2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷.doc2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷(总分：212.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)______to enjoying travel abroad.（分数：2.00）A.barrierB.opponentC.challengeD.limitation2.He______the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident.（分数：2.00）A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.criticized3.A copyright protects authors and creators against______reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years.（分数：2.00）A.underminedB.unduplicatedC.unexpiredD.unauthorized4.Some teachers______their students' poor performance partially to a lack of intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.oweB.contributeC.attributeD.minister5.Many buildings here do not allow smoking; some will permit smoking only in______areas.（分数：2.00）A.designatedB.designedC.dedicatedD.descended6.The President______the public that taxes would not be increased after the election.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.secured7.The police are investigating how $ 20 million was illegally______out of the bank account.（分数：2.00）A.transformedB.transferredC.transmittedD.transplanted8.I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly______to it.（分数：2.00）A.excitedB.addictedC.interestedD.fascinated9.Most drugstores and big supermarkets have pharmacy(药房)department where the pharmacist will fill your______.（分数：2.00）A.presentationB.prepositionC.preservationD.prescription10.Many problems have______as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.（分数：2.00）A.risenB.arisenC.raisedD.aroused11.The peach tree they planted when they got married began to______fruit last year.（分数：2.00）A.makeB.growC.bearD.enjoy12.Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be ______from school.（分数：2.00）A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden13.The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison because he______a government official.（分数：2.00）A.bribedB.cheatedC.liedD.tricked14.As a lawyer, she has a high success______in the cases she handles.（分数：2.00）A.paceB.rateC.ratioD.percent15.After______research by a government council official confidently stated that this area of the sea is much safer than any other.（分数：2.00）A.partialB.absoluteC.extremeD.extensive16.The top floors of a building collapsed trapping a construction worker in the rubble(瓦砾), but he was______and can speak to rescuers.（分数：2.00）A.reasonableB.awakeC.consciousD.talkative17.The latest research seems to______that emotional maturity and self-knowledge is the key elements for success.（分数：2.00）A.implyB.confrontC.inquireD.encounter18.Although the nuclear radiation problems remain unsolved, the government's emphasis has been______from unclear to coal.（分数：2.00）A.attachedB.switchedC.locatedD.intended19.He is by no means a(n)______man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs.（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.ignorantC.traditionalD.disgraceful20.In many Middle Eastern cultures, deadline is taken as a(n)______and such business behavior may lose the overseas salesperson business.（分数：2.00）A.insultB.campaignC.favor/doc/a9734281.html,petition21.Apartments owned by business often have a fixed price, but private owners are more inclined to______.（分数：2.00）A.negotiateB.surrenderC.coordinateD.mediate22.Dr. Hamiltonian was only going to make some introductory remarks, but______giving the speech himself when the speaker came down with the flu.（分数：2.00）A.set upB.turned upC.ended up/doc/a9734281.html,e up23.______telephone service provides immediate access to related personnel, which is free of charge.（分数：2.00）A.ImmediateB.EmergencyC.EmergenceD.Emerging24.More than two parties in different locations can talk______via a conference call.（分数：2.00）A.singularlyB.mutuallyC.similarlyD.simultaneously25.Never talk about that restaurant in front of me. It is______satisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.nothing butB.anything butC.something butD.everything but26.We were all______by the riddle " Why Bob and Tom are not twins though they have the same parents and were born almost at the same time?".（分数：2.00）A.distortedB.detachedC.breachedD.baffled27.Don't keep us in______any longer. Tell us what happened so that we can give you a hand.（分数：2.00）A.suspenseB.doubtC.suspectD.suspicion28.I've been very lazy but I'm going to turn over a new______and work hard.（分数：2.00）A.pageB.leafC.paperD.piece29.You have to speak to her louder as her hearing is found to be slightly______.（分数：2.00）A.affectionateB.defensiveC.effectiveD.defective30.Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those______paintings from these unwanted materials.（分数：2.00）A.valuelessB.worthlessC.pricelessD.featureless31.On weekends, people are queuing in the supermarket to______for there are only a few cashes.（分数：2.00）A.check onB.check upC.check inD.check out32.If you don't______cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant.（分数：2.00）A.go offB.feel likeC.try outD.take up33.Do you______her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?（分数：2.00）A.classifyB.notifyC.simplifyD.justify34.He suggested transporting the goods by air. This is absolutely not______, for it will cost too much.（分数：2.00）A.genuineB.exclusiveC.practicalD.incredible35.It will be worth the effort even if you fail; the rewards you______will be great.（分数：2.00）A.reapB.boastC.assureD.cultivate36.I wish to______a master's degree in electric engineering after I graduate from college.（分数：2.00）A.pledgeB.exploreC.pursueD.approach37.The people were very happy to see the government taking measures to______the possibility of inflation.（分数：2.00）A.maintainB.facilitateC.encloseD.eliminate38.The investigation______evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.（分数：2.00）A.uncoveredB.outweighedC.overwhelmedD.evolved39.Mothers tend to be too______towards their children. They should let them see more of the world.（分数：2.00）A.hopefulB.protectiveC.modestD.considerate40.No other drugs are as good as this one; it must have been based on a(n)______formula.（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.stimulatingC.enormousD.overwhelming二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening then interprets what he/she has heard and validates(证实)it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too hard. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as —the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up？ More than 80 percent of the time,it is the wife who brings up tricky marital issues, while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isn't a symptom of a troubled marriage — it's true in most happy marriages. You'll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse, for everybody concerned —especially the children —than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so full of hostility that it's like a war zone. But sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriagesas miserable but stayed married were happy five years later. We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eats away at a marriage. "Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their difference," says Wolin. "He doesn't do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches too much TV. She's too lenient(宽容)with the kids. People think of these differences as problems, but they're actually opportunities to build marital muscles.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?（分数：2.00）A.Active listening has proven to be a little impractical.B.A majority of couples don't practice active listening.C.Active listening doesn't ensure happy marriages.D.Happy couples never shout at each other.(2).The phrase "clam up"(Line 5. Para. 1)probably means______.（分数：2.00）A.shut upB.get upC.show upD.cheer up(3).We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks that a happy marriage______.（分数：2.00）A.is always full of romance and passionB.requires the tolerance of the husbandC.may not be free of quarrels and fightsD.excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues(4).What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A bad marriage should and up in divorce to avoid further harmB.Divorce is not the best solution to bad marriage.C.Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children.D.Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage.(5).What's the main idea of the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Daily annoyances can do harm to marriages.B.Marriage is not for romance and passion.C.Differences are essential for happy marriages.D.Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages.Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other vegetation. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. "Good ozone" occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earth's surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful rays. "Bad ozone" is formed in the earth's lower atmosphere, near ground level, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months when the weather conditions needed to formground-level ozone —lots of sun, hot temperatures — normally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year. Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezing, coughing, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several months may cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone triggers a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time —particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Bad zone comes into existence in the Earth's upper atmosphere.B.Good zone appears in the Earth's lower atmosphere, near ground-level.C.Bad zone only damages crops and other vegetation.D.Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, and so on.(2).It can be learned from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.Urban smog mainly consists of "good ozone"B.Bad ozone protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet raysC.Ozone pollution is especially harmful to people's health in summerD.The states in the North and Northwest of the U. S may have the longest ozone season(3).What does the word "vulnerable"(Line 3, Para. 3)most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Hard to deal with.B.Harmful and dangerous.C.Easy to be hurt or affected.D.Hot in temper and hard to calm down.(4).According to the passage, ground-level ozone causes the following health problem EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.00）A.stomach cancerB.more serious asthmaC.decreased lung capacityD.pneumonia and bronchitis(5).We can see that the passage is mainly about______.（分数：2.00）A.good ozone and its function of protecting peopleB.ozone pollution and its effects on people's healthC.the measures mat Southern states of the U. S. should take against ozone pollutionD.how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollution School buildings themselvescan reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils' desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher's desk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher-and subject-centered view of education. Schools of the next generation, built after 1940, were lighter and airier and had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design. The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid-1950s. Folding interior walls — or no walls at all — permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory. In the newest buildings —called open schools —the use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes,and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education, the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative orliberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom. But it is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education.B.The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices.C.The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative.D.The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education quality.(2).What's the greatest difference between the earliest and the second generation schools?（分数：2.00）A.The former had separate classrooms for different grades while the latter not.B.Classrooms were laid out formally in the former while informally in the latter.C.Teaching methods are newer in the latter as compared with the former.D.Subjects are newer in the latter as compared with the former.(3).The word "carrel" in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.a small room with a deskB.a bookshelf with reference materialsC.a self-study aiding toolD.a computer with teaching courseware(4).According to the passage, we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect______.（分数：2.00）A.a teacher-centered view of educationB.a student-centered view of educationC.a subject-centered view of educationD.a practice-centered view of education(5).The author holds a(n)______view towards the open schools in terms of how they affect teaching practices.（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.objectiveC.doubtfulD.indifferentEvery successful person has one thing in common. If you asked how they were able to reach their career goals, the answer would undoubtedly be the same, a mentor. A mentor is someone who supports, coaches, and advises you along your career path. None of us stands alone and without proper guidance and support from someone that can show us the topes, our paths are more difficult. Women have been missing the boat when it comes to taking advantage of the wealth of information other successful women have. Though this may not be by choice, most women find it very difficult to connect with other women on this level. One study showed two overwhelming reasons why this group of women felt they were having such a difficult time. They agreed that because they face what is known as the concrete ceiling and the lack of successful women role models, their chances for success are very limited. Mentoring has long been recognized by our male counterparts as a necessary part of career advancement.A mentor can help you avoid common pitfall associated withyour career because they have been there and done that. Their advice can be invaluable to you at every level of your career. Even the most successful individuals and top level executives depend on mentors or career coaches to assist them in difficult situations and to improve their skills and knowledge. Mentoring is a very special and unique relationship that allows each person to benefit from the experience. Women who have chosen to volunteer as mentors, in most cases have been mentored themselves. They recognize the benefits of such a relationship and want to offer the same kind of support to someone else. Career success takes more than just your typical college education; it requires networking skills and the support of influential people. A mentor can introduce you to other influential people, offer advice, make suggestions for a particular career path and even let you vent your career frustrations. One of the most important decisions you should make about your career is to seek out a mentor and begin to build this very powerful and wonderful relationship to help insure your future career success.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.（分数：2.00）A.mentoring is quite prevalent among career "women", who tend to support, coach and advise those inexperienced womenB.some women lose some good chance for career success because other successful women are not so willing to offer helpC.sometimes even a mentor can's help you avoid making silly mistakes associated with your careerD.there are some exceptions such as the most successful individual and top level executive, who don't need mentors orcareer coaches(2).The phrase "the concrete ceiling"(Line 2, Para. 2)most probably mean______.（分数：2.00）A.official upper limit, existing as something real or solid rather than what is imagined in the mindB.the inner surface of the top of a room, being made of concreteC.the height above the concrete groundD.the greatest height at which a particular type of plane can fly safely(3).It can be learned from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.a person can achieve career success with or without a mentor behindB.some people can reach their career goals on their ownC.there is always a mentor behind every successful personD.successful career women are likely to offer help to other women(4).According to the passage, a mentor can do the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.giving you advice and making suggestions for a particular career pathB.introducing you to other influential people, who can help you achieve your career successC.helping you master the most up-to-date technologyD.even letting you express your frustrations about your career(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Men, women, and their career success.B.The importance of mentoring.C.Limited chances for career success.D.The common way to career success for women.Playing violent video games can have immediate and lasting effects on a person's thoughts and behavior, new research shows. In fact, researchers report that the interactive and increasingly graphic mature of some video games makes them "potentially more dangerous" than violence-charged television and movies. Psychologists Anderson and Dill conducted two studies. In one study of 227 college students, the investigators found that students who more frequently played violent video games during junior high and high school were more likely to have engaged in " aggressive behavior". A second study in which 210 college students played either a violent or non-violent video game revealed that the violence-packed game increased subjects' aggression immediatelyafterwards. In the first study, the investigators questioned students on their natural levels of aggression and irritability, and their delinquent(犯法的)behavior —for instance whether they had bit other students in the past year. The investigators found that students with aggressive personalities and those who more often played violent video games were more prone to real-life aggression. Students who considered themselves aggressive were also more likely to play violet video games. Since aggressive people may seek out violet games, coming to the conclusion that the video games caused real-life delinquency is too risky. However, the second study lined video-game violence with immediate increases in aggression. Anderson and Dill had students play either a violent game or a nonviolent game and let the students believe they were playing against an opponent in another room after completing the video game, participants played a competitive-reaction game with their imaginaryopponents, in this game the winner was allowed to publish the loser with a noise blast(响亮的噪音). The researchers found that students who were fresh from the violent video game blasted their opponents longer than those who played the nonviolent game. Because video games show short-term and long-term effects, Anderson and Dill suppose that videogame violence influences behavior not by arousing aggressive feelings, but by teaching players to find "aggressive solutions" to problems. Unlike TV, many video games demand that player identify with the aggressor and actively participate in violence.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, violent video games may be more dangerous than violent movies or TV programs because video games______.（分数：2.00）A.tend to be more violent/doc/a9734281.html,y more emphasis on violent actsC.require active involvement of playersD.arouse aggressive feelings more quickly(2).The purpose of the first study was to try to establish a cause effect relationship between ______.（分数：2.00）A.aggressive personality and real-life violenceB.violent behavior in the past and violent behavior at presentC.aggressive personality and more involvement in playing violent video gamesD.more involvement in playing violet video games and aggressive behavior(3).In order to find out the short-term effect of violent video game, researchers______.（分数：2.00）A.asked game players to blast the loser in the violent video gamesB.observed the behavior of game players when playing violent video gamesC.put game players into a real fight in a small room with aggressive opponentsD.observed game players' reaction to their imaginary opponents in competitive games(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Violent video games arouse aggressive feeling in game players.B.Violent video games inevitably result in delinquent behavior of game players.C.Violent video games teach players to solve problems in an aggressive ways.D.Violent video games have short terms and long-term effect on game players.(5).This best title of the passage can be______.（分数：2.00）A.Effects of Violent Video GamesB.Video Games Increase CrimesC.Video Games and PsychologyD.New Research Findings of Video Games.It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don't hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However, women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problemmight only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing. The ageat which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30's, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. I've watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them "tailored". Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often, wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out. "Fat medium or thin?" She knows the correct answer medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the day's meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, "Am I getting fatter?" His wife is expected to answer. "You look like you may have lost a few pounds. " And then there are the ex-husbands, a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn't eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think he's fat?（分数：10.00）(1).Which statement is FALSE concerning the attitude women take towards the fat problem?（分数：2.00）。
