stick 78. Conclusions 79. follow 80. controlled8In 2006, the number of Chinese students studying abroad reached 134,000. More than twenty countries are selected as “the most favored nations by Chinese students for studying abroad in 2006”. These countries are attracting students in different ways.In recent years, the United States has become so attractive for many Chinese students with its first-class institutions and universities, and superpower status in the world. This was mainly due to the relaxation of visa restrictions for international students in 2005 and 2006, a move that promoted the development of its education market and caught the attention of more Chinese students. Previously, students needed to get entry permits from customs and make a claim on their period of stay. If they needed to go back to their homeland during vacations, they had to provide a visiting certificate. After the vacation ended, they needed to apply for another visa for re-entry into the the United States. Today, aslong as their students ID cards remain unchanged, they can return to their homeland within one year, without showing a visiting certificate and applying for a re-entry visa.The natural environment has always been a key factor in attracting students from other countries. Canada, known as “America‟s backyard”, is the most inhabatable country, as well as the world‟s most amazing nation for overseas study. Canada has been attracting a large number of Chinese students for years.New Zealand has also welcomed more and more students to study, offering a good living environment and desirable lifestyle. It has eight outstanding colleges and universities, creating better hopes for employment and immigration after students graduate. Students can apply for visas even without taking an English proficiency test. This is an important reason why more international students intend to study in the country.An elegant environment, bilingual (双语的) lifestyle and international academic atmosphere are the most attractive advantages of study in Malaysia. Bilingual language ability has been a fundamental requirement for residents in this country. Students in the country can benefit from a world-class education, with a guarantee of an excellent degree of higher education. Residents living in the most inhabitable country in the Asia-Pacific region, enjoy life‟s real pleasures.The year of 2007 is the “year of China” in Japan and the year of “Chines e-Korean exchange”. Frequent communications and exchanges between the governmentments of both countries have encouraged students to study in the two countries. Japan offers a variety of preferential (优惠的) policies to Chinese students that create unique conditions for international students to continue research and study in the country. In 2006, more and more Chinese students chose to study in Japan and Korea.Some countries, such as Russia, the Ukraine and German have become destinations for more Chinese students in recent years because they offer high quality education at a low cost. The German education system has been the number one choice for many students. However, from the beginning of 2006, it began to adjust its policy on waiving (放弃) full tuition fees. Therefore, international students studying in Germany would be able to enjoy a free tuition policy for only a few years to come.71. restrictions 72. environments 73. relationships 74. costs 75. move76. living 77. visas 78. bilingual 79. conditions 80. more9Filmmakers in Hollywood produce hundreds of films each year and audiences around the world watch them. In many films, characters smoke cigarettes and other forms of tobacco. In the past, researchers have documented how adolescents in the United States are influenced by watching those images of smoking on the screen. They found that kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.Dr. James Sargent, a researcher with Dartmouth University Medical School in New Hampshire, says those research findings are strong and reliable, but he says that many people are unconvinced when they hear that movies might contribute to adolescent smoking. “How can movies be to blame for a third of adolescent smoking when there‟s only, you know, 30 seconds to a minute of smoking in every movie? So what we wanted to do with this study was really range the exposure for people so that they understood how much exposure kids really get when it comes to seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen.”Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents. They watched about 500 popular movies and counted the images of smoking in each. Then they multiplied that number of images by the number of adolescents estimated to have seen the films. They estimate that billions of images of smoking in American films are seen by kids around the world.“So it is a big international problem to the extent that American movie companies are exporting smoking in youth-rated movies, the kids in other countries are seeing the smoking, and it‟s positi oning smoking as something they want to do,” he concludes.Sargent says almost nothing else compares with smoking in terms of public health problems around the world. Each year millions of people die of diseases caused by smoking: lung and other cancers, heart diseases and respiratory diseases. Sargent says many of those people started smoking during their adolescent years.“We‟ve already shown pretty convincingly that seeing smoking in movies is bringing kids to the tobacco industry,” he says. “So the movie industry has some responsibility here. The movie industry could do something that would reduce smoking in youth-rated movies; they could rate smoking R (for restricted).” He notes that‟s what public health activists are trying to get filmmakers t o do. And if they did that, it would reduce 60 percent of growth of impressions the kids in his sample had seen.76. abroad 76. deaths 78. duty 79. habit 80. chance/possibility10Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be an unusual field for economists (经济学家), but increasing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its focus on encouragement, provides an explanation for why so many girls are rid of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school -- the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.74. children 75. no/little 76. doing77. fairly/equally 78. contributes/leads 79. affects 80. Conclusion11Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的）status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation‟s 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That‟s why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.71. move 72. history 73. increasing 74. richer / wealthier 75. Reasons 76. majority 77. related / linked 78. seeking 79. climate 80. tendency / phenomenon / trend12Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages, such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment.To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work. They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance.Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and treatment, people‟s life expectancy is longer. Moreover, mo st people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time.Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, Internet, various vehicles and labor-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well.Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. The most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by chemicals from factories. Another main disadvantage is the depersond\alization (价格解体) of human relationships which mostly results from people‟s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. Still one more disadvantage is the weakening of spiritual values. An undeniable fact is that a large number of people are solely interested in materialistic culture, while neglecting spiritual civilization. Limited by space, we have to skip the examples.In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages, it may not have made us wiser, because it has also made our earth dirtier, our people less humane, and our spiritual life poorer. We should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancement, however, we must make a concerted effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized world.st71. comment 72. Advantages 73. conveniences 74. Better 75. life76. leisure 77. Transportation 78. polluted 79. weakening 80. Chemicals13Are you tired of looking for love in all the usual places? Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are now going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world‟s most popular matchmaker. With so many singles online, dozens of dating sites like Yahoo Personals and are helping singles find that special someone. Around the world, from America to China, love is now very much online.Singles are flocking to the Internet mainly because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to lo ok for a significant other. Using dating sites is quick and convenient. They can “meet” a lot more people online than they could by hanging out at a club. Besides, many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else. They also appreciate the first distance of online dating, which allows them to hide themselves until they are ready to meet someone face to face. Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone you are not interested in. In the real world, however, ignoring someone you don‟t like can be embarrassing.Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People aren‟t always who they claim to be in their online profiles. For instance, some one who tells you he is “handsome, successful and single” might turn out to be homely, unemployed and married. Safety is another concern. You are just as likely to find a criminal online as you are Mr. or Miss right.Even so, supporters of online dating see things in a positive way. In their opinion, singles can safely play the online dating game with a little common sense. Online dating experts advise following a few safety tips:Guard your personal information. Never give out your personal information online. This includes your last name, phone number, home address and place of work.Watch for red flags. Do any of the people you are chatting with make disrespectful comments? Do they try to control you? Do they give false information about themselves? If so, forget them!Meet in a safe place. When meeting someone in person, choose a public location with other people around.Follow these tips and you might be able to find the person of your dreams.。