keytoexercises

Key to Exercises and Chinese Translation of Texts （5-8）《实用医学英语教程》练习答案与课文参考译文Unit 5 The Respiratory SystemPart OneSituational Dialoguesabdominal; hurt ; temperature; urine; ultrasound; intravenousPart TwoText AI. Text Comprehension1.The narrowest airways are one fiftieth of an inch across.2.Because it shares space with the heart in the left side of the chest.3.They look like bunches of grapes.4.The bony cage is formed by the breastbone (sternum), ribs, and spine.5.The walls of the alveoli and of the surrounding capillaries are only one cell thick and are invery close contact with each other. Oxygen passes easily through the thin walls of the alveoli and into the blood in the capillaries.II. Vocabulary1. D2. A3. B4. C5. DText BI．Text Comprehension1.Emphysema is characterized by irreversible changes, whereby the elastic properties of thelings, particularly of the alveoli, are reduced.2.Air pollution, heavy cigarette smoking and conditions that result in severe scarring of thelungs, such as silicosis and chronic bronchitis.3.Exhaling.4.Because of the difficulty in removing secretions by coughing, mucous secretions build up,become thicker, and are even more difficult to expel. Most of these patients breathe through the mouth, which further contributes to the drying of secretions and the creation of hard, thick plugs of mucus.5.Because the circulatory and respiratory systems are totally dependent on each other.II. Word Formation1.牙槽切开术粘蛋白酶牙槽牙的粘液囊肿牙槽突点粘性细胞牙槽炎粘蛋白原牙槽鼻的粘液性结肠炎2. 胃镜检查子宫镜检查喉镜检查胸腔镜检查X线检查眼底镜检查3. X线照相术X线学家X线学X线治疗X线量测定器X线病III. Translation1.Air pollution plays a role in then cause of the rapid growth of the emphysematous patients.2.Emphysema, which is a respiratory disease, is like chronic bronchitis in many ways.3.Emphysema plays a definite role in the cor pulmonate because the circulatory and respiratorysystems are so totally dependent on each other.4.Emphysematous patients have to bring the muscles of the neck and shoulders into play in aneffort to breathe.5. As the disease progresses, emphysematous patients have to force the more air trapped in thelungs out.Part ThreeWriting SkillsI. Combine the sentences according to the model.Group 1Many of the reflexes, which make it possible for the human being to adjust himself to the environment, begin as sensory impulses from the skin.Group 2These cells live a much shorter time than most other cells of the body, some of which last a life time.Group 3If protoplasm could not reproduce, a man might eventually be without the outer layer of his skin. The cells of which must continuously be replaced as a result of constant shedding.Group 4The latter test emphasizes that the peripheral airways are "silent" zones, where considerable airway disease and obstruction may exist without signs or symptoms.II. Choose the proper transition to complete each sentence.1) Furthermore, 2) In summary, 3) however, 4) as a resultIII. Make the following parallel:1) Usually, the presence of fever is due to an infection, though there can be many other causes,such as malignancies, brain injuries, toxic reactions and reactions to vaccines, and diseases involving the central nervous system may cause fever.2) Repeated hemorrhages from piles (hemorrhoids), excessive menstrual flow, and various types of ulceration in the stomach or bowel may be causes of chronic bleeding.3) Three kinds of pulmonary complications are well-recognized: influenza viral pneumonia,secondary bacterial pneumonia, and mixed viral and bacterial pneumonia.参考译文：呼吸系统呼吸系统从鼻子和嘴开始,延续到航空公司到肺部,在那里外界的氧气与人体组织呼出的二氧化碳进行交换。

Key toexercisesUnit1Preview1.Listentothe recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following sentences.1.. aim/purpose; training;practical/professional skills; technical training;universities2..graduateschool;Shakespeare’s p lays; be apharmacist3. makingaliving;keephimself;hisfamily;expose;ideas4.waking;average;aliving;allabout5. in dang er; m echanized savages; push-buttonNeanderthals6. have left us; peculiar accom plishments;species7.. center;storehouse8.. sarcastic;humorous2.R ead the text for better comprehension a nd a nswerthequestions,paying special a ttention to the par ts in boldtype.1)It m e a ns a nnoyi n g experiences, t ou g h pro blems or failures.2)The y must have finishe d their graduat e s t udie s w i th a n advanc e d d e gr e eli keaPhD.3)Itsimplymeans?one of thestudents?.Theword?body?here meansthewholegroupofstudents.Becausethestudentisthinandtall.Itismeanttobe humorous rather thaninsulting.4)He t ea ches Englishliterature.5)Byus i ngt helike t h e c our s word?s t u f f?,h eshowshisdislikefor t he c ou r se ve r y clea r ly.Hedoesn’ｔebe c ausehethinksitis us e l ess forhisplanned career.6)Wecanassumethathedoesnotthinkitnecessarytowastemoneyonthe books since heintends to drop thecourse.7)The latter. It is a humorous way of referring to a certain type of people.8)He is talking about the Pharmacy School. He is being sarcasticwhenhecallsit?a DrugstoreMechanicsSchool?Itmeans?技工？.9)He is talking about the diploma for university orcollegegraduates.He has in mind people like what the student wants tobe:pharmacists.10)Itmeans?havingbeenintroduced to theideasdevelopedorproduced throughouthistory.11)It refers to his effort to convince thestudent.12)?Hold?hereisanintransitiveverbmeaning?remaintrue?.Itisoftenuseda sase t phrase?hol dtrue?.13)Itmeans?thingsofthesamekind?.诸如此类14)We call it the fut ure c on tinuou s t e ns e. It i s used for ongoin g future ac t ions.15)He is saying here that you will make sure that the medicineyou make will not be mixed with poison if you are trained as a pharmacist;thatthehousesyoubuildwillsuccessfullykeepoutbullsifyourchosenjobise ngineering;and t h at yo ur client w i l l not be sentenc ed to d eat h b e cause you a re inc om petent if you want to b e al a wyer.16)T he s e are a ll us eful things to d o…　a nd raises/bri n g s up your c hildren.17)InformalEnglish,?may?is usedtoexpress ahopeorwish.Moreexamples:Mayourcountrybeprosperousandourpeoplehappy.May peacefina l lypr e vail.Note: suf fi ce (be s uff i cient) It is formal for hu m orouseffect.18)民主的思想家. Will you be heading a family that is familiar withthegreatdemocratic ideas in past history?19)He meansthetallstudent.?Pest?is oftenused to refer to anannoying person especially achild.20)No. H e means that he i s a i ming to m ak e m oney. T hat i s hispurpos e forcoming toschool.21)…you’regoi n gto ha vetroublefi n dingsometh i ngt od owhen you arenot spending money.22)…ｔhenyoushouldn’tgotocollege.Youhavenoreasontogotocollege.23)Heissayingherethatyoungpeoplemaybecomesavagesliketheancientpe opl ew ho lived 35,000 t o 130,000 yea rs a go although t h ey c annowpushbut t onsa ndu semachi n e s,hence, a ?n ew s p ec i es?.24)Ourcoll e g e sareboundtoprod uc eso m estude nt softhi s ki nd.H e i sver ysarcasticabout these people and thinks that they are not truly educatedandcivilizedastheyshouldbetoday.Thereforeheusestheexpression:?such li feforms?. Note alsothattheword?graduate?is usedas a transitiveverbhere.25)We are talking about how ideas or concepts are developedandhowimportant they are in the evolution of the human species. Animalsliveby instinct. Only human beings are able to formulate ideas such aslove,freedom,democracy,andequality.Theseideasmakeusdifferentfromotherani mals. And we get these ideas from people in the past. That is why readingissoimportant.Manyscholarsmaintainthatwithoutreadingwe do n’ｔknowhow tothink.Thereare,however,peoplewhoemphasizetheimportanceofdirect experienceSometimestheyevengoas far as to maintain .Theysaythat‘Doing isalsolearning’．that reading may prevent us from creativethinking.26)The fact that we have the faculty means that…Vocabulary1.D o t he f ollowing exercises on wor d f or mation rules.1)Thefollowingwordsareadjectivesendingwiththesuffixes?-ent?a nd?-a nt,?andtheircorrespondingnounsusuallyendingwith?-ence?a nd?-a nce.?Decide which of the following should be the for mer, and which the latter.1.di f fe r ent2.i nd ependent3.extrava g a n tpetent5.arrogant6.important7.c o nfi de nt8.fra g ra n t9.signifi c ant10.convenient 11.e vident12.i nt e ll i g ent13.re levant14.present15.urgent16.violent17.c ur re n t18.fr e qu en t19.di stantNote: The following words are nouns, not adjectives: accountant;assistant;defendant; dependant;attendant2)Guess the cor r esponding nouns of the following, paying special a ttention totheirpronuncia t ion.1.qua l ifi c ati o n c l arifi c at i onunification notificationclassification identificationintensification justificationsimplif i cation c ert ifi c at i onglori f ication speci fi cat i on2.m o derniz a ti onmechani z ationrealization civilizationglobalization specializationAmericanization industrializationurbanization idealizationcentralization marketizationnationalization privatization3.permission discussionadmission professioncommission confessionremission impressionemission oppressionsubmission compressiontransmission expressionom i s s i on depre s sion3)Giveder i vative s of th e f oll o wi n gwords.1.se ns e: sensitive; s en sible; s en se l ess; sens i bility; ove rs ensitive; ins e ns i tive2.technique: technical; technically;technician;3.special: specially; specialty;specialize4.intellect: intellectual; intelligent;intelligence5.civil: c i vi l ize; c i vi l ization; ci v i l ized;u nc iviliz e d4)T r ans l ate the following i nt o C hi n e s e.1.Many people agree that the increased enrollment is a bigaccomplishment.2.The lack of availability of certified accountants who can meetsuchhighqualifications is still a bigproblem.3.Early specialization is not wise. Students should have a wide exposure toworldculturebe f ore t h eyspeci a lize.4.Strong as we might be some day we must never become a r rogant. We shouldcontinuetopur sue the policy of peaceful co-existence amongnations.powerrestsessentiallywithitsadvanced civilization.5.Itis a penetr a tingthoughtthat a nation’ｓ6.Ourmemoryofpastdisastrousexperiencesisanextremelyimportantspiritualresource.2.Tr anslate the following v er b+noun c oll oc at i ons intoEn g li s h.1)f oldone’sarms2)fold theletter3)acquireknowledge4)generateideas5)g en e ratejobs6)gen e r ate p ow er7)g en e r at e i nte r e s t8)employworkers9)use/employtime10)rear/raiseone’schildren11)rearsheep12)raiseone’sfamily13)raiseone’svoice14)raisetax15)raise thequestion16)maintaincontact17)maintain law andorder18)maintainpeace3.Give the synonyms and antonyms of thefollowing.Synonyms1.re a sona bl y/r athe r/quite2.c l earl y/evi d ently3.tokeep4.toraise5.togain/obtain6.t opr oduce7.t opr ove8.de pa rtment(univers i ty)9.humanity10.drugstore /chemist (英)11.type/example/model/case Antonyms1.una v aila bl e2.m ode s t ly3.general4.unqualified5.uncivilized/savage6.t ounfol d7.unemployed8.incompetence9.insensitive 12.t oent e r/join13.how eve r/but14.sharp/thoughtful15.thinker/intellectual16.toshake/tremble/shiver17.una voidably/ce rt ainly/18.t o s uppos e/presume/thi nk/guess19.t ohel p/ass i st20.strange/odd/unusual/queer21.achievement/success/victory22.specialskillplete the sentences with the expressions listedbelow.1)to see to it; exposedto2)out for; succeedin3)a v e ra gesout4)specializein5)stuckfor6)presideover7)stuck for; see to itthat8)t r ue of9)out to; see to itthat10)have nobusiness5.Fill in the blanks with the r ight wor d or expression in the bracket.1)in making; tofind2)see3)out; of; of;for4)to5)by;for6)Poor as he w a s;put7)for8)in9)believed in;forcing10)physicist;sensitive6.Tr anslate the following sentences intoEnglish.1)It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse.Wemust exposethemtoallsocialproblemsbecauseverysoontheywillbedealingwiththemasresponsible citizens.2)As time goes on we a re inevit a bly g oing t o get more a nd m o re invol v edininte rna ti on alaffairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different viewsandinterests betweennations.3)We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we mustneverbecomearrogant. Otherwise we will lose ourfriends.4)Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the informationofasmalllibrary5)Thatconstructioncompanyisnotqualifiedtohandletheproject. Theydonothaveany legal documentto certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find acompany that specializes in buildingtheatres.6)These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideasandpenetratinganalyses that will be extremely useful for decisionmakers.7)The growthofGDPisnoteverything.Ourcountrycannotbesaidtohavebeen modernizedunlessthequalityofour people’ｓlivesisreallyimprove d.8)Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children,fortherewas clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, andponds; and alot of flowers, trees and birds in thefields.9)Giveabsolutepowertosomeindividualoranyparticulargroupofpeople,andthatperson orgrouparesure to abusethatpowerbecause,justasLordActonsays,?P o w ercorrupts,and abs olute pow erc orr u pt s absol u tely.?10)Traditionallyinourcountryschooleducationwasalwayssaidtobemore importantand usefulcompared with all otherpursuits.Gr ammar1.. Point out how future time is expressed and what concept each futureexpression conveys.Itisfarmorecomplicatedtotalkaboutthefuturethantotalkaboutthepresentandpast.Generally,future time is expressed in these ways.Future a tPresenta)) ?will?asin3):usedtosaysomethingisexpectedtohappen?w illbe doing?as in4):usedtosaythatyouaresurethatsomethingwillhappen becausearrangements have been madeb)?begoingto?:used2),5)tosaythatsomethingwillhappenquitesoonortotalkaboutsb’sintentionsorwhattheyhavedecidedtodoc)?the present progressive?as in10):used to talkaboutsomethingthatwillhappen be c aus eyou have p lann e d or arra n g e ditd)?the s impl e present?asin9):us e d to saythat s om et hi ngwil l de f initely happ en ata particulartime, especially because it has been officiallyarrangedFuture in thePasta)) ?would?asin7):usedtosaywhatyouintendedtodoorexpectedtohappenb)?was/weregoingto?asin1):usedtosaythatsomethingwasexpectedtohappenc)?w a s/were t o do?a s i n6),8):used to t alk a bout so m ething t hat w ouldha ppe nbecause it hadbeen planned orarranged.2.. Learntouse emphasizingcoordinatingconjunctions.1.Point out the gr a mmatical for m each pair of theconjunctionsconnects.Emphasizing coordinating conjunctions connect parts of thesentence that have thesame grammatical form.1)twonouns2)twoadjectives3)two prepositionalphrases4)two infinitivephrases5)two nounphrases6)two nounphrases7)two prepositionalphrases8)two prepositionalphrasesbine each pair of the sentences using the r ight emphasizing coordinatingconjunctions.1)) Theprovinceisstrongbothinindustryandinagriculture./Theprovinceisnot only strong inindustry, but a lso inagriculture.2)) Relief agencies say the immediate problem is not a lack of food, but transportation.3)) Generally, after working for the company for five years, young employees eitherareprom ot ed orleav e.4)) TV programs for children should not only entertain but a lsoteach.5)) Obviously, these children are motivated not by a desire to achieve, but byfearoffailure6)) At present, it would be neither practical nor desirable toeliminateexaminations altogether.7))AsianAmericansareplayingamoreactiveroleinpoliticsthaneverbefore,bothat localandnationallevel.8)) Myunclebelievesthatinourtownsightseeingisbestdoneeitherbytourbusorby bicyc l e.9)) Wood floori ng not on l y cleans e as il y, but is environmental ly frie ndl y.10)) Until I read the article I knew neither where she was brought up nor (whereshewas)educated.11)) I find the new manager neither easy to get along with nor delightful to talk to.12)) Contrary to what people had expected, not only did he attend the meeting,buthe als os pokefort w e nt ymi nut es.3.. Fill in each blank with ONE suita ble word.(1)other (2)best (3)reason (4)mental (5)next(6)As (7)take (8)cool (9)thinking (10)rest4.. Tr anslate the following sentences intoEnglish.1)) The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conferencetomorrow.2)) He is to meet the heads of state of several countries during his stay in New York.3))What a re you going to do during the National Day holidays? Are yougoinghomeor staying oncampus?4)) —Whatdoyouthinkschoolwillbelikeintwentyyears’time?— I think children will probably lear n at home with a mechanicalteacher.5)) Thirty years ago, my grandparents never thought they would be able to moveintoa two-storey house with all the modern facilities.6)) What they lack is not money butexperience.7)) They have come to China not only to learn Chinese, but to learnaboutChinese culture as well.8)) What children want most from their parents are not material things butloveand attention.9)) You may either write your essay in your regular exercise book or do it onyourcomputer.showup.Eitherhewasnotinterested,orhesimply forgot10))I’m notquitesurewhyhedidn’ｔaboutit.11)) A society should respect both its scientists and its garbagecollectors.12)) He i s m i s e r ly b ot h with hi s money an d wit h hi s time.5.. Identify and cor rect the mistakes. Note there is no mistake in two of thesentences.1)) I will phone you as soon as I ar r ive inBeijing.2)) We can har dly imagine what life will be like in 50years.3)) WhatarewegoingtodoifEdithwon’thelpus?(Nomistakeinthissentence.Here?if…will?ispossiblewhenwillexpresses?willingness?.)4)) Pleasebeseated,everyone.Theshowisa b outtobegin.(Use?beabouttodosth?tosaythatsomethingwillhappenalmostimmediately.?Will?isnotused.)Chinawillbeabletosendmantothe Moon.(?Tobea5))Itispredictedthatinaboutten years’time,bletodo sth?is usedtosayitispossibleforsomeoneor something to dosomething.)6)) Dropinwheneveryouplease.You’ll alwaysbewelcome.(Adverbsof frequency, such as always, usua lly, often, sometimes, etc, usually go immediately infront of the m a inve r b.)7)) Nei t herhispa re nts,norhisbrot he r was ablet oc ometohispe r form a nce.(Th em ai n verbagrees with the noun phrase introduced bynor.)8)) Both her friends and her English teacher believe she will win the talentcontest.9)) My father regards creativity both as a gift and as a skill. (Normally, the twoitems c onne cte d by emphas i z i ng coordina t ing conj unc t i ons s houl d be expr e s s e di n the same grammatical form, here, two prepositionalphrases.)10))Wecaneitherdoitnoworafterclass—uptoyou.(Nomistake.Thoughthetwo items?now?and?afterclass?aren’ｔit’ｓthesamegra mmaticalform,thisisacceptablebecausewecanregardthemascondensedfrom?W ecaneitherdoit nowordoit a f terclass.?T he r e fore,thet w oitemscanalso b e d i fferentgramma t ical fo rms serving the same grammatical function, here, bothadverbials.)Unit2Preview1.L isten to the r ecor ding of the text and fill in the blanks in the followingsentences.1)racialequality2)civil rights; lingeron3)husband; qui t e a g ood hu s band/very conside r ate; li beral; ra c ia l4)considered;unprepared5)give his wife; hadadmitted6)found out;pressing7)look; argued about such seriousmatters8)perfectly nor m al;to l erate9)are differentculturally10)culturally and socially; racialsegregation11)white; married; a perfectstranger2.R ead the text for better comprehension and answer thequestions.1)?pi tchin?me a ns?t o joi n w i thotherpeopleindoinga j ob?.Intheex pre ssion?topit c habaseball?,theword?pitch?means?tothrow?.?topitchatent?means?toputupatent 支帐篷.?pitchdark?means?asdarkaspitch?漆黑—pitchmeans沥青?housework?meansthe workyoudotokeepyourhousecleanandtidy;?homework?means the work a teacher gives to a student to do out of class.2)Af t er th i nki n g of a l l as p ects of t he mat t er c a r e ful l y.We can assume that he would have considered the difficulties and problems he believeditwould bring to his life if he married a blackwife.3)Heknewtherewouldbeanunpleasantquarrel,andthatitwaswiserforhimjusttokeephis mouth shut.This shows that they have had previous serious disagreements. Thiswas notthefi r st t ime.It shows that the man has seldom taken his wifeseriously.4)?youcomingalong…andimplying…？isthecomplexobjectof?need?.a racist,hewouldnotsayno,sincehiswifeisexactly the samepersonexceptfor her Ifheweren’ｔskincolor.5)No. It is clear that the wife is using an ironicaltone.No.Themanisusingacommonexcuseofwhiteracistswhotrytojustifytheirprejudice based on different skin color by using a seemingly more neutral and respectableterm?culturaldifferences?.6)To show that he found the situation veryannoying.Normallyitmeans?w hat I sayisabsolutely true?,butherehemeans?I t istruenotbecauseI am saying it.I have statistics to prove this.?7)She saiditcontemptuously.She wasgettingangry.8)Because his wife keeps mimicking him, showing that she thinks what he saidwasridiculous andhypocritical.。

Unit 4Key to ExercisesSection APassage AII. Reading Comprehension1. Based on what you have learned from the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F) in the text.1) F They often head for their favorite vacation spots when holidays come.2) F From past to present, American people have been the people on the move.3) T4) T5) T6) F Most trips are environmental-friendly and pay great attention to protecting the sensitivenatural balance.7) F Americans, like some other peoples, like traveling, but it’s hard to say which people likestraveling most.8) TIII. Vocabulary and Structure1. Select words from what are given and fill in the blanks with their proper forms.（1）move (2 )territory (3) average （4）have commuted （5）multitude（6 ）appealing （7）head （8 ）resorts （9）thrill （10）disturbing2. Choose the right word and complete the sentence with its proper form.1）（1）emigrated 他已经放弃了他的美国国籍并移民到中国。

An Integrated English Course (2nd Edition) Book 1Unit 3Text I Whatever Happened to Manners?Text ComprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.A.II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F (This is a false statement as it just contradicts what tile author says in Paragraph2.)2. T (Refer to Paragraph 5.)3. T (Refer to Paragraph 6.)4. T (Refer to Paragraph 8.)5. F (As is stated in Paragraph 10, spouses should be gracious about the routine things theyexpect each other to do, not serious.)III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1 for the four examples.2. Refer to Paragraph 4. It could not only set an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds priceless panache to your image.3. Refer to Paragraph 5. The fact that the guest had included a recipe for a dish the author had complimented her on at an earlier gathering made the author feel all the more appreciative.4. Refer to Paragraph 7. It is the simple phrase "Excuse me."5. Refer to Paragraph 9. It is because to use good manners with our own families counts the most, for those are the people we love the most.6. As good manners are infectious, she wishes that everyone would catch them so that they would spread.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image.2. I dare say the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write.3. The simple phrase "Excuse me" made most of your irritation disappear.4. Being punctual has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; it has not become outdated.5. You shouldn't accept the other person's presence without thinking of how much it means to you.6. Good manners can be communicated from one person to another.Structural analysis of the textParagraph 1: …I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that.Paragraph 3: In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.Paragraph 5: …saying “Thank you” does wonders for the person on the receiving end too. Paragraph 7: Just as powerful as a thank-you note is the simple phrase “Excuse me.”Paragraph 9: …we shouldn’t forget to use good manners with our own familie s.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1. become different from what it should be like2. displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head; move out onto the main road3. be of great significance4. who receives the thank-you remark5. produce a far-reaching effect6. practice good mannersII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. Punctuality2. routine3. infectious4. bet5. terrific6. board7. valued8. count9. cherishes 10. irritationsIII. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1. D2. A3. B4. B5. C6. A7. D8. AIV. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference of meaning between them.1. To praise someone or something is to express approval for their achievements or qualities; compliment often applies to praise given insincerely as all empty formality or as a self-interested gesture, as well as to a genuine admiration, and this word often appears in the structure "compliment somebody on something."a. praisedb. complimentc. praised. complimented2. Enjoy is to find pleasure and satisfaction in doing something, and often appears in the structure of "enjoy oneself," meaning "take pleasure in a situation one is in." Appreciate means “be thankful or grateful for something," as well as "like or value something for its good qualities."a. appreciatedb. enjoyedc. enjoyingd. appreciated3. The differences between these two words can be very subtle. Willie precious emphasizes the fact that something is valuable, rare and important, and should not be wasted, lost or used badly, priceless refers to something that is worth a lot of money, or that cannot be calculated in monetary terms.a. pricelessb. pricelessc. preciousd. precious4. Notice suggests the taking in, almost by chance, of a small detail that may yet be important to some larger pattern. It can also be used in the imperative as a call to attend to some small detail that might otherwise be overlooked. See is a general word to suggest an accidental or deliberate viewing of all occurrence and it carries few connotations beyond those the context may give it. a. see b. Notice c. see d. noticedV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: thanks (recognition)2. Antonym: activeness (liveliness, briskness, eagerness)3. Synonym: fashionable (graceful, elegant)4. Antonym: selfish (mean, ungenerous)5. Synonym: nice (courteous, polite, friendly)6. Antonym: leisurely (relaxed, idle, unoccupied, lazy)7. Synonym: annoyance (vexation, displeasure, dissatisfaction)8. Antonym: promptness (timekeeping, reliability)VI. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized wordin the bracket.1. unfriendly2. boyhood3.understanding4. reception5. disappearance6.decision7. differing8. elevatedGrammarI. Notice the construction following the words and phrases in italics.(In the first five sentences, the comparative construction "more...(than)" follows the words and phrases in italics. The comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs indicate difference in degree. In the last sentence, the "as...as" construction follows the word in italics. The "as...as" construction is used to show similarity or sameness.)II. Complete the sentences using the "as...as" construction or the comparatives of the adjectives given.(You can make your judgment according to tile premodifers. Premodifiers such as a good deal, far, much, a lot, a great deal are used before the "more ... than" construction, and those such as almost, just, not nearly, not quite are used before the "as ... as" construction.)1. older than2. more interested3. as crowded as4. as pale as5. more exciting than6. as complicated7. easier than8. as expensive as9. more selective 10. nicer 11. as unlucky as 12. more difficultIII. Complete the sentences using a comparative form.1. stronger2. more noisy3. more expensive4. more difficult5. happier6. younger7. more often8. further9. more exciting 10. louderIV. Use superlatives or comparatives of the adjectives given to complete the sentences.1. more comfortable (The comparative form is used because the two chairs are being compared.)2. the funniest (When a noun is postmodified by a relative clause or a prepositional phrase, a superlative is used to premodify it.)3. the worst (When the superlative of an adjective is used, don’t forget to use the definite article before it.)\4. more serious5. the most popular6. quieter7. the most beautiful8. healthier (Note the comparative form of “healthy” is “healthier”.)9. the least honorable (Here comparison to a minimum degree is used.)10. less challenging, least challengingV. Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences.1. elder – older (“Elder” cannot be used as a complement but ”older” can. “Than him” is also grammatically permissible.)2. eldest – oldest (("Eldest" cannot be used to premodify nonpersonal objects.)3. √(Both "older" and "elder" can be used to talk about a person.)4. √("Further" can be used to refer to distance, just as "farther”.)5. farther –further (”Further”can also mean "more" or "additional," but “farther" refers to distance only.)6. more an – a more (Pay attention to the word order here.)7. best – better (Only two reports are being compared, so the comparative should be used.)8. √(“A/an + singular noun" can be used after the adjective in the "as ... as" construction.) VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, using the inverted pattern SCVS (subject complement + verb + subject).e.g. But even worse was the fact that the headmaster had found out the boys' secret plan.TranslationI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 譬如，我在纽约就看到这样的差别，与我20多年前刚搬来时大不相同了：人们蜂拥走进电梯，却没有电梯里面的人先出来；别人为他们开门时，从来不说“谢谢”；需要同事给他们递东西时，从来不说“请”；当其他开车人为他们让道时，也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。