高考语法复习:时态语态、主谓一致
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专题05动词的时态、语态和主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
2023年高考真题1.【2023年全国乙卷】____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by theco-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。
►第07讲谓语动词的时态和语态和主谓一致(讲义)【复习目标】掌握时态和语态的结构和基本用法熟练运用时间状语以及上下文确定动词的时态和语态掌握一些固定句式中时态和语态的用法牢记“4”原则来解决时态问题并运用逻辑方法解决语态问题掌握主谓一致“3”原则【考情分析】近年高考真题谓语动词考点细目表近五年谓语动词题型命题规律谓语动词的时态、语态是历年高考的必考点。
高考中主要考查大纲要求的八种时态及其被动语态。
对时态的考查以“情景立意”为主,重在考查学生在具体语境下运用各种时态的能力。
动词时态:以现在时、过去时和完成时的考查为主,语态的考查主要集中在和时态的综合情景运用及特殊用法上。
被动语态:重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
主谓一致:掌握语法一致、就近原则和意义一致原则。
在解题中应当把握各种时态的特点,注意易混淆时态间的差异;准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义,捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息;要克服汉语式的惯性思维,排除误导,培养发散性思维。
【网络构建】一般现在时do/does,(连系动词is/am/are)am/is/are done 一般过去时did,(连系动词was/were)was/were done一般将来时shall/will dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to doshall/will be doneis/am/are going to be doneis/am/are(about)to be done现在进行时is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时will be doing无相应的被动语态现在完成时has/have done have/has been done 过去完成时had done had been done 将来完成时will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing无相应的被动语态过去完成进行时had been doing无相应的被动语态过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to dowould/should be donewas/were going to be donewas/were(about)to be doneNo. 1 一般现在时构成:一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加s或es,其变化规则如下表所示:情况规则例词一般情况加-s eat→eats, rise→rises以s, sh, ch, x,o, z结尾的动词加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i加-es carry→carries;fly→flies注意:be的变化:am, is, are。
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多,但考向非常集中,最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时,其次是现在完成时,其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是:①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2.进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
第05讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致(讲)【考纲考情】谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致是历年高考的必考点也是高考的重点。
高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时,将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。
主谓一致通常考查语法一致、就近一致和意义一致原则。
应特别注意:要把握各种时态的特点,注意易混淆时态间的差异;准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义,捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息;要克服汉语式的惯性思维,排除误导,培养发散性思维。
谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空,改错题和书面表达中。
【考点梳理】谓语动词时态和语态的构成时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/does,(连系动词is/am/are)am/is/are done一般过去时did,(连系动词was/were)was/were done一般将来时shall/will dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to doshall/will be doneis/am/are going to be doneis/am/are(about)to be done现在进行时is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 将来进行时will be doing没有相应的被动语态现在完成时has/have done have/has been done 过去完成时had done had been done将来完成时will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时has/have been doing没有相应的被动语态过去完成进行时had been doing没有相应的被动语态过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to dowould/should be donewas/were going to be donewas/were(about)to be done一、动词时态的一般体一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态;过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。
题型11 语法填空谓语动词考点解读英语时态在新高考中重点考查的有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时。
时态经常和语态、主谓一致同时考查,这样就增加了考试的难度。
判断技巧解题的难点:在于判断设空处属于谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
若句中无谓语动词,或虽然有谓语动词,但设空处谓语动词与之构成并列关系,既有并列连词and, but, or等,则考虑设空处做谓语。
解题的重点:在判断句子的时态时一定要看准时间状语和表示时间概念的副词(短语)。
【典例1】(2023年新高考英语全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.【答案】wished【模板】按照一般过去时的时间状语使用模板可知。
【解析】考查动词时态。
句意:在我还是一个小女孩时,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
根据从句中的时态来判断,这里也应该用过去时。
故填wished。
【典例2】(广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考10月试题)Maxwell’s worldwide walk wasn’t easy. She heard gunshots while camping in Turkey and (attack) in her tent in Mongolia. Still, she continued to walk. 【答案】was attacked【模板】1.按照模板时态第2条并列关系可知时态。
2.根据语境确定主语应当是“被攻击”,故被动语态;【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。
句意:她在土耳其露营时听到枪声,在蒙古的帐篷里遭到袭击。
句子在描述过去发生的事情,且句子主语she是单数第三人称,和谓语动词attack之间是被动关系,是一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was attacked。
【典例3】(江苏省南京外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题)Last November, traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China (add) to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.【答案】were added【模板】1.根据时态模板第一条时态标志词last November确定时态。
时态语态复习1.Now we can't do without the Internet.But no one could imagine the part it _____ in our daily life 20 years ago.()A.was to play B.had playedC.played D.plays2.The truth,Sir,is that the old man____ across the street when my car hit him.()A.was to walk B.had been walkingC.walked D.was walking3.Dark clouds are gathering.It _____ rain.()A.will B.is toC.should D.is going to4.﹣I thought I asked you to fix the radio.﹣Oh,I'm sorry.I forgot,Madam.I ______ it right away.()A.am to do B.will doC.was about to do D.am going to do5.﹣How do you like the dance track Gangnam Style?﹣Wonderful.It______ more than one billion views since it was posted in July.()A.gains B.gained C.has gained D.had gained6.E﹣mail,as well as telephones,an important part in daily communication.()A.is playing B.have playedC.was playing D.play7.I was sent to the village last month to see how they ________ the development plan in the past few years.()A.had been carrying outB.would carry outC.are carrying outD.have carried out8.Look! I ________ that my daughter could design those fantastic moves and dance that well.What a pleasant surprise!()A.haven't expected B.don't expectC.didn't expect D.am not expecting9.﹣Hi,Tom! Do you know where Lily is?I can find her nowhere.﹣She ________ experiment in the lab this morning,but I don't know if she is still there.()A.did B.was doingC.had done D.has been doing10.The number of Chinese tourists to Antarctica ________ since 2007.Therefore,it's time the central government took some effective measures to promote responsible tourism.()A.have increased B.is increasedC.are increasing D.has been increasing11.﹣How much do you know about the trade war between China and America?﹣Well,the newspapers ________ it in the past few weeks.()A.report B.will reportC.reported D.have been reporting12.Going to the cinema tonight?No,I'm tired.I _____ an early night.()A.am having B.hadC.will have had D.have13.You'd better not phone our manager from three to four this afternoon;he ___________for a meeting then.()A.will be preparing B.will prepareC.is preparing D.prepares14.My brother and some of his classmates ________ as volunteers to help the elderly in the old﹣age home during the winter holiday to come.()A.worked B.will be workingC.are working D.have been working15.﹣Can I make an appointment with Mr.Smith at 3:00this afternoon?﹣Sorry,but at that time he ________ to Russia for the World Cup.()A.flew B.fliesC.will be flying D.was flying16.T om ________ for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _______ a goal.()A.has hesitated;wouldn't have scoredB.hesitated;would scoreC.has hesitated;wouldn't scoreD.hesitated;would have scored17.﹣Have you done this job for a long time?﹣Since I _____ from the university.()A.have graduated B.graduateC.graduated D.had graduated18.The latest statistics ________ the number of books published on this subject is quite large.()A.suggests B.suggestC.is suggesting D.are suggesting19.It is wrong for Japan to set foot on the Diaoyu Island because it _______ China forever.()A.belongs B.is belongedC.belongs to D.is belonged to20.I ________ my final exam at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon,so I can't play basketball with you.()A.will take B.am takingC.will be taking D.take21.All of the things you once did have self lives.The longer you live,the more of them die,increasing the weight of time that ______ through your fingers.()A.flows B.is flowing C.flowed D.has flowed22.If you can do these things by the time you ________ college,you'll do well in the test of college life.()A.will go to B.went toC.go to D.have gone to23.Tom told the teacher that he writing the essay the day before except for the conclusion.()A.almost finished B.has almost finishedC.had almost finished D.was almost finishing24.﹣Haven't seen you for hours! Where have you been?﹣Oh,I ________ in the library,reading an interesting book.()A.had stayed B.stayedC.have stayed D.stay25.Next week,the professor_____to Nanjing for a three﹣day meeting.A.has flown B.will be flyingC.is flying D.would fly26.Hong Kong﹣Zhuhai﹣Macao Bridge,which ________ enough steel to build 60 Eiffel Towers,is considered a miracle in the history of bridge architecture.()A.contains B.has containedC.contained D.is containing27.﹣Mr.Smiths is not in the office at present.﹣All right.I him later.()A.visit B.have visitedC.will visit D.will be visiting28.﹣It is getting warmer and warmer.Time to put away our gloves and boots.﹣That's great.I ________ this for months.()A.expect B.had expectedC.expected D.have been expecting29.Our self﹣developed large passenger plane 730 orders and more orders are on the way.()A.received B.receivesC.had received D.has received30.My foreign teacher Jack is a kung fu fan.He Tai Chi since he came to Beijing.()A.has been practicing B.practicedC.practices D.was practicing31.﹣Are you still busy?﹣Yes,I ___my work,and it won't last long.()A.just finishingB.have just finishedC.am just finishingD.am just going to finish32.﹣Hi,Jane! Mr.White said that you ________ attend a conference in Beijing the next week.﹣Really?That's great news for me!()A.will B.are going toC.were to D.were about to33.It disappoints the specialists that Canada is faced with the similar problem as the Internet meant to bring people closer to set them apart.()A.beginning B.begun C.begins D.had begun34.﹣Home school in the U.S.has become a multi﹣million dollar industry.﹣Couldn't agree more.And it ______,which is expected to reach a new high.()A.grew B.was growingC.is growing D.had grown35.My interest in the stamp collection ______ back to my schooldays.()A.dates B.dated C.is dated D.was dated36.I have a serious headache,for I ________ too long.()A.read B.am readingC.had read D.have been reading37.She us by she was leaving.()A.astonishing;saying B.was astonished;sayC.was astonishing;say D.astonished;saying38.It has been confirmed that the meeting next week.()A.will take place B.will be taken placeC.took place D.has been taken place39.﹣Tony is on cloud nine and he smiles at everyone.﹣So you if you come first in the competition.()A.do B.are C.would D.will40.﹣I heard you would go to Dalian for your holiday?﹣I ,but I have some important business to deal with.()A.would like B.wanted C.was eager D.planned to41.﹣To our relief,rescue work is under way in the quake﹣hit area in Mexico.﹣Yes,volunteers are helping to distribute the donated provisions that _______.()A.were pouring in B.have been pouring inC.are poured in D.had been poured in42.﹣Hello.Is Tom there?﹣Hold on,please.I ________ if I can find him for you.()A.would see B.see C.have seen D.will see43.The police the lost child everywhere when he suddenly turned up in a supermarket.()A.searched B.searched forC.was searching D.were searching for44.﹣Pity you missed the party held last night.It was terrific!﹣I would have attended it but I busy taking care of my sick mother.()A.was B.were C.had been D.am45.﹣Shall we go to an Indian restaurant or an Indonesian restaurant?﹣Neither.Let's go to an Italian restaurant.They ________ the best specials of the year.()A.are having B.have C.had had D.have had46.I would have gone to visit him in the hotel had it been at all possible,but I ________ fully occupied.()A.were B.had been C.have been D.was47.﹣What have you been doing since we from Northwest University?﹣I've been doing business.()A.graduated B.have graduatedC.had graduated D.graduate48.In the past six years,Nadia Lalak environment﹣centered stories for school children.()A.has been writing B.is writingC.will be writing D.have writ ten49.Emma ___________ for Shenzhen by plane at 3 this afternoon.It is half past two now.Her brother John _______ her off.()A.will leave,was seeingB.is leaving,is seeingC.is leaving,seesD.will leave,is seeing50.In order to find the missing child,villagers all they can over the past five hours.()A.did B.do C.had done D.have done时态语态补充题主谓一致1.He has been suspected of taking government funds for himself and ___________ by the police.()A.is being investigatedB.was investigatedC.is investigatingD.has investigated2.The ancient Olympic Games at Olympia in Greece every four years,for almost 12 centuries,from the year 776BC until AD 394.()A.were held B.have been heldC.had been held D.would be held3.Steve Kerr,Golden State Warriors coach,as well as his team,________ soon after the last game of 2018NBA Finals.()A.were interviewed B.was interviewedC.has interviewed D.have interviewed4.The life﹣saving drug invented in 1897,which ________ aspirin,has helped increase the standard of people's health greatly.()A.was called B.is calledC.has ben called D.had been called5.The villager is convinced that those foreign tourists will turn back because that road _______.()A.has repaired B.is repairedC.has been repaired D.is being repaired6.﹣Do you know anything about the Youth Olympic Games?﹣Of course I do.I also know they ________ in 2014 in Nanjing,China.()A.will hold B.will be heldC.have held D.are held7.When he turned professional at the age of 11,Mike ______ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.()A.expected B.was expectingC.was expected D.would be expected8.I didn't realize that our conversation ____.()A.had recorded B.is being recordedC.was being recorded D.has been recorded ﹣9.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _____success in the end.()A.have been rewarded B.were rewardedC.will rewarded D.will be rewarded10.﹣Did you enjoy yourself at the party?﹣Yes,I by the hostess.()A.was treated B.would be treatedC.treated D.had treated11.The woman murdered her friend and to .()A.was sentenced,death B.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,death D.sentenced,die12.In 1620,about half the USA forests.()A.was covered B.covered withC.were filled with D.was covered with13.The committee is discussing the problem right now.Hopefully it __ by the end of next week.()A.will have been solvedB.will have solvedC.will be solvedD.is solved14.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.()A.be given B.has been givenC.will be given D.will give15.I into Nanjing University in 2016,and then majored in math.()A.was admitting B.was admittedC.admitted D.have been admitted16.Unluckily,my classmates and I went to the nearby library to read books last Sunday,only to be told that it ________.()A.is decorated B.was being decoratedC.is being decorated D.was decorated17.David ran away from home because of a quarrel with his father in 2008 and _____ ever since.()A.wasn't heard of B.hasn't heard ofC.hasn't been heard of D.hadn't heard of18.He ________the shop while the manager was away.()A.was left in charge ofB.left in charge ofC.was left in the charge ofD.left in the charge of19.He was a bit nervous,for he _______ on before.()A.had never been operatedB.has never been operatedC.has never operatedD.never operate20.Mrs.White was very excited to know that her son _________ a position in that big company.()A.has offered B.had offeredC.has been offered D.had been offered21.Meat _______ out in this shop.We can _________ now.()A.have been sold,get nothingB.has been sold,get nothingC.has been sold,get someD.have been sold,get some22.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.()A.have told;washesB.have been told;washesC.was told;washedD.have been told;is washed23.After the horrible earthquake hit the country,much importance to the prevention of the earthquake so far.()A.was attached B.has been attachedC.is paid D.has been provided24.By the end of the next seminar,many issues like the development in biochemistry and medicine______.()A.will discussB.will be discussingC.will be discussedD.will have been discussed25.﹣It's the 4th time that the Chinese astronauts (宇航员)_____ into space by Shenzhou spacecrafts.﹣What great achievements(成就)! It's years since we Chinese dreamed of that.()A.have been sent B.were sentC.had been sent D.have sent26.﹣Has James arrived at the hotel?﹣No,he _________ by dozens of reporters at the airport.()A.has interviewed B.would interviewC.was interviewed D.is being interviewed27.New energy vehicle﹣sharing projects ________ in dozens of cities across the country,which is expected to fuel China's sharing economy in the next few years.()A.were carried outB.will be carried outC.are being carried outD.had been carried out28.﹣Have you heard of yesterday's gas explosion?﹣Yes.Only two of the 35 miners at the scene ________ to have made it out safely.()A.have thought B.are thoughtC.had thought D.were thought29.8students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17﹣year﹣student armed with a shotgun and a pistol.This is one of the many gun﹣related tragedies that have happened in the last2 years.()A.killed B.were killedC.have killed D.have been killed30.With food and drink broken down into their smallest parts,substances known as nutrients ________ into the blood.()A.will absorb B.will be absorbedC.would absorb D.would be absorbed31.In all his life,Dickens wrote a large number of excellent novels,some of which ______ still popular.()A.are B.is C.were D.was32.Neither the museum nor the library_________ attractive to her.()A.seem B.is seemingC.are seeming D.seems33.T oday we are very glad to invite the famous teacher and writer who ________ a great many books.()A.have made out B.has put outC.have reached out D.has watched out34.The ruins of the ancient city of great cultural value and should be preserved for research in the future.()A.is B.are C.was D.were35.The father as well as his three sons__________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.()A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going36.Zheng Yuanjie,a famous Chinese children's book writer,wrote many fairy tales,some of which published in the 1990s.()A.are B.is C.was D.were37.I think everyone London,although neither the weather nor the food good here.()A.like,is B.likes,are C.like,are D.likes,is38.Last night,either the guides or one of the team leaders ________ looking after the injured students.()A.are B.were C.is D.was39.The police the people who catch thieves and robbers.()A.is B.are C.was D.be40.All we need ________ a piece of advice on how we can improve our time management.()A.are B.is C.were D.was41.About 60 percent of the students ______ from the south,the rest of them _______from the north and foreign countries.()A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is42.The teachers along with the students_________discussing the Reading Skills that was newly published in America in the classroom now.()A.are B.were C.is D.was43.Such films _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.()A.that was,is B.as were,areC.as were,is D.those were,are44.Many a student in the class ________ that Jack is the only one of the students who ________the chance to attend a key university.()A.thinks;has B.think;haveC.think;has D.thinks;have45.Every student as well as teachers who __ to visit the museum __ asked to be at the school gate on time.()A.is ,is B.are ,are C.is ,are D.are,is46.Because two﹣thirds of the country dry and deserted,today about 85% of the Australian population in the six major cities around the coast.()A.is;live B.is;lives C.are;lives D.are;live47.Have you been aware _______under the tree ________ a scholar and two assistants.()A.that;are B.that;is C.of;are D.of;is48.Your donation greatly appreciated and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.()A.has been B.is C.was D.had been49.Written in a hurry,____________.How can it be satisfactory?()A.they found many mistakes in the reportB.Sam made lots of mistakes in the reportC.there are many mistakes in the reportD.the report is full of mistakes50.The living expenses for raising a baby around 50,000 yuan a year,which a heavy burden for some families.()A.is;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is时态语态复习1.A;2.D;3.D;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.A;8.C;9.B;10.D;11.D;12.A;13.A;14.B;15.C;16.D;17.C;18.A;19.C;20.C;21.D;22.C;23.C;24.B;25.C;26.A;27.C;28.D;29.D;30.A;31.D;32.C;33.C;34.C;35.A;36.D;37.D;38.A;39.D;40.D;41.B;42.D;43.D;44.A;45.A;46.D;47.A;48.A;49.B;50.D;时态语态补充题主谓一致1.A;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.D;6.B;7.C;8.C;9.D;10.A;11.A;12.D;13.A;14.C;15.B;16.B;17.C;18.A;19.A;20.D;21.B;22.B;23.B;24.D;25.A;26.D;27.C;28.B;29.B;30.B;31.A;32.D;33.B;34.A;35.C;36.D;37.D;38.D;39.B;40.B;41.B;42.A;43.B;44.A;45.D;46.A;47.A;48.B;49.D;50.D;。