英语句子成分分析

1英语句子成分讲座·主语
句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充
当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语
English is very important. The students all love their English teacher.
■代词作主语
They go to school by bus.Most of the students come from the countryside.
■动名词作主语
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it.
■动词不定式(短语)作主语
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep.
2 英语句子成分讲座·谓语
谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语
的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，
又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语
All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there?
■不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday. Don’t look at the picture.
■连系动词表状态
He is an excellent teacher.
3.英语句子成分讲座·表语
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名
词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five.
John is captain of the team. My favorite sport is swimming.
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.
4.英语句子成分讲座·宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、
动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. talking to you.
He certainly did not want to join them. I hoped that all would come well.
双宾语：vt + 直宾+间宾 He gave me a book.
5.英语句子成分讲座·定语
定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般
由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充
当。
His father is a doctor. Mr. Green has two sons.
The girl under the tree is Kate. The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well.
I bought a new dictionary. Can you find out the answer to the question？
A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
6.英语句子成分讲座·状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充
当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原
因、结果、伴随等。
(1) 时间状语
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. Hearing the news, they felt very excited.
(2) 地点状语
Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was.
(3) 程度状语 (very, quite, rather, a little)
I have quite a lot of work to do.
(4) 目的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday.
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
(5) 方式状语
We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you.
(6) 让步状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.
No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.
(7) 条件状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.
(8) 比较状语
Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack.
(9) 原因状语
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. I’m glad to meet you.
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
(10) 结果状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
(11) 伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.
7.英语句子成分讲座·宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名
词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
Call me Clara. I made him monitor.
You must keep it clean. I have the car waiting.
We had the machine repaired. I have a lot of work to do.
He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow.
注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾
语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语
动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词
(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。
主语补足语：对主语的补充
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.