作业39
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课时作业(三十九) Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
Teachers and parents usually pay attention to the pictures when they read storybooks to preschool children. But a new study suggests that paying attention to the words and letters on the page may lead to better readers. The two-year study compared children who were read to this way in class with children who were not. Those whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly higher skills in reading, spelling and understanding. These results were found one year and even two years later. Shayne Piasta, an assistant professor of teaching and learning at Ohio State University, was an author of the study. She says most preschool teachers would find this method manageable and would need only a small change in the way they teach. They already read storybooks in class. The only difference would be increased attention to the printed text. Ms Piasta says if you get children to pay attention to letters and words, it makes sense that they will do better at word recognition and spelling. But she says research suggests that very few parents and teachers do this in a systematic (系统的) way. More than 300 children aged four and five were observed in classrooms in Ohio and Virginia. The children came from poor families and were below average in their language skills. This put them at risk of reading problems later. For 30 weeks, the children took part in a program called Project STAR. It tests the short-term and long-term results of reading regularly to preschool children in their classrooms. There‟re different ways that adults can talk to children about print. They can point to a letter and discuss it, and even trace the shape with a finger. They can point out a word, “This is a „dog‟”. They can discuss how the words tell the story. And they can talk about the organization of the print — for example, showing how words are written left to right in English. 1. The first paragraph is to ________. A. give an example B. present the topic of the text C. list facts about the pictures D. point out the importance of words 2. According to the text, Shayne Piasta ________. A. worked in a middle school B. didn‟t attend the research at all C. liked kids to be educated through words D. hoped to increase kids‟ interest through pictures 3. According to the text, Project STAR ________. A. focused on adults‟ education B. was to study reading results C. was mainly conducted at home D. tested kids with good reading skills 4. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Why words have meanings. B. Different expressions of words. C. How words are spelled differently. D. Ways of teaching about print. 5. The text may appear in ________. A. Child Development B. Daily Technology C. International Affairs D. Health Development 答案与解析 【解题导语】 孩子怎样才能成为一名优秀的阅读者?是看图画书学习还是通过文字进行学习呢? 1. 答案 B 解析 推理判断题。文章第一段第二句指出了本文所要讨论的话题，即：关注单词和字母能够造就更好的阅读者。 2. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知Shayne Piasta是大学助理教授，是该研究的参与者；再结合第四段可知既然通过文字来学习更加有助于提高阅读成绩，那么她是支持这一做法的。 3. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知Project STAR其实就是Shayne Piasta所参加的研究项目，主要是研究阅读效果的。 4. 答案 D 解析 段落大意题。文章最后一段主要讲述了几种进行文字教学的模式。 5. 答案 A 解析 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了儿童在学习方面如何成为一名好的阅读者。因此，本文应出自儿童发展方面的栏目。
If you‟re a male and you‟re reading this, congratulations: you‟re a survivor. According to statistics, you‟re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you‟ll die on average five years before a woman. There‟re many reasons for this — typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke — but perhaps more importantly, men don‟t go to the doctor. “Men aren‟t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr.Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over 40s, when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker‟s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it
