安美特++电镀基础知识培训
- 格式：pps
- 大小：8.52 MB
- 文档页数：323
Atotech (China) Chemicals Ltd.SH安美特上海青浦分公司
PRESENTS
ELECTROPLATING
TRAINING
电镀培训OUTLINE内容提要
INTRODUCTION介绍
ELECTROCHEMISTRY电化学
CLEANING & PREPLATE 清洗及预镀NICKEL 镍
Copper 铜
DECORATIVE CHROMIUM装饰铬TESTING测试
FILTRATION 过滤TROUBLE SHOOTING故障处理WHAT IS ELECTROPLATING ?什么是电镀？
THE DEPOSITION OF A METALLIC
COATING UPON A NEGATIVELY
CHARGED CATHODE BY THE
PASSING OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
在电流通过时，有金属层沉积在带负电荷
的阴极表面.WHAT IS THE PURPOSE ?电镀的目的是什么？
TO OBTAIN A METALLIC COATING
HAVING CERTAIN PROPERTIES SUCH
AS HARDNESS, BRIGHTNESS,
CORROSION RESISTANCE AND TO
REPRODUCE IDENTICAL FORMS IN
ELECTROFORMING.
是为了得到具有某种特性的金属层，如：硬
度、光亮度、耐腐性及在电铸方面复制同样的形状.REQUIREMENTS要求
SOURCE OF DIRECT CURRENT直流电源
A PLATING TANK电镀槽
A SOLUTION CONTAINING THE DISSOLVED SALTS OF THE METAL TO BE PLATED含有待镀的可溶性金属盐的溶液
ANODE( POSITIVE ELECTRODE )阳极（正电极）
A PREPARED OBJECT -CATHODE ( NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ) 准备好的待镀工件--阴极（负电极）WHAT IS DIRECT CURRENT ?何为直流电？
THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS IN THE SAME
DIRECTION BETWEEN POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE ELECTRODES
在正负电极之间电子向同样的方向移动.WHAT IS A PLATING SOLUTION ?电镀液是什么？
A CONDUCTING MEDIUM FOR THE
MOVEMENT OF METAL IONS IN
SOLUTION BETWEEN AN ANODE AND
A CATHODE
溶液中在阳极与阴极间金属离子移动的导电
介质.WHAT IS pH ?什么是pH值？
THE MEASUREMENT OF ACIDITY OR ALKALINITY
用来度量酸碱度的
ON A SCALE FROM 0 TO 14
pH值的范围处于0-14之间
0 TO 6.9 BEING ACIDIC AND7.1 TO 14 ALKALINE AND 7.0 BEING NEUTRAL.
小于7的为酸性，大于7且小于等于14的为碱性，7.0为中性HOW ARE PLATING SOLUTION MAINTAINED ?如何维护电镀液？
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTITUENTS
持续的化学分析
HULL CELL PLATING TESTS赫氏槽电镀测试
ADDITION OF CHEMICALS添加化学品
ELIMINATION OF CONTAMINANTS去除污染物
PERIODIC PURIFICATION定期净化
REGULAR INSPECTION OF PARTS FOR DEFECTS
缺陷/次品的常规检查
PHYSICAL TESTING物理测试WHAT IS A METAL ION ?什么是金属离子？
A METAL ION IS AN ATOM OF A METAL
HAVING A POSITIVE ELECTRICAL
CHARGE
金属离子是带正电荷的金属原子(失去电子) WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF METAL IONS ?金属离子来自何处？
METAL SALTS IN PLATING SOLUTION
电镀液中的金属盐
SOLUBLE METAL ANODES
可溶性的金属阳极WHAT ARE ANODE BAGS ?什么是阳极袋？
ANODE BAGS ARE POROUS MEMBRANES PLACED AROUND ANODES TO COLLECT SLUDGE FORMING ON THE DISSOLVING ANODE
阳极袋是包扎在阳极外面,会将电镀过程中产生的阳极泥收集在袋内的多孔的袋。
Basic ELECTROCHEMISTRY
基本的电化学理论ELECTROCHEMISTRY电化学Plating Cell
电镀槽
Ni++Ni++
Cl-Cl-++_Rectifier整流器
ANODE阳极CATHODE阴极ANODE阳极CATHODE REACTIONS 阴极反应Cathode 阴极
Reduction of ions离子还原反应
Draw electrons from the external circuit从
外部电路中吸收电子
TYPICAL REACTION 典型的反应
Ni++ + 2e-Ni (metal 金属)
2H++ 2e-H24H2O + 4e-2H2+ 4(OH)-ANODE REACTIONS 阳极反应Anode 阳极
Oxidation of metal to ions 金属氧化成阳离
子
Release of electrons to external circuit 将
电子释放至外部电路
TYPICAL REACTION 典型的反应Ni Ni++ + 2e-4OH-O2+ 2H2O + 4e-
2H2O O2+ 4H++ 4e-RATE OF CURRENT FLOW 电流速率
Ohm’s Law 欧姆定律
Amperes安培= Volts 伏特
Ohms 欧姆
I 电流= E 电压
R 电阻FARADAY’S LAW 法拉第定律
Factors 要素
Amperes 安培
Time 时间
Equivalent Weight of Metal 金属当量FARADAY’S LAW 法拉第定律
One ampere flowing for one second
represents one coulomb. Faraday’ law states
that 96,500 coulombs (one Faraday) will
deposit one gram equivalent weight of a
metal. Equivalent weight is the atomic weight
of the metal divided by it’s valence.
1安培的电流1秒的时间通过的电量等于1库仑。
法拉第定律：1个法拉第即96,500库仑的电量可以
沉积1克当量的金属。克当量是金属的原子量除以
它的化合价.FARADAY’S LAW 法拉第定律weight of metal deposited沉积的金属重量
96,500 Coulombs Deposit At. Wt. = grams
96,500库仑的镀层ValenceWEIGHT OF NICKEL PLATED电镀镍的重量
KNOWN FACTORS已知的条件
Current 电流= 50 amps安培
Time 时间= 15 mins分钟
原子量At. Wt. Ni = 58.7 Valence = 化合价, 2 价
CALCULATION 计算96,500= 45,000X = 13.7 GRAMS 克58.7x grams
2CALCULATING THICKNESS FROM WEIGHT从重量计算厚度Thickness = WT1um=10 -4 cm
density x area1mil = 25. 4 umEXAMPLE :
wt = 0.136 grams
. Density of Ni = 8.9
Area = 4 cm2Thickness =0.136
8.9 x 4Answer = 1.5 milsCURRENT IN CELL电镀槽中的电流
Anode阳极-e = cathode阴极+e
Anode阳极-e = corrosion溶解-e + Oxygen氧-e
Cathode阴极+e = plating所镀金属+e+ hydrogen氢+e
The exchange of electrons at the anode
and the cathode or the total flow of current
at each electrode is always equal.
电子在阳极和阴极上交换,在阴阳极上流动的电
流总是相等的。DEPOSITION WITH H 2LIBERATION伴随着氢气释放的沉积
NET RESULT最终的结果
1.Cathode Efficiency Reduced阴极电流效率的降低
2.pH Increased pH值升高
Anode阳极Cathode阴极Ni+2Ni+22H+H2PLATING EFFICIENCY ANDTIME OF PLATING电镀效率和电镀时间
% Efficiency效率=Actual Ni Plated实际镀的镍X 100
Theoretical (Faraday’s Law )
理论的（法拉第定律）
