ACCAF9详解,如何复习最能有效抓分的部分!

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ACCAF9详解,如何复习最能有效抓分的部分!Part A Financial management function出Section A的选择题,2分/题,4-5题考点1:财务管理的目标是maximize shareholder wealth考点2:四大财务目标Financial objectives的计算(是通过ratio的计算来评价是否bjective达成了,要掌握ratio的计算)shareholder wealth maximization(掌握Dividend yield,dividend cover, EPS,P/E ratio,Total shareholder return的计算)profit maximization(掌握gross profit margin,operating profit margin,ROCE,ROE的计算)liquidity(掌握current ratio,Acid test ratio,working capital cycle-inventory period,receivable period,payable periods的计算) gearing(gearing ratio,interest cover的计算)考点3:MAS管理层奖励机制management reward schemes(三种方法:和profit挂钩profit related pay,股权激励share,期权激励option)考点4:Corporate governance–用来保障financial objective(board 的设置)考点5:Not for profit organization用value for money3Es来measures objective是否达成了Part B Financial management environment出Section A的选择题,2分/题,4-5题考点1:Marco-实现宏观经济目标的policyfiscal policymonetary policyexchange rate policy.(考法:每个policy包含的内容/答题技巧:只要记住government spending和tax policy是fiscal policy;exchange rate policy只讲exchange rate;剩下都是monetary policy).考点2:Micro-微观指financial markets and institutionsDirect直接vs.Indirect间接其中financial institutes是financial intermediaries;role of financial intermediaries是高频考点,记忆技巧是MAP-maturity transformation,aggregation of funds,pooling lossesMonetary market货币市场(短期)vs.capital market资本市场(长期) Monetary market的融资渠道的种类和特点要记住考点3:Risk and return高风险高回报(热门考法:给你不同金融产品,让你按照risk或者return 进行排序)Part C Working capital management两种出题可能行:一种是Section A选择题2-3道,Section B根据同一个案例考5个选择题,每题2分,共计10分;一种是Section A选择题2-3道,搭配Section C题目6-8分左右考点1:Nature of working capitalProfitability vs.liquidity要balanceCash operating cycles的计算是高频考点用Sales/WC的比值来forecast WC,判断是overtrading(sales增长过快)还是overcapitalization(WC过剩).考点2:Working capital management考计算,可能出section B的题,也可能section C大题6-8分inventory management主要两种考法:一是optimal quantity的计算(EOQ,with bulk discount);二是inventory level的计算(max,min,reorder,average inventory level) Receivable management(考计算,(考计算,可能出section B的题,也可能section C大题6-8分)主要两种考法:一是换一种新的credit term,看看是不是对公司更有利;二是factoring,根据factory提供的条件,看看对公司是否有利;答题技巧:都是用cost vs.benefit analysis的方法Cash management主要两种考法:一是optimal quantity的计算用Baumol model;二是target level的计算用Miller-Orr model.考点3:Working capital financing考理论,section A的题目三种working capital financing的strategies:aggressive, conservative,moderate.Part D Investment appraisalSection A的选择题2-3道,Section C的大题14-16分考点1:Non-discounted cash flow计算ROCE(ROCE=average annual profit form investment/average investment),relevant cash flow,payback period,Comments各种方法有什么缺陷。

考点2:Discounted cash flow计算NPV,IRR,Discounted payback periodNPV的计算proforma(Section C的大题目14-16分)考点3:Risk and uncertainty(Section A的题目)Risk(能估计probability)与uncertainty(不能估计probability)不同EV的计算和优缺点Sensitivity的计算和优缺点考点4:Specific investment decision(Section A题目,或section C 题目4分左右)Asset replacement(用EAC model)Lease or buy(用cost vs.benefit analysis)动图Part E Business financeSection A的选择题2-3道,Section C的大题12-16分考点1:Business financeSource of financeShort-term finance(overdraft,short-term loan,trade credit,lease finance)Long-term finance(考理论,能比较不同点)♬Debt♬Equity♬Venture capital♬Islamic financeDividend theory3theories(residual theory,traditional theory,MM theory-irrelevant比较不同点)Forms of dividend(cash/script/share repurchase了解特点)Gearing structure考点2:Cost of capitalCost of equity Ke两种方法:一是用Dividend growth model Ke=D0(1+g)/P0+g).其中,估算dividend growth-g有两种方法♬Historical growth♬Gorden’s growth approximation二是用CAPM model算KeCost of debt Kd♬Irredeemable debt的Kd的计算♬Redeemable debt的Kd的计算♬Convertible debt的Kd的计算♬Preference share的Kd的计算♬Bank loan的Kd的计算WACC计算整个公司的cost of capital(weight几个kd1,Kd2...和一个Ke)考点3:Capital structure(同一个企业)Traditional theory(在一定的负债比例之内如30%负债之内Kd不会变,当负债超过一定比例Kd才会变大,企业举债量要尽量到使WACC最低时的那个比例)MM theory with no tax(资本结构变化,不会影响WACC)MM theory with tax(因为debt有tax benefits,所以debt越多WACC 越小,则公司应尽量举债)Pecking order(用fund的先后顺序是:internal funds,debts,equity)考点4:Capital structure(兼并一个非同一行业的企业)用CAMP model计算新行业的企业的Ke时,要调整ß.Part F Business valuationSection A的选择题2-3道,Section B的10分5道选择考点1:Valuation of equity(考Section A的选择2-3道,section B 中10分的大题目)能用三种equity valuation的方法对企业的equity进行估值方法一:Asset based valuation三种asset base估值法:♬historical value法(看财报的Net asset的值)♬replacement value法(看重置的成本)♬realizable value法(处置价格,假设把企业卖掉,处置价值是多少,价值最低)♪掌握如何根据这三种asset based估值方法得到企业的equity估值,哪种价值最低♪掌握asset base估值法的优缺点方法二:Earning/Income based valuation(算出来的是market value)♪两种earning/income base估值法:P/E ratio法,earning yield ♪掌握如何用这两种方法得到企业的equity价值♬P/E ratio法Market value of equity=P/E ratio*EPS*No.of sharesMarket value of equity=P/E ratio*total earnings♬Earning yield法Market value=earning/earning yieldMarket value=Earnings*(1+g)/(Earning yield–g)方法三Cashflow based valuation其实就是对DGM(dividend growth model)模型的运用P0=D0(1+g)/(Ke–g)能在这三种equity valuation所估的equity价值中suggest一个比较可行的报价(section C论述题4-6分)答题思路:根据每种方法的优缺点,论述在企业兼并其他企业是,你用哪个方法估值得出来的企业价值做报价考点2:Valuation of debt(考section A的1道题)Value of debt其实就是计算debt未来所有Cashflow的NPV注意:有关debt,一般三种考法:一种考debt的value,另一种考不同类型debt的Kd,第三种考法是考对不同debt的成本进行定性的排序,判断哪种成本高,哪种成本低。