Module 11。
1 Business Topic World of work词语准备business n。
工商企业;商行；商业technique n. 技巧cross-culture adj.跨文化的Internet n。
因特网,国际互联网presentation n。
口头报告；陈述;叙述public speaking 演说，演讲consultant n. 顾问consultancy n。
咨询公司run（courses/workshops) vt。
开办（课程/讲习班）one—to-one 一对一的accredited adj。
公认的motivational adj. 激发积极性的client n. 客户entertaining adj. 有趣的，使人愉快的professional adj。
专业的，职业的involve vt。
包含；需要；使成为必要部分responsibility n。
责任；所负责的事情be responsible for sb。
/sth. 对某人/某事负责title n。
头衔（如将军、博士、伯爵)；职称（如医生、教授）sample n。
样品；使用产品account n。
账目；账户correspondence n. (往来的）信件badge n。
徽章identify vt。
发现；确定catering service 餐饮服务MD managing director的缩写,总经理，执行董事gadget n. 小巧的器械;小玩意儿interior n。
车内产品；内部装饰memo n. 备忘录；便条，便笺electrical appliances 电器，家用电器ship vt。
运送Power Point （用于设计制作专家报告、教师授课、产品演示、广告宣传的）电子版幻灯片，制作的演示文稿可以通过计算机屏幕或投影机播放bonus n. 奖金catalogue n. 产品目录positive adj. 积极乐观的presence n. 仪态，风度，风采diary n。
INSTRUCTION MANUALHOEK TRIAXIAL CELLModel HTCRoctest Limited, 2003, 2018. All rights reserved.This product should be installed and operated only by qualified personnel. Its misuse is potentially dangerous. The Company makes no warranty as to the information furnished in this manual and assumes no liability for damages resulting from the installation or use of this product. The information herein issubject to change without notification.Tel. : 1.450.465.1113 • 1.877.ROCTEST (Canada, USA) • 33 (1) 64.06.40.80 (Europe) • • E10011-180424TABLE OF CONTENTS1INTRODUCTION (3)2DESCRIPTION (3)3OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS (6)3.1ASSEMBLY (6)3.2TEST PROCEDURES (7)3.3POST TEST PROCEDURE (8)4MAINTENANCE (8)5REFERENCES (8)HOEK cell in a compression testing frame1INTRODUCTIONThe HOEK Triaxial Cell is designed to determine the triaxial strength of diamond drill cores of rock or concrete. Tests carried out on a series of samples under different confining pressure allow the user to determine:•The strength and elastic properties•Shear strength at different confining pressures•Angle of shearing resistance and cohesion•Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratioOne of the most convenient method for determining triaxial strength of rock is to apply a uniform hydraulic pressure to the curved surface of a cylindrical specimen and then to apply a compressive axial load to the rock specimen until failure occurs. Tests are normally done on a series of samples under different confining pressure to study the strength properties of the sample under various stress conditions which simulate natural or arranged levels. Test data may be used to determine the strength and elastic properties of rock, shear strength at various confining pressures, the angle of shearing resistance, cohesion intercept and deformation moduli.2DESCRIPTIONThe HOEK cell consists of a hollow steel cylinder withthreaded removable end caps. A urethane rubbermembrane with U-shaped end seals, form apressurization chamber for hydraulic fluid. Therubber membrane has a tensile strength of over 38MN/m² and a durometer of 95, compared with valuesof about 21 MN/m² strength and a hardness varyingfrom 30 to 90 in the case of natural rubber. The cellcomprises an inlet fitted with a 3/8" NPT male quick-connect and an air outlet plug to saturate thepressurization chamber.The cell is supplied with a pair of spherical platens (optional) to apply the axial load to the flattened ends of the sample. These platens are made of tool steel hardened and ground to ASTM (D2664) standard.Typical SetupTest with axial compression Permeability test without axial compressionItems that Roctest can provide :Essential items Common accessories Other accessories1 triaxial cell with standard end caps(1, 2) 1 set of spherical seatplaten (10, 13)1 concave porepressure platen (9) for adrained test1 cell membrane(8)1 flat platen (11) 1 flat pore pressureplaten used instead of(11) for a drained test(not shown)1 support collar (14)2 spacing platen forpermeability test (15)1 set of2 loadspreaders (12)2 permeability end caps(16)Other equipment required for testing (loading bench, hydraulic pump, pressure gauge, pressure maintainer, lines, valves, strain gauges and readout...) should be acquired from other suppliers.Note that with some custom cell sizes, available membranes can be too short. In that case, a special spacer ring (7) can be used.1 Other sizes available upon request.As illustrated below, hydraulic fluid is retained within the annular space created between the rubber membrane and the cylinder. The membrane has integrated "U" seals at each end and a threaded steel cylinder. This configuration makes it possible to test and remove the rock specimen without having to replace the seals.Assembled HOEK Cell (details)The spherical seat platens are manufactured from high quality steel, are used without lubrication so that, once under a load, they are effectively locked together, and react as one. In this manner, they compensate for any initial misalignment of the specimen ends. To achieve consistent and reliable test results, it is recommended that cylindrical samples having a length to diameter ratio of at least two are tested (in references 1, 2 and 3) and the ends be ground flat to within 0.025 - 0.012 mm dependant of sample diameter. Reference 4 concisely describes the tolerance of specimen preparation for sample laboratory testing in uniaxial compression and is equally applicable to this situation3OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS3.1 ASSEMBLY1.Remove end caps from cell, inspect cell and make sure that all internal surfaces onboth cell and end caps are clean and free from surface irregularities.2.Make sure the rubber membrane is clear from all blemishes.3.Coat the inside of body cell with hydraulic oil to give rubber membrane an easy fit. Therubber is slightly oversized and must be installed carefully inside the cell.4.After rubber membrane installation, put end caps back on cell (when all matingsurfaces are clean and free of grit). Hand tightness is all that is required.5.Hold cell with the air outlet upwards, unscrew the plug lightly, and using hand pump,saturate the cell with hydraulic fluid. The cell should be completely air free. Tighten back the plug.6.The cell is now ready to be used.Filling HOEK cell with hydraulic fluid3.2 TEST PROCEDURES1.The ends of the rock specimen (a minimum length to a diameter ratio of 2) must beground flat within a parallelism of 0.025 mm to 0.012 mm depending on the diameter of the sample.MAKE SURE ROCK SPECIMEN IS WELL CENTERED INTO THECELL’S RUBBER MEMBRANE.2.After saturation of the pressurization chamber, the cylindrical rock sample isinserted into the chamber within the confining membrane. The two spherical seats are positioned so that the rock core lies centrally in the triaxial chamber.DIAMETER OF THE SAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE SMALLER THAN THECELL NOMINAL SIZE BY MORE THAN 0.05 IN. (1.25 mm). FORINSTANCE, A SAMPLE USED IN A AW CELL SHOULD BE BEWTWEEN1.135 AND 1.185 INCHES. IF IT IS SMALLER, WE RECCOMMENDSHIMMING IT IN A FLEXIBLE FILM (CELLOPHANE WRAPPING ORACETATE SHEATS FOR INSTANCE).3.After applying a small confining pressure to hold the rock core in place, the cell withits spherical seats is placed in the loading frame and a small axial load is applied to hold the system firmly in place.4.To determine Poisson's ratio, two orthogonal strain gages are glued on the rock core.The strain gages are read during the test with a Wheatstone bridge readout. The triaxial test may then be run after adjustment of the confining pressure to the required value.GAP BETWEEN THE HTC CELL AND THE PLATENS IS VERY SMALL.IT IS RECOMMENDED TO USE STRAIN GAUGES WITH VERY SMALLWIRES (LESS THAN 10 MILS). GROUNDING OR MACHINING SMALLGROOVES IN THE PLATEN EDGE MIGHT BE REQUIRED TO ALLOWFOR THE WIRES TO BE FED PAST.5.With the use of strain gages, triaxial tests run on the same type of rocks at differentconfining pressures allow the determination of the failure envelope with the angle of friction and cohesion, the modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio.6.Axial load of rock sample may begin.3.3 POST TEST PROCEDURE1.Once rupture is reached and completed, release confining pressure and axial loadwhile making sure the cell does not fall from the load frame.2.Remove the cell and spherical platens from the load frame, then remove platens seatsfrom the cell.3.Unless the specimen is severely deformed, it may be removed from the cell with littleforce without dismantling the cell. However, if the sample is severely deformed, then the cell should be dismantled, and the sample debris removed. The use of excessive forces to remove fractured rock sample is not recommended, and may damage the rubber membrane.4MAINTENANCEIt is important to maintain the HOEK cell clean and to regularly inspect all components especially all platen and seat surfaces. Non-observance will lead to premature failure of the membranes, and general reduction of mating tolerance resulting in hydraulic fluid leaks and sample contamination.Furthermore, rock debris left on spherical seatings or on the cylinder ends may lead to stress concentration during loading, producing premature sample failure and platen deterioration.5REFERENCES1) Hoek E. & Franklin J.A. Simple. Triaxial Cell for Field or Laboratory Testing of Rock.Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. (Sect. A: Min. Industry), 1968, A22-26.2) Jaeger J.C. & Cook N.G. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. (London: Methuen, 1969,USA distributors: Barnes & Noble Inc.).3) Jaeger J.C. Brittle Fracture of Rocks. In Failure and Breakage of Rock. (Fairhurst C.ed. (New York: AIME 1067), 3-57.4) Hawkes I. & Mellor M. Uniaxial Testing in Rock Mechanics Laboratories. Eng. Geol.,4, (1970), 177-285.。
以字母A开头的词：abandonv.抛弃，舍弃，放弃;abilityn.能力，本领，(pl.)才能(abilitytopay/支付能力;one’sabilities/某人的才能);ableadj.能……的;有能力的;能干的(beabletodosth./能做……);abroadadv.到国外，在国外到处(athomeandabroad/在国内外);absentadj.缺席的;心不在焉的;缺乏的(beabsentfrom…/不在../缺席);absent-minded/心不在焉的;absoluteadj.尽对的;完全的;absorbv.汲取(液体);吸取(知识);使聚精会神;担当(beabsorbedin../用心..);abstractadj.抽象的;深奥的;academicadj.学院的，大学的;学会的，[美]文科的，文学的(academicresearch/学术研究);acceptv.同意;成认;accessn.进进;通道;使用;接近(easyofaccess/易于接近;activityn.-ties活动;行动;行为(socialactivities/社会活动);actualadj.实际的;真实的;目前的;actuallyadv.实际上;真实地;acuteadj.敏锐的;灵敏的;剧烈的;急性的(疾病);adaptv.使适应;使适合;改编(adaptoneselftosth../适应……);addv.加，增添，增加(to)(addupto/总计为，总数达);inaddition/加上，又，另外;inadditionto/加上，除……外;adequateadj.足够的，恰当的，胜任的;adjustv.调整;调节;使适合;使适应(adjustoneselftosth./使自己适应……);admi rev.赞美;欣赏;钦佩(admiresb.forsth./因……而钦佩某人);admitv.让……进进，使获得(某种地位或特权)，接[容]纳，成认(事实、错误等)(admitsb.intotheuniversity/获准进大学);adoptv.采纳，采纳，选定(道路、职业等)，取(立场等)，收养;inadvanceadv.预先;advantagen.优势，优点，利益，便利(takeadvantageof/利用，欺骗);advertisementn.广告(=ad);advicen.劝讲，建议，通知(apieceofadvice/一条意见;giveadvice/提出忠告;take/followone’sadvice/同意忠告);advisev.建议，提意见，通知，告知(advisesb.todosth./劝某人做某事,advisethat../提早通知。
