Glass Transition in a Two-Dimensional Electron System in Silicon

大会将请专家对以下领域作专题性的特邀报告:
(1). 凝聚态物理的最新进展:
A. 自旋电子学
B. 纳米材料
C. 固体量子信息和计算
D. 玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚
E. 强关联电子系统
F. 高温超导
G. 量子霍尔效应
H. 磁学
I 表面和界面
J. 半导体物理
K. 低维凝聚态物理
L. 介观物理
M. 软凝聚态物质
N. 生物物理
structure Metallic Phases in Solid Germane (GeH4) under Pressure 锗烷在
压力下的金属相
11:45 -12:15
12:15 -13:00
午餐
张振宇 橡树岭国家实验室
柳百新
清华大学
林海青 香港中文大学 牛谦 美国德克萨斯大学
7 月 16 日
凝聚态理论专题邀请报告 I 主持人：谢心澄 地点：芙蓉厅
14:30 -14:55 14:55 -15:20 15:20 -15:45 15:45 -16:10 16:10 -16:35 16:35 -16:50
7 月 16 日
Manipulating Magnetization States of Nanostructures Two-spin decoherence in semiconductor quantum dots
稀磁半导体(Al,Cr)N 中的氮空位与高温铁磁性的第一原理研究
蒋青 刘邦贵
吉林大学 中科院物理所
15:20 -15:45 15:45 -16:10 16:10 -16:35
Theoretical and experimental studies of semiconductor dilute nitrides and devices

最近３０多年来围绕着氧化锌薄膜的晶体结构、物化性能、成膜技术以及相 关的器件开发等展开了广泛且深入的研究，使得它的各项性能和应用都获得了显 著的进展。许多应用氧化锌薄膜制作的电子器件已经得到了广泛的应用，比如在 ＳＡＷ（Ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ Ａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ Ｗａｃｅ，声表面波）器件上ＺｎＯ薄膜的应用，以及在透明 电极、光电器件、蓝光器件等方面也有很大的应用潜力圆。在室温下高质量ＺｎＯ 薄膜紫外激射的实现，使其成为一种理想的短波长发光器件材料，使这一领域倍 受科研人员的重视。
（ＡＺＯ）ｔｈｉｎ ｆｉｌｍｓ ａｒｅ ｅｍｅｒｇｉｎｇ ａｓ ａｎ ａｌｔｅｍａｔｉｖｅ ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ ｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅ ｆｏｒ ＩＴＯ （Ｓｎ．ｄｏｐｅｄ Ｉｎ２０３）ｆｌｉｍｓ ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ｎｏｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｃｏｍｐａｒａｂｌｅ ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ ａｎｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ｔｏ ＩＴＯ ｆｉｌｍｓ，ｂｕｔ ａｌｓｏ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈｅｒｍａｌ ａｎｄ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ ｔｏ ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎ ｐｌａｓｍａ ｔｈａｎ ＩＴＯ．
电子科技大学硕士学位论文
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ
Ｚｉｎｃ ｏｘｉｄｅ（ＺｎＯ）ａｓ ａ ｗｉｄｅ ｂａｎｄ－ｇａｐ（３．３ｅＶ）ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ ｗｉｔｈ
ｗｕｒｔｚｉｔｅ ｃｒｙｓｔａｌ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ．ｉｓ ｇａｉｎｉｎｇ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ ａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａＳ ａ ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒ ｌａｓｅｒ，ｄｕｅ ｔｏ ｉｔｓ ｈｉｇｈ ｅｘｃｉｔｏｎ ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｏｆ ６０ ｍｅＶ．Ａ１·ｄｏｐｅｄ ＺｎＯ

8. Silicones in the Construction IndustryA. Wolf, Dow Corning GmbH, Wiesbaden (Germany)Silicone sealants and adhesives as used in the construction industry were introduced approximately forty years ago, and many of the silicones applied in the early days are still performing today. Products are available in a variety of forms, from paste-like materials to flowable adhesives. Both single- and multi-component versions are available, each with several different cure chemistries.The commercial importance of silicone sealants and adhesives is based on their unique combination of properties that permit them to satisfy important needs in a broad variety of markets. These properties include excellent weather and thermal stability, ozone and oxidation resistance, extreme low temperature flexibility, high gas permeability, good electrical properties, physiological inertness and curability by a variety of methods at both elevated and ambient temperatures. Because of their low surface energy, they wet most substrates, even under difficult conditions, and when formulated with suitable adhesion promoters, they exhibit very good adhesion. These unique characteristics are the result of a scientific endeavour to combine some of the most stable chemical and physical attributes of the inorganic world with the highly utilizable aspects of organic materials.A qualitative list of the features of siloxane polymers that contribute to the unique combination of properties of silicone sealants and adhesives relevant in construction applications is given in Table 1. Almost all these inherent attributes are a consequence of four fundamental aspects: the low intermolecular forces between dialkylsiloxane molecules, the dipolar nature and the strength of the siloxane bond and the flexibility of the siloxane backbone.Probably the most important properties of silicone sealants for construction are durability and adhesion.Table 1. Silicone Attributes Contributing to DurabilitySealant Property Silicone AttributeExcellent substrate wetting (adhesion) Low surface tensionHigh water repellence Low surface tensionExcellent flexibility Low glass transition temperatureLarge free volumeLow apparent energy of activation for viscous flow Low activation energy of Si-O-Si bond rotationSmall temperature variation of physical properties Configuration of siloxane polymer chain and small interaction between methyl groupsLow activation energy of Si-O-Si bond rotationLow reactivity Configuration of siloxane polymer chain and small interaction between methyl groupsHigh gas permeability Large free volumeLow activation energy of Si-O-Si bond rotationHigh thermal and oxidative stability High Si-methyl bond energy Ultraviolet light resistance High Si-O bond energyAdhesionAlthough the primary function of sealants is to seal, in most applications they cannot provide this function without proper and durable adhesion to the substrate(s). Furthermore, in many applications, it is difficult to distinguish between an adhesive and a sealant. For example, structural silicone adhesives are used in the building construction industry owing to their sealing, adhesive and elastomeric properties, as well as their resistance to harsh environmental conditions.The type of application dictates the adhesion requirements. For instance, sealants and adhesives for general use are expected to achieve primerless adhesion to a broad variety of substrates.Siloxane polymers spread easily on most surfaces as their surface tensions are less than the critical surface tensions of most substrates. This thermodynamically driven property ensures that surface irregularities and pores are filled with sealant or adhesive, giving an interfacial phase that is continuous and without voids. Thus, maximum van der Waals and London dispersion intermolecular interactions are obtained at the silicone-substrate interface. However, these initial interactions are purely physical in nature. Theoretically, these physical intermolecular interactions would provide adhesion energy on the order of several mJ/m2. This would be sufficient to provide some basic adhesion between the adhesive and the substrate. However, the energy of adhesion required in many applications is on the order of kJ/m2. Therefore, physical intermolecular forces across the interphase are not sufficient to sustain a high stress under severe environmental conditions. However, chemisorption also plays an important role in the adhesion of reactive silicone sealants and adhesives; thus, physisorption and chemisorption both account for bond strength [1].Obviously, the ideal silicone adhesive or sealant is one that is self-priming; that is, the adhesion promoter is included in the formulation and is generally part of the curing reaction system. This is the most common type of commercial silicone sealant or adhesive, as it often provides adhesion without the need of a complicated pretreatment procedure such as priming, corona- or plasma-treatment. However, even with self-priming systems, proper cleaning of the substrate prior to application is required to eliminate weak boundary layers and to achieve strong and durable adhesion.DurabilityProperly formulated silicone sealants and adhesives exhibit outstanding durability in a variety of environments. They are known for their high movement capability; their excellent resistance to ultraviolet light, high temperature and ozone; their low water absorption and low temperature flexibility, as well as their ability to form strong chemical bonds to the surface of typical construction and industrial substrates [2]. The outstanding UV stability of silicones is derived from the bond strength of the silicon-oxygen linkages in the polymer chain, as well as the absence of any double-bond or other ultraviolet (UV) light-absorbing groups.The principal environmental factors acting on a sealant or adhesive in outdoor exposures are: - Temperature extremes (high and low)- Water- Solar radiation (UV and IR)- Oxygen/ozone- Corrosive gases (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides)- Mechanical stressFor radiation energy to initiate chemical changes, the molecules of the material in question must absorb it. Silicones absorb very little ultraviolet radiation in the 300-400 nm region, which is the wavelength range that causes problems with most other polymers at, or near, ground level. When irradiated under conditions of natural photo-aging, silicones are slowly oxidised. The oxidation of the hydrocarbon side-groups results in the formation of carbonyl groups [3-4-5-6]. Since carbonyl groups do not interact strongly, the oxidation has little effect on the mechanical properties of the sealant or adhesive. This is consistent with the fact that, even after 20 years of outdoor weathering in sunny climates, silicone elastomers show comparatively little change in physical properties [7-8].Under natural weathering conditions, the effects of oxygen and ozone are inextricably connected to those of elevated temperatures and sunlight. At room temperature, oxidation by oxygen is not noticeable. The excellent oxidation resistance of silicones is a consequence of the dipolar character of the siloxane backbone. The positively polarised silicon atom acts as an electron drain for the methyl group, rendering it less susceptible to oxidation [9]. Oxidation in air generally becomes noticeable above 200ºC, resulting in cleavage of the Si-C bond. However, one can raise the upper service temperature by using suitable oxidation inhibitors.Changes in the physical properties of silicones under artificial or natural weathering conditions, involving alternating periods of wet and dry conditions, are mainly due to the physical effects of water [10]. Since the hydrolysis reaction is reversible, some of the siloxane bonds that were ruptured by hydrolysis are formed again by the condensation of silanol groups upon drying [11]. Thus, during alternating periods of wet and dry conditions, a relatively small number of siloxane bonds in the bulk of the sealant or adhesive are constantly broken and reformed.Silicone sealants and adhesives show excellent resistance to the combined effect of the key weathering factors: water, heat and ultraviolet light [12-13]. Compared to organic sealants and adhesives, silicones are more thermally stable, perform over a wider range of temperatures, have a higher movement capability and are less susceptible to fatigue resulting from cyclic mechanical strain. They are also more resistant to UV light as well as oxygen and ozone attack. They are also known for their low water absorption and the ability to form strong chemical bonds to typical construction substrates.A weaker aspect of the environmental stability of silicones is their susceptibility to hydrolysis reactions, particularly at the extremes of acidity or alkalinity and at elevated temperatures. Exposure to strong acids and bases as well as to super-heated steam are detrimental to the stability of silicone sealants. Under natural weathering conditions (involving small amounts of water incorporated in the bulk of the sealant or adhesive), mass action effects keep the hydrolysis reaction within limits, a condition much aided by the low water wettability of the siloxane polymer.ApplicationsThe construction industry represents the largest market segment for silicones. Siliconesealants, primarily as one-part room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) products, are widely used by the construction industry for applications such as sealing building and highway expansion joints, general weatherproofing of joints in porous and nonporous substrates, sanitary joints around bathroom and kitchen fixtures, as well as fire-rated joints around pipes, electrical conduits, ducts, and electrical wiring within building walls and ceilings. In a variety of applications, silicone sealants also perform the functions of an adhesive (i.e., they act as structural sealants). For example, silicones are used in structural glazing, where the cured sealant becomes part of the overall load-bearing design, or in insulating glass secondary seals, which structurally bond two panes of glass together. Structural glazing is the application that most importantly is enabled by the outstanding durability of silicone sealants. Structural silicone glazing (SSG) is the method of bonding glass, ceramic, metal, stone or composite panels to the frame of a building by using the bond strength, movement capability and durability of a silicone structural sealant. Figure 1 shows the Burj-Al-Arab hotel in Dubai as one example of the many exceptionally well-designed buildings sporting silicone structural glazing façades.Figure 1. Burj-Al-Arab Hotel, Dubai; a tribute to the use of structural glazing silicone adhesive in a high-rise façade.Because of the elastomeric character and the chemical adhesion of silicone structural bonding seals, SSG design concepts offer a number of performance benefits [14]:•Effective air- and weather-sealing of the facade•Improved thermal and sound insulation•Protection of the supporting structure from the elements by a durable glass skin•Increased rigidity and stability of the facade, resulting in the ability to withstand higher wind-loads•Ability to absorb differential movements between glass and building frame, resultingin superior performance of SSG facades during seismic eventsFor the facade designer, SSG provides the possibility to construct facades with free-flowing, uninterrupted bands of glass or smooth, uninterrupted total glass surfaces.The SSG technique uses both the adhesive and sealing properties of structural silicone sealants. Medium modulus, good elastomeric properties, and excellent, highly durable adhesion are important to support the weight of glazed panels and to resist wind load, while simultaneously being able to absorb differential movements between dissimilar materials induced by thermal fluctuations, seismic loading or other forces. It is essential for the success of SSG design to use a structural sealant and not a rigid adhesive because the structural seal needs to resist both loads and movements without creating unduly high stresses at the glass interface or failing cohesively [15]. Since the interface between structural seal and glass is directly exposed to sunlight, the sealant must develop extremely UV-stable bonds to the glass substrate to achieve an expected service life of 30 to 50 years. Because of this requirement, only silicone sealants are allowed for structural glazing applications.References1 Parbhoo, B.; O'Hare, L. -A.; Leadley, S. R. Fundamental aspects of adhesion technology in silicones(Chapter 14). In Adhesion Science and Engineering, Volume II, Surfaces, Chemistry & Applications, M. Chaudhury and A.V. Pocius, Eds., Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2002; 677-711.2 Wolf, A. T. Durability of silicone sealants, In Durability of Building Sealants, RILEM State-of-the-ArtReport; A.T. Wolf, Ed., RILEM Publications: 92220 Bagneux, 2000; 253-273.3 Israeli, Y.; Phillipart, J. L.; Cavezzan, J.; Lacoste, J.; Lemaire, J. Polymer Degradation and Stability1992,36 (2), 179-185.4 Israeli, Y.; Cavezzan, J.; Lacoste, J. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1992, 37, 201-208.5 Israeli, Y.; Cavezzan, J.; Lacoste, J.; Lemaire, J. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1993, 42, 267-279.6 Israeli, Y.; Lacoste, J.; Cavezzan, J.; Lemaire, J. Polymer Degradation and Stability 1995,47(3), 357-362.7 Gorman, P. D. Weathering of Various Sealants in the Field - a Comparison. In Science and Technology ofBuilding Seals, Sealants, Glazing and Waterproofing, Fourth Volume, ASTM STP 1243, D. H.Nicastro, Ed., ASTM International: West Conshohocken, USA, 1995; 3-28.8 Oldfield, D.; Symes, T. Polymer Testing 199615, 115-128.9 Owen, M. J.; Klosowski, J. M. Durability of Silicone Sealants. In Adhesives, Sealants and Coatings forSpace and Harsh Environments, L. -H. Lee, Ed., Plenum Publishing Corp.: New York, 1998; 281-291.10 Bridgewater, T. J.; Carbary, L. D. Accelerated Weathering and Heat stability of Various PerimeterSealants. In Science and Technology of Building Seals, Sealants and Waterproofing, Second Volume, ASTM STP 1200, J. M. Klosowski, Ed., ASTM International: West Conshohocken, USA, 1992; 45-63.11 Vondracek, P.; Gent, A. N. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1982,27, 4517-4523.12 Fedor, G.; Brennan, P. Adhesives Age 1990, 33:5, 22-27.13 Chew, M.Y.L.; Yi, L.D. Building and Environment 1997,32:3, 187-193.14 Renckens, J., Ed., Facades and Architecture, FAECF Federation of European Window and Curtain WallManufacturers: Walter-Kolb-Strasse 1-7, 60594 Frankfurt/Main, Germany, ISBN 3-00-002321-6;1998.15 Iker, J.; Wolf, A. T. Materials and Structures 1992, 25, 137-144.This article has been published in the chapter “Silicones in Industrial Applications” in Inorganic Polymers, an advanced research book by Nova Science Publishers (); edited by Roger De Jaeger (Lab. de Spechtrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, Univ. des Sciences and Tecn. de Lille, France) and Mario Gleria (Inst. di Scienze e Tecn. Molecolari, Univ. di Padoa, Italy). Reproduced here with the permission of the publisher.。

Grazing-Incidence X-ray Scattering(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, France)Troika I experimentsI.K. Robinson, J.L. Libbert, I.A. Vartanyants, J.A. Pitney, D.-M. Smilgies, D.L. Abernathy, and G. Grubel: "Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Silicon Oxide Growth", Phys. Rev. B. 60, 9965 (1999).S.A. de Vries, P. Goedtkindt, S.L. Bennett, W.J. Huisman, M.J. Zwanenburg, D.-M. Smilgies, J.J. de Yoreo, W.J.P. van Enckevort, P. Bennema, and E. Vlieg: "Surface Atomic Structure of KDP Crystals in Aqueous Solution: An Explanation of the Growth Shape”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2229 (1998).S.A. de Vries, P. Goedtkindt, W.J. Huisman , M.J. Zwanenburg, R. Feidenhans’l, S.L. Bennett, D.-M. Smilgies, A. Stierle, J.J. de Yoreo, W.J.P. van Enckevort, P. Bennema, and E. Vlieg: "X-ray diffraction studies of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals", J. Cryst. Growth 205, 202 (1999).H. Requardt, F. Ya. Nad, P. Monceau, R. Currat, J.E. Lorenzo, D. Rideau, D. Smilgies, and G. Grübel : “Space- and time-resolved x-ray diffraction from pinned and sliding charge-density-waves in NbSe3”, J. Phys. IV France 9, Pr10-133 (1999).D. Rideau, P. Monceau, H. Requardt, R. Currat, F. Nad, J.E.Lorenzo, S. Brazovskii, N. Kirova, D. Smilgies, and G. Grübel “Phase slippage at the interface: normal metal/sliding charge-density wave”, Physica B 280, 317-322 (2000)A. Robert, G. Grübel, D. Smilgies, and J.-F. Legrand, "Synchrotron Radiation Induced Phase Transitions in a Polymer Film", in preparation.Troika II experimentsD.-M. Smilgies, N. Boudet, and G. Grübel: "First Experiments on Troika II",ESRF-Newsletter No. 31, 14 (Sept. 98).liquid surfacesA.K. Doerr, M. Tolan, J.-P. Schlomka, T. Seydel, W. Press, D. Smilgies, andB.Struth: Observation of Capillary Waves on Liquid Thin Films from Mesoscopic to Atomic Length Scales, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3470 (1999).C. Fradin, A. Braslau,D. Luzet, D. Smilgies, M. Alba, N. Boudet, K. Mecke, and J. Daillant: "Reduction in the Surface Energy of Liquid Interfaces at Short Length Scales", Nature 403, 871 (2000).E.J. Samuelsen, D.W. Breiby, O. Konovalov, B.Struth, and D.-M. Smilgies, “In-situ studies of the transition from solution to solid film of poly(octylthiophene)”, Synth. Metals, in print.C. Fradin, A. Braslau,D. Luzet, D. Smilgies, M. Alba, N. Boudet, K. Mecke, and J. Daillant: “Liquid-vapor interfaces at short length scales”, ESRF Highlights 2000, 38.C. Alonso, F.Artzner, B. Suchod, M. Berthault., O. Konovalov, J. Pecaut,D. Smilgies, A. Renault: "Two- and Three-Dimensional Stacking of Chiral Alcohols", submitted.polymer thin filmsJ.S. Gutmann, P. Müller-Buschbaum, D.W. Schubert, N. Stribeck, D. Smilgies, and M. Stamm: "Roughness Correlations in Ultrathin Polymer Blend Films" (Proceedings of SXNS–6), Physica B 283, 40 (2000).P. Müller-Buschbaum, J.S. Gutmann, M. Wolkenhauer, J. Kraus, M. Stamm, D. Smilgies, W. Petry, "Solvent-induced Surface Morphology of Thin Polymer Films", Macromolecules 34, 1369 (2001).crystalline organic thin filmsD.-M. Smilgies, N. Boudet, B. Struth, Y. Yamada, and H. Yanagi: " Highly-Oriented Films of Aromatic Molecules for Applications in Molecular Electronics", ESRF Highlights 1999.D.-M. Smilgies, N. Boudet, B. Struth, Y. Yamada, and H. Yanagi. “Highly oriented POPOP films grown on the KCl(001) surface”, J. Cryst. Growth 220, 88-95 (2000).E.J. Kintzel, Jr., D.-M. Smilgies, J.G. Skofronick, S.A. Safron, D.H. Van Winkle, T.W. Trelenberg, E.A. Akhadov, andF.A. Flaherty: “Investigation of the initial growth of the aromatic molecule p-quaterphenyl on NaCl(001) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., accepted.B. Krause, A.C. Dürr, K.A. Ritley, F. Schreiber, H. Dosch, andD. Smilgies: “On the coexistence of different polymorphs in organic epitaxy: α and β phase of PTCDA on Ag(111)”, submitted.nanostructuresIngo Kegel, T.H. Metzger, J. Peisl, J. Stangl, G. Bauer, D.-M. Smilgies: "Vertical Alignment of Multilayered Quantum Dots Studied by X-Ray Grazing-Incidence Diffraction", Phys. Rev. B 60, 2516 (1999).J. Stangl, T, Roch, V. Holy, M. Pinczolits, G. Springholz, G. Bauer, I. Kegel, T.H. Metzger, J. Zhu, K. Brunner, G. Abstreiter, D. Smilgies, "Strain-induced Self-organized Growth of Nanostructures - from Step Bunching to Ordering in Quantum Dot Superlattices", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18 (4), 2187-2192 (2000).T.H. Metzger, I. Kegel, J. Stangl, G. Bauer, and D. Smilgies, “ “Nano-tomography” on self-assembled quantum dots”, ESRF Highlights 2000, 43-45.Troika II – Invited TalksD. Smilgies: “Structure of Thin Organic Films Studied with Synchrotron X-ray Scatter ing Techniques”, presented at: European Research Conferences, Series Fundamental Aspects of Surface Science: Structure and Dynamics of Organic and Biological Molecules at Interfaces, Castelvecchio Pastoli, Italy, September 3-8, 1999.Workshops“Surface Science 2000: Self-organization at interfaces and in thin films”, organized by D. Smilgies, J.-F. Legrand, S. Ferrer, and R. Felici, ESRF, Grenoble, France, February 11-12, 2000; see D. Smilgies: “Workshop on Surface Science at the ESRF”, Synchrotron Radi ation News 13, 14 (2000).Other papers based on measurements at the Troika II beamlineduring 4/1998 and 5/2000C. A. Lucas: “Atomic structure at the electrochemical interface”, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 32, A198 (1999).N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P.N. Ross: “Electrooxidation of CO and H2/CO mixtures on Pt(111) in acidic solutions”, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 487 (1999).J. Stangl, V. Holy, P. Mikulic, G. Bauer, I. Kegel, T.H. Metzger, O.G. Schmidt, C. Lange, K. Eberl: “Self-assembled carbon-induced germanium quantum dots studied by grazing-incidence small-angle scattering”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3785 (1999).V. Holy, J. Stangl, G. Springholz, M. Pinczolits, G. Bauer, I. Kegel, T.H. Metzger: “Lateral and vertical ordering of self-assembled PbSe quantum dots studied by high-resolution x-ray diffraction”, Physica B 283, 65 (2000).I,Kegel, T.H. Metzger, A. Lorke, J.Peisl, J. Stangl, G. Bauer, J.M. Garcia, and P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1694 (2000).I.Kegel, T.H. Metzger, A. Lorke, J.Peisl, J. Stangl, G. Bauer, K. Nordlund, W.V. Schoenfeld, and P.M. Petroff, Phys. Rev. B. B 63, 035318 (2001).Z. Kovats, T.H. Metzger, J. Peisl, J. Stangl, M. Mühlberger, Y. Zhuang, F.Schäffler, and G. Bauer, “Investigation of -SiC precipitation in Si1-y C y epilayers by x-ray scattering at grazing incidence”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3409 (2000).J. Stangl, T. Roch, G. Bauer, I. Kegel, T.H. Metzger, O.G. Schmidt, K. Eberl, O. Kienzle, and F. Ernst: “Vertical correlation of SiGe is lands in SiGe/Sisuperlattices: X-ray diffraction versus transmission electron microscopy”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3953 (2000).。