双语试卷答案

2019-2020-2 长郡双语初二入学考试英语试卷时量120分钟满分120分I．听力技能（两部分，共20小题，计20分）略II．知识运用（两部分，共20小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

（共10小题，计10分）21. Mona is _______ volunteer of the program and her work today is to find _______ owner forthe lost dog.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; the22. My aunt has two daughters, but _______ of them takes after her.A. neitherB. bothC. either23. _______ Alice took an umbrella yesterday, she still got wet in the heavy rain.A. IfB. WhileC. Although24. If you followed my advice, we wouldn’t get _______ trouble today.A. outB. intoC. off25. Cindy offers _______ us prepare for the school music festival.A. helpB. to helpC. helping26. —I often run out of my pocket money by the middle of the month.—_______ make a plan before you spend money? It may help you a lot.A. Why notB. How aboutC. Why don’t27. — _______ I clean up the house this afternoon?—No, you needn’t. You can put it off to next week.A. CanB. ShouldC. Must28. My mother _______ our old clothes to the charity every year.A. gives outB. gives awayC. gives up29. Frank used _______ in London for a year, but he wasn’t used _______ there. He came back toChina two months ago.A. to work; to liveB. to work; to livingC. to working; to live30. —Animal Helpers spends a lot of money training dogs.—Yeah. It is a good way _______ blind people.A. to helpB. helpC. helping第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

英语双语报答案【篇一：初一学生双语报答案】i.1.don’tforgettogivemybestwishestoyourfamily.2.tomlikescookingandhewantstobeacookinthefuture.3.tonyisgoingtoplaycomputergamesathomethisweekend.4.therewillbeheavyrainthisafternoon.ii.5.let’swatchthetennismatchonsaturday.6.we’dbettergettherebybus.7.therearetwenty-oneboysandtwenty-threegirlsinourclass.8.noparking!iii.9.howdoyoulikelivinginchina?10.whatdoesyourfatherlooklike?11.pleasesayhellotoyourfatherandmother,tony.12.wouldyouliketogotothezoowithmethisafternoon?iv.w:whatnewsubjectwillyoulearnatschoolthisyear,hey?m:we’lllearnchinese.w:whichismoredifficult,englishorchinese?m:ithinkchineseismoredifficultforme.buti’llstudyhardatit.w:butmysonalwayssaysenglishisha rdtolearn.andhedoesn’tlikei t.ican’thelphim.m:don’tworry!mrswang,letmehelphim,ok?i’llhelphimwithhiseng lisheverysaturdayevening.maybehecanalsohelpmewithmychin ese.w:that’sgreat.thankyouverymuch.m:you’rewelcome.v.w:hello,everyone!i’mjulie.christmasiscomingup.andiwillhaveal ongholiday.iamgoingtovisitbeijingduringtheholiday.iwillstayinb eijingforfourdays.onthefirstday,iwillgotothegreatwall.onthesec ondday,iwillvisitthesummerpalace.onthethirdday,iwillgoshoppi nginbigshoppingmalls.andonthefourthday,iwilleatsomespecialfoodinbeijing.ithinkiwillhaveagoodtimeinbeijing.andiamlookingf orwardtoitnow.vi.samandtonybothlikesports.theyaregoingtothebeachtoswiminth eseaattheweekend.nowit’shalfpastsevenandtheyarewatchingtv. theweatherr eportsays,“saturdayandsundayaregoingtobewarm andfine.”samandtonyareveryhappy.theweatherisgoingtobegoodforswim ming.theythinktheywillhaveagoodtimethere.onsaturdaymornin g,theyaregoingtogetupearlyandthengotothebeachbybike.参考答案听力部分i.1-4cbacii.5-8abcaiii.9-12cabbiv.13-16cabav.17-20ccbavi.onepossibleversion:21.sports22.attheweekend23.watchingtv;theweather24.warmandfine25.bybike笔试部分i.26-30dbcad31-35babdd36-40ccaadii.41-45dcbba46-50cbadbiii.51-55caddb56-60dbbad61-65dacdbiv.66-70eafcd71-75fceagv.onepossibleversion:76.theartistspenttwohoursdrawingthehorse.77.watchout!there’sacarcoming.78.whataboutgoingandaskingourteacher?79.whichisthewaytothezoo?80.doesjimoftenhelphismotherdohousework?vi.onepossibleversion:a)81.climbwutongmountain82.onjan.1stevening83.goskatinginthepark84.playbasketballwithfriends85.dohomeworkathomeb)alex’splanfornewyear’sdayonjanuary1st,alexisgoingtoeatoutsidewithhisparentsinthemorn ing.heisgoingtoclimbwutongmountaintobreathefreshairintheafternoon,andthentothe cinemawithhisparentsintheevening.onthenextday,heisgoingskatingintheparkinthemorn ing,andheisgoingto playbasketballwithsomefriendsintheafternoon.onjanuary3rd,he willstayathomeanddohishomework.alexissuretohaveagreattime.第16期b1版keys：阅读训练营1-5badca任务阅读1.three2.eight3.fifteen完形小测1-5cabbc0adccb口语测试(onepossibleversion)i.1.adoctor.2.200,000.3.thebed.ii.略。

2020年扬州世明双语学校高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BHave you ever noticed that some people can eat what they want and stay in shape, while others carefully watch what they eat and still put on weight? How annoying! However, scientists are beginning to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.Scientists say that when some people eat, their bodies will naturally store the excess energy from food as fat. These people gain weight if they eat more than they need each day. Meanwhile, other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to “burn off” the extra food without making fat, so they rarely have weight problems.To show that this is true, scientists have experimented on laboratory mice. They gave the mice a special diet with a lot of fat. Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin, even though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of exercise. Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic (基因的) factors. They also believe they have now identified the genes that may cause this tendency. These genes, according to the scientists, get passed down the generations. Armed with this knowledge, they believe it may be possible to develop medicines thatcan target the genes and stop people from gaining weight.The study of weight gain is becoming more important as the numbers of people who are overweight continues to grow. In theUnited States, over seventy percent of the population have weight problems. This means they are at risk of illness such as high blood pressure and heart disease.Current medicines for weight control do not work very well because they can have serious side effects, such as heart problems. However, it takes a long time to develop and thoroughly test new drugs. Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs, scientists and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise. This willnot only help people avoid becoming overweight, but also help them stay healthy and energetic.4. According to the scientists, some people ________.A. are able to stay thin because of genetic factorsB. can eat what they want and stay healthy foreverC. usually keep doing exercise to lose their weightD. don’t eat anything every day but still put on weight5. Some people don’t need to worry about weight problems because ________.A. they eat many vegetablesB. they eat less than othersC. they don’t store any energy from food as fatD. they can burn off the extra food without making fat6. What can we learn from the passage?A. Fewer people will have weight problems in the future.B. People with weight problems may suffer from heart trouble.C. We now have good medicine for people with weight problems.D. The result of the experiments on mice and humans are different.7. What does the last paragraph imply?A. Current medicine solve weight problems well.B. We should exercise regularly and eat properly.C. Taking exercise every day may cause heart problems.D. Testing new drugs is hard because of the side effects.CGetting drunk on ice cream used to be the stuff of dreams, but thanks to Will Rogers, inventor and owner of WDS Dessert Stations in Hinkley, Illinois, it has become a delicious reality. The Below Zero icecream machine uses a unique technique to freeze alcohol, which allows you to turn beers, cocktails and even spirits (烈酒) into delicious soft —serve ice cream.Rogers was trying to create a highly — caffeinated espresso ice cream flavor when he realized hecould use the same technique with alcoholic beverages. He started experimenting with various gums and stabilizers commonly used in the ice cream industry and eventually patented something called the NEA gel. It’s this magical concoction (调制品) that allows the alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the Below Zero ice cream machine.Even though Below Zero changes the texture (质地) of beer, cocktails and even spirits, essentially turning them into soft —serve ice cream, it does not affect the alcohol contentat all. The ABV (酒精度) remains exactly the same, which means you can get drunk on ice — cream just as you would on the same concoctions in liquid form.Will Rogers claims that it takes around 30 minutes for beer to go from liquid to ice cream form, but higher alcohol content drinks take longer. Essentially, the higher the alcohol level, the longer the wait.The American inventor plans to sell Below Zero ice cream machines to bars and breweries wanting to surprise their patrons. Metro reports that machines will sell for about 6,000.8. What’s the name of the machine which can change beer and spirits into ice cream?A. Will RogersB. WDS Dessert StationsC. HinkleyD. Below Zero9. What makes alcohol to freeze to a near solid inside the machine?A. gums.B. stabilizers.C. NEA gel.D. ABV.10. What can we know from the passage?A. The machine can change all liquids into ice cream.B. It takes 20 minutes for beer to change into ice cream.C. The higher the alcohol level, the shorter the wait will be.D. The machine changes the texture of beer, cocktails and even spirits.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. The machine affects the alcohol content.B. You can get drunk if you have ice—creams made from spirits.C. The American inventor doesn’t want to sell themagical machine.D. Bars and breweries will not become potential buyers of the machine.DDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals.As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

第 1 页 共 4 页《国际贸易学》（双语）考试试卷B本试卷适用于试卷所需时间120分钟。

闭卷考试，总分100分。

考试日期： 题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 分数 评卷人一、单项选择题：（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1. Which of the following is NOT true about mercantilism?A. Under mercantilism, exports were encouraged and imports were discouraged.B. Mercantilists believed that one country’s gains from trade came at the expense of another country or countries’ well being.C. Domestic producers were often hurt by mercantilism.D. Mercantilism focused on the accumulation of gold and silver bullion.2. When a nation requires fewer resources than another nation to produce a product, the nation is said to have a(n):A. Absolute advantage in the production of the productB. Comparative advantage in the production of the productC. Lower marginal rate of transformation for the productD. Lower opportunity cost of producing the product3. If a country exports the good that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and imports those goods that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost, we say that such trade is based upon:A. Absolute advantageB. ArbitrageC. Labor productivity differencesD. Comparative advantage4. When a nation is in autarky and maximizes its living standard, its consumption and production points are:A. Above the production possibilities frontierB. Along the production possibilities frontierC. Beneath the production possibilities frontierD. Any of the above5. The theory that predicts that trade occurs because of differences in the availability of factor inputs across countries and the differences in the proportionsin which the factor inputs are used in producing different products is called: A. The Stolper-Samuelson theory. B. Comparative advantage C. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory D. Absolute advantage6. Given the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the opening of trade in a land-abundant country will cause the domestic price of wheat to: A. Fall B. RiseC. Be unaffectedD. At first rise but then fall back to its original level 7. When a large country imposes an import quota:A. World prices rise.B. World prices fall.C. Domestic prices fall.D. Domestic production falls.8. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem states that given certain assumptions and conditions:A. The real return to the factor used intensively in the import-competing industry will rise in the long-run.B. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will fall in the long-run.C. The real return to the factor used in the rising price industry will rise in the long-run.D. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will rise in the long-run.9. Referring to Figure 2.1, the relative cost of steel in terms of aluminum is: A. 4.0 tons B. 2.0 tons C. 0.5 tons D. 0.25 tons 10. According to the factor-price-equalization theorem, free trade equalizes:A. Product prices as well as the prices of individual factors of production between two countries.B. Product prices between two countries but not the prices of individual factors of production.C. Product prices between two countries and factor prices within each country but not between countries.院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线第 2 页 共 4 页D. Product prices and factor prices within each country but not between countries. 11. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:A. LaborB. LandC. Both labor and landD. Neither labor nor land 12. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:A. Expand the production possibilities frontierB. Improve the terms of tradeC. Contract the production possibilities frontierD. Worsen the terms of trade 13. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory? A. Calculators and computers B. Coal and crude oil C. Home movie cameras D. Office machinery14. When Wassily Leontief tested the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, he found that in 1947 the United States was exporting relatively labor-intensive goods and importing relatively capital-intensive goods. This finding:A. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively capital-abundant.B. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively labor-abundant.C. Was never duplicated by other studies and has thus been labeled a paradox.D. Fit the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory concerning the trading patterns of a capital-abundant country.15. The author of the Wealth of Nations was:A. David RicardoB. Paul SamuelsonC. Adam SmithD. Karl Marx16. Which of the following is the formula for a product’s intra -industry trade (IIT) share?A. 1 – |X - M |B. 1 - (X + M)C. 1 – [ |X - M | / (X + M)]D. 1 – [ |X + M | / (X - M)]17. Suppose that there are only two types of traded commodities: industrial products and primary products. Which of the following changes in global market conditions would be necessary in order for countries that export primary products to experience “immiserizing growth”?A. The global price of industrial products would have to rise.B. The global price of primary goods would have to fall relative to the global price of industrial goods.C. The supply of primary products would have to rise.D. The supply of industrial goods would have to fall.18. When company X doubled its output, it found that its cost per unit had fallen by 10%. We can therefore conclude:A. It enjoys external scale economies.B. It enjoys internal scale economies.C. Demand for its product is elastic.D. It has a comparative advantage in production.19. The United States and Canada produce trees using labor and land. Initially, Canada has fewer workers per acre than the United States. The countries share the same technology. Consider the effects of allowing labor to move freely between the two countries. Then the wage in Canada will _________.A. fallB. riseC. remains unchangedD. A or C.20. If a small country imposes a tariff on imported motorcycles, the world price of motorcycles will __________ and the domestic price of motorcycles will __________. A. Rise; rise B. Fall; rise C. Stay constant; rise D. Stay constant; fall 21. A non-tariff barrier operates by: A. Limiting the quantity of importsB. Increasing the cost of getting imports to market.C. Creating uncertainty about the conditions under which imports will be permitted.D. All of the above.22. When the value of a nation's exports exceeds the value of its imports, the nation is said to haveA. Trade dependencyB. Trade surplusC. Trade deficitD. Trade debit 23. With respect to forms of "regional economic integration": A. a "customs union" is more integrated than a "common market" B. a "free trade area" is more integrated than an "economic union" C. a common market is the most complete form of integrationD. customs unions do not permit free flow of factors of production across member country borders24. One of the reasons that protectionists and government officials may favor using a quota instead of a tariff is:A. Quotas generate more revenue for the government than do tariffs.B. A quota ensures that the quantity of imports is strictly limited.C. Quotas create less market distortions than do tariffs.D. Quotas give less power to politicians than do tariffs.25. In the last completed round of trade negotiation (the Uruguay Round), an院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线第 3 页 共 4 页agreement regarding the services trade was achieved. This agreement is _____________.A. GATTB. WTOC. GATSD. CATS二、判断题（T/F ）：（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage relied on the labor theory of value.2. In the two-country, two-good model, both countries can gain from trade as long as their relative advantages and disadvantages in producing different goods are different.3. While China’s exports are consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher -Ohlin theory, her imports are not.4. The value of foreign trade is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. Then the value of international trade is the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout the world.5. Net trade for a product is the value of the difference between exports and imports for that product.6. It is possible for a large country to be better off, worse off, or no better off/no worse off as a result of a tariff being imposed.7. More price supports and subsidies are provided to agriculture worldwide than any other sector of the economy.8. Strategic trade policy is a government policy whereby a subsidy is provided in order to help the domestic firm win a trade battle in an oligopolistic market. 9. FDI outflows have a positive impact on workers in the home country.10. Buyer’s credit refers to the credit provided by the buyer’s bank for promoting import of foreign products.三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. The equation for the demand curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q D =350-(P/2) or P=700-2Q D . The equation for the supply curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q S =-200+5P or P=40+(Q S /5).a. What are the equilibrium price and quantity if there is no international trade?b. What are the equilibrium quantities for Belgium if the nation can trade freely with the rest of the world at a price of 120?c. What is the effect of the shift from no trade to free trade on Belgium consumer surplus? On Belgium producer surplus? What is the net national gain or loss for Belgium?2. Suppose that under free trade a final commodity F has a price of $ 20 and the price of the only input A to commodity F is $ 10. Now consider the following four situations where protective tariffs exist.(a) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A. (b) Suppose that the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%. (c) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively.(d) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively.(1) Calculate the ERP for the domestic industry producing good F. (2) Interpret the meaning of this calculated ERP.四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. What is intra-industry trade? Is intra-industry trade consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory? Clearly explain why it is or is not consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin.2. What is the economic definition of dumping? If the importing country suspects dumping, what action can be taken?3. What is GSP? What are its principles?4. What factors should be considered in determining whether a firm should sell to foreign buyers by exporting from its home country or by setting up local production in the foreign country to produce the products that are sold to foreign consumers? When identifying these factors, clearly explain how and why they push the decision toward one or the other of the two available choices.五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. “Trade blocs are good for economic well -being and countries should try to join them.” Do you agree or disagree? Why? In your answer, discuss the role of trade creation and trade diversion. What other gains may arise in a country that chooses to join a trade bloc?院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线《国际贸易学》（双语）试卷B答案1. a. With no international trade, equilibrium requires Q D=Q S. Setting the two equations equal to each other, we can find the equilibrium price with no trade: 350-(P/2)= -200+5P. The equilibrium no-trade price is P=100. Using one of the equations, we find that the no-trade quantity is 300. （3分）b. At a price of 120, Belgium’s quantity demanded is 290, and its quantity supp lied is 400. With free trade Belgium exports 110 units. （3分）c. Belgian consumer surplus declines. With no trade it is a larger triangle below the demand curve and above the 100 price line. With free trade it is a smaller triangle below the demand curve and above the 120 price line. Belgian producer surplus increases. With no trade it is smaller triangle above the supply curve and below the 100 price line. With free trade it is a larger triangle above the supply curve and below the 120 price line. The net national gain from trade is the difference between the gain of producer surplus and the loss of consumer surplus. This gain is a triangle whose base is the quantity trade (110) and whose height is the change in price (120-100=20) so the total gain is 1100.（4分）2. (1) According to the formula ERP=[(t-a i t i)/(1-a i)]×100%, or ERP=[(V’-V)/V]×100%, we can get the following answers: (a) If the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A, we have ERP=40%.（2分）(b) If the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%, we have ERP=20%.（2分）(c) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively, we have ERP=10%.（2分）(d) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively, we have ERP=-20%（2分）(2) If t>t i, ERP>t; If t=t i, ERP=t; If t<t i, ERP<t; If t i becomes extremely high, ERP will become negative.（2分）四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. Intra industry trade is a trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or a very similar product. Intra-industry trade is not generally consistent with the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory predicts that countries will export goods that extensively use their abundant resources and will import goods that extensively use their scarce resource. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is suited to explain trade between developing and industrialized countries because they differ in their endowments of production resources. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory fails to explain why we observe so much trade among industrialized countries: 70% of the exports of industrialized countries go to other industrialized countries.（2分）2. Dumping is selling exports at a price below the normal value (or fair market value). （2分）There are two definitions of normal value. The traditional definition of normal value is the price charged in the home market. Dumping in this case means international price discrimination. （2分）The second definition of normal value is the average cost of production. Under this second definition dumping is selling goods abroad at a price below average production cost. （2分）If a country can show foreign producers dump into their market and injury results, the country can impose antidumping measures. （2分）3. GSP: is a system currently in place where a large number of DCs permit duty-free entry of a selected list of products if those products are imported from particular LDCs. （2分）(1) Generalized: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all the manufactured or semi-manufactured goods of LDCs.（2分）(2) Non-discriminatory: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all LDCs, without exception.（2分）(3) Non reciprocal: The LDCs do not reciprocate; they needn’t grant goods from developed nations similar special treatment. （2分）4. When transport costs and trade barriers are low, the MNE can use FDI to reduce total costs by locating different stages of overall production in different countries. For example design and development can be located in the home country while other stages of production can be located according to the country’s cost advantage. （4分）FDI and exports can sometimes be complements or substitutes depending on whether the foreign affiliates undertake the same kind of production as the parent firm. When transport costs and trade barriers are high, the choice would tilt toward FDI. Most studies, however, conclude that FDI is complementary to international trade as parts of the product line must be imported. （4分）五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. POSSIBLE RESPONSE: In general, the formation of trade blocs does not always lead to an improvement of economic welfare worldwide, or even within the country. （2分）On the one hand, the formation of trade blocs seems to imply a removal of trade barriers and thus a step toward free trade (trade creation). This is beneficial to consumers in the country as it leads to lower consumer prices, higher trade volumes, and higher consumer surplus. （3分）On the other hand, the formation of trade blocs might lead to shifting of imports to less efficient foreign producers who gain an advantage over more efficient producers in countries that are not members of the trade bloc. （2分）This shifting of imports is called trade diversion and creates a welfare loss for the member country. Whether or not a country gains from joining a trade bloc depends on the benefits from trade creation, the losses from trade diversion, and the possible gains from an array of other effects that may be difficult to quantify. Let us discuss in more detail these additional possible sources of benefits. （3分）First, an increase in competition can reduce prices. If before the formation of the bloc firms in the different countries had monopoly power in each national market, when national markets are joined in a bloc-wide market, firms must compete with each other. Prices are likely to move closer to marginal costs. （2分）Second, an increase in competition can lower costs of production. The increased level of competition increases the pressure on firms to implement new technologies and minimize costs. （2分）Third, firms can lower costs by expanding their scale of production. Before the formation of a bloc, each firm may have been limited to serving only its national market. If scale economies are substantial, the expansion of the firm in the bloc-wide market will lower its cost of production. （2分）Finally, forming a trade bloc might lead to additional opportunities for business investments. By expanding the market that can be served, a trade bloc might be able to attract more foreign direct investment into the member countries. （2分）第 4 页共4 页。