复合句时态一致

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条件状语从句和时间状语从句与主句时态一致的情况

主从复合句中时态一致

(“主过从过,主将从现,主现从任”原则)

主从复合句中时态的一致是中考考点之一。主要有以下几种情况:

【主将从现】

在以when,after,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。例如:I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她。

If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的。

常见的有以下三种情况:

一、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时。如:

When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。

二、如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在

时。

如:Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.

我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。

三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时。

如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.

在阅览室时应保持安静。

【主过从过】

在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如:He asked when they would go to the party.

他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。

Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.

格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。

【主现从任】

在宾语从句中,当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,后面从句时态不受主句限制,可根据情况,选用各种适合的时态。例如:

Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗?

You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。

【特别关注】

1.当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时。例如:

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。

When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.

当我还是学生的时候,老师常常告诉我们,岁月不等人。

2.在"since+点时间"句型中,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。例如:

He has worked at the factory since he came here.

自从他来到这儿,他就一直在这家工厂上班。另外,在句型"It's+段时间+since+从句"中,since 后面的从句要用一般过去时。例如:

It's a long time since we met last.

自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。

3.在复合句中,如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去,而且有先后,则在先的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。例如:

When he got there, the train had left.

当他到那儿的时候,火车已经开了。

He said he had visited the school before.

他说他以前参观过那所学校。

【小试身手】

1. If he ___ harder , he will catch up with us soon.

(04 北京)A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied 2. I will go swimming with you if I ___ free tomorrow.

(04哈尔滨)A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was

3.If you ___ a chance to study in a foreign country ,just take it .

(04 苏州)A. getting B. had got C. will get D. get

4. Don’t leave until he ___ back.()

A. have come

B. comes

C. will come

D. came

5. “ Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow?” “ Oh, it will be put off if it ____.(04 黄冈)

A. snows

B. is snowing

C. snowed

D. will snow

6.-Tell him about the news when he ____ ,John. -Yes, I will.(04 宁波)

es

B.will come

C.would

D.is coming

7.Tomorrow we will go to the city park____ it is sunny.

(05 安徽) A.as soon as B. when C. if D. as 8.Please don’t leave until your teacher ___back.(05河南)A. will come B .came C. comes D. is coming