单片机实践教学改革的研究的统计
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睡基;垒凰,《单片机技术及其应用》课程教学模式改革与探索宋军罡(郑州广播电视大学,河南郑州450007)——一主三学的实践方式睛要】在“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”项目的实施过程中。
在教与学的过程中,采用怎样的教学模式?经过7年的研究与实践,我们总结出了以学生自主学习为中心井围绕学生自主学习开展开放灵活的“支助服务?’(导学+助学+促嘲的开放教育教学模式。
饫-罐词]教学模式;一主三学;导学;助学;促学现代远程教育是指学生和教师、学生和学校之间采用多种媒体手段迸行系统教学和通讯联系的教育形式。
我校自1999年开始的开放教育试点过程中,十分重视对教学模式的研究和探索,在2003年提出了以“一主三学。
为基本内容的开放教育教学模式。
我依据这种教学模式,在弹片机技术及其应月D课程教学中得到了进_步的验证。
一、导学导学指为学习者自主学习方法上提供的指导。
可以分为专业导学、课程—体化导学、课程章节导学和实践导学等。
㈠专业导学主要指专业入学教育。
主要包括^学教育、专业思想教育、专!比学习技能培Ⅺ}|和专业学习计划指导等。
通过专业导学,要求学生根据自己的主客观条件,制定符合自己实际情况的个人学习计划:学会使用计算机和f N T ER N ET网络进行教学资源的查找与保存、视频点播和直播课堂的收看、BB S上的问题讨论、电子邮件的收发、Q Q聊天和文件传输等j远程教育的学习技能。
㈥课程一体化导学指课程辅导教师在整个教学过程中指导学生学习某一门课程时,在学习方法上的指导。
主要包括课程的学习计划指导、课程的学习方法指导、课程的各种学习支持服务的时间与地点的安排等。
通过课程—体化导学,要求学生制定课程学习和实蹦寸划。
在该教学环节中,我通过手机短信或电话通知学习该课的学生进入郑州电大的。
B B S论坛“——“机电—体化专业”——J弹片机技术及其应月务论坛”报到,并把学生个人的基本信息、学习和实践计划等发EM A IL给我,以建立教与学的联系,我再把课程的教学大纲、教学实施方案、教学资源的网址等资料以及根据不同学生的情况所分配的快、中、慢三个学习小组的名单发送给学生,由学生自由选择适合自己的力、组共同学习。
-- -- 单片机实践教学改革的研究的统计 SCM research statistical practice teaching reform 单片机原理及应用课程是高校计算机、自动化、测控技术及机械等专业的一门必修课程。该课程具有很强的理论性与实践性,在实际教学过程中,必须将理论教学与实践教学紧密结合,才能使学生真正掌握单片机的基础知识并灵活运用于生产实践。 Single-chip microcomputer principle and application of curriculum is the computer, automation, measurement and control technology and machinery of professional a required course. This course has a strong theoretical and practical, in the actual teaching process, must be closely combining theory teaching and practice teaching, to make students grasp the basic knowledge of single chip microcomputer and flexibly applied in production practice. 1 单片机实践教学的现状 1 microcontroller practice teaching present situation 目前,高等学校单片机实验室存在的主要问题是教学内容不足和教学手段落后[1]。验证性实验成了单片机的主要实验类型,实验过程中所用的编程语言为汇编语言。验证性实验的定位是学生根据实验指导书来操作。实验指导书上有实验内容、实验原理、程序流程图和硬件接线。由于实验课时有限,教师只能简单地讲授一下实验的基本思路和操作方法,导致学生在整个实验过程中具有一定的盲目性。学生-- -- 也没有循序渐进地去思考实验的意义,只是跟着做了一遍,严重影响了实验教学效果。这样对学生有三方面不利的影响。(1)学生缺乏对硬件的认识,因为实验箱的构造是模块化,学生看不到内部真正的结构。(2)学生的动手能力以及综合应用能力没有得到提高。(3)学生在校期间学习的单片机知识和社会需求有一定差距。因为现在社会上使用的单片机编程都是C语言,而学生仍然使用汇编语言。 At present, the main problems of single chip microcomputer laboratory in colleges and universities is insufficient teaching content and teaching method [1]. Confirmatory experiment is the main experimental types of MCU, assembly language is the programming language used in the experiments. Positioning of verification experiment is students instructions to operate according to the experiment. Experimental guide books have experiment content, experiment principle, program flow chart and hardware connection. Simply due to the limited experiment lesson, the teacher can teach the basic ideas and operation method of the experiment, causes students to have certain blindness in the whole experiment process. Students also does not have to think step by step experiment of meaning, just follow to do it again, seriously affecting the effects of experimental teaching. The adverse effects that there are three aspects for students. (1) the students lack of understanding of the hardware, because the structure of the experiment box is modular, students see the internal structure of real. (2) the students' practical ability -- -- and comprehensive application abilities are not improved. (3) the SCM knowledge and social demand of students during the period of school learning has certain gap. Because now the society using single-chip microcomputer is the C language programming, and students still use assembly language. 2 单片机实践教学内容与方法的改革 2 microcontroller practice teaching content and method reform 2.1 项目导向代替知识体系导向 2.1 project oriented instead of knowledge oriented 对单片机应用系统进行基本的开发是单片机课程教学的目的。大部分高校单片机课程教学大纲都要求几十个学时的理论学习和若干学时的实验,但是教学效果不理想。教师使用传统的教学方法,在教学中以知识体系为导向。而单片机课程的特殊性在于它与实践联系非常紧密,并且包含多门课程的知识,教师和学生都觉得比较难掌握。经过探索与研究,我们对这门课开展项目导向教学法。学生在教师指导下亲自操控项目的全过程,在这一过程中学习掌握教学大纲的内容。学生全部或部分独立组织、安排学习行为,解决项目实施中遇到的困难。提高了学生的兴趣,自然能调动学习的积极性。因此,项目导向教学法是一种典型以学生为中心的教学方法,不再把将教师所掌握的知识技能传递给学生作为追求的目标,或者说不是简单地让学生按照教师的安排和讲授去得到一个结果,而是在教师的指导下,学生去寻找得到这个结果的途径,最终得到结果,并进行展示和自我评价,-- -- 学习的重点在于学习过程而非学习结果,他们在这个过程中锻炼了各种能力。教师已经不在教学中占主导地位,而是成为学生学习过程中的引导者、指导者和监督者,学生具有很高的积极性。 For basic development of single chip microcomputer application system is single chip microcomputer of teaching purpose. Most of the college course syllabus require dozens of period of theoretical study and several hours of the experiment, but the teaching effect is not ideal. Teachers use the traditional teaching method, in the teaching of knowledge oriented. And the particularity of the course lies in its tightly linked with practice, and the included information on courses, teachers and students feel difficult to grasp. After exploration and research, this course for us to carry out the project oriented teaching method. Under the guidance of students in teachers personally handling process of the project, in the process learning to master the content of the syllabus. Students all or part of the independent organizations, arrange learning behavior, to deal with the difficulties encountered in the project implementation. Improve the students' interest, nature can arouse the enthusiasm of learning. Therefore, project oriented teaching method is a typical student centered teaching method, not to pass the teacher knowledge skills to students as the goal, or is not simply to let the students according to the arrangement of the teachers and teaching to get a result, but under the guidance of teachers, students to find ways to get the result, finally get the results, and to