2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—选词填空（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit (31) _______ when we finally give up smoking.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the (32) _______ of infections as well as long -lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair -like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and (33) _______ of breath.Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the (34) _______ sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to (35) _______ of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous (36) _______ in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and (37) _______ bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost (38) _______ and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates (39) _______. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. Butfortunately, such effects are usually (40) _______. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.31.G 32. C 33. I 34. A 35. E 36. B 37. K 38. F 39. J 40. HTwo【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond Mobile Money: The Future of Asia’s FinTechMobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years. But FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact（交易）-- the space is much more horizontal, short cutting how we create, share, and protect value.The latest product of FinTech companies to （31）_________ in Asia Pacific illustrates the many ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet. It is important for all businesspersons to be aware of these trends, as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities for companies to （32）________ with them. And, on a much deeper level, new FinTechs may(33) ______________ consumer expectations in even other tech industries. The Smart-phone Emerges a Credit - Scoring StandardWith close to half a billion(34）____________ consumers in Southeast Asia alone, there is an entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit - worthiness to give them（35）________ to finance. Unfortunately, since they don’t have bank accounts, such FinTechs cannot rely on（36）________ financial information or credit card payments.One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smart-phone-based credit scoring. It has （37）____________ broad global support, including from the likes of the World-Bank. In one of its reports, the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data was a key to financial（38）__________, as it could improve customer recording, and, in turn, get an access to credit.AI Combines with the Wisdom of the CrowdThe most common slogan in today’s tech headlines is the “artificial intelligence.” Readers are fascinated with how AI has the（39）______ to transform every consumer and enterprise（企业）industry. While such focusis appropriate that AI will （40）_______ change the world, it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand - in -hand with its rise: the wisdom of the crowd.31-40 BEGKA JHCFDThree【浦东新区】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Criticism of the Fast FashionIn the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was (31) ______ over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, (32) ______in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more(33) ______. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to (34) ______ their wardrobe( 衣橱) every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have controlled fashion cycles, shaking an industry long (35) ______ to a seasonal pace.The (36) ______ of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that (37) ______ natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be imitated.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to (38) ______ their impact on labor and theenvironment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers. She exhibits the idealism (39) ______ to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanit y( 虚荣心 ) is a constant; people will only start shopping more (40) ______ when they can’t afford not to.31-40 HBGIA KEFDJFour【长宁/金山区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Marketing the MoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) (31)_______ moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR (Public Relations) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing(32) ________ and co-author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive viral event that (33)________ the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only (34)_________ a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It （35）_________its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that（36）_________.” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walkon the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo（37）__________, didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would （38）________ from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the （39）__________ itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.Come landing day, which（40）______ fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meer-man Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”31-35 HFBIC 36-40 KGEADFive【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there's growing concern about the (31) ______ health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely (32) ______ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was (33) ______ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a (34) ______ kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than 5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They may (35) ______ from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.Humans are known to (36) ______ the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can (37) ______ harmful microbes（微生物）.Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches. They included insects that cause gastroenteritis （肠胃炎）and wound (38) ______ in humans.“Microplastics are being found (39) ______ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It's no use looking back in 20 years' time and saying: ‘If only we'd realized just how bad it was.' We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a coun try and a world, how we can be reducing our (40) ______ on plastic.”31-40 GAKHI DECBFSix【闵行区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Time: is there ever enough of it? In today’s modern world, most of us are(31) __________ with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier?A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth” of being busy suggests that while （32）__________ brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the（33）________ for our time and our ability to use it effectively.While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n) （34）__________ on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.Another thing technology has （35）_________ us is the blurring（难以区分）between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being “on” is a(n) （36）________ state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronicdevices an hour or two before bed.Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a（37）__________strategy. But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more（38）__________.People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel （39）____ about, it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more, but （40）___ to figure out how to want less.31-40 JAEHG KIBFCSeven【奉贤区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood-hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems Venetians(威尼斯人) are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to （31）its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.The historic flooding this week---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has（32）calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures and its（33）vulnerability.Flood damage has been（34）estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（35）78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（36）this week.With the system not yet completed or even（37）tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros ($5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including（38）some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino-Alto-Adige with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax（39）to encourage Venice’s repopulation.Just 53,000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance（40）or neighbors in need. Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals, which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.31-40 BEAKJ GCHFIEight【静安区】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Founding Father of China’s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(不扩散核武器条约), only five countries are considered to be “nuclear-weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been （31）-__ __ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly-founded People’s Republic of China with （32）___________ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working（33）__________ with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its （34）__________ withChina and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to （35）__35__ the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule (嘲笑) following the（36）______________ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our（37）_________ to this cause.”As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the （38）__________ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was（39）__________ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development .Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was （40）__ _, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.31-40KFACG IEBDHNine【崇明县】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stephen Hawking: The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of PhysicsThere aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status. Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes （31）____________ how scientiststhink about the nature of the universe. Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking's, says that at a young age. Hawking （32）__________ something “truly remarkable”. Krauss says before Hawking，physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole（33）____________ everything in and nothing could escape. But by combining quantum mechanics (量子力学）and the theory of relativity, Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity. Krauss says Hawking pointed out a(n) （34）___________ problem in the way physicists understand our world一a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn’t just a(n) （35）___________ of his research. Hawking, who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak, was also a popular public（36）___________ and best-selling author. When he came to scientific conferences，the audience focused their attention on him. And it wasn’t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great （37）___________ for him. His popular book about his work, A Brief History of Time, was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read, most-bought book ever. This showed Hawking's sense of humor.That sense of humor, along with his fame,（38）__________ Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life, Hawking’s disease left him almost（瘫痪的）.It look an enormous （39）__ __ for Hawking to communicate, using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer. It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his （40）________ challenges.31. D32. F33. A34. J35. C 36. H37. I38. B39. G40. ETen【普陀区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Autism Spectrum DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, affects how people communicate with and relate to others. Most people with autism don’t understand some of the basic social (31)__________that others take for granted. They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures. And over one-third of peoplewith ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don’t use speech. Along with communication（32）___________, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or（33）__________ behaviors. Many are sensitive to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects. Some have（34）_____________disabilities, but about half have average or above average IQs. It’s also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music, or art.With such a wide variety of symptoms, no two people with ASD are alike. The behaviors vary so much that they used to be（35）_________as different disorders. One was Asperger Syndrome, where people obsess over particular topics,（36）__________nonverbal social cues, and may not understand appropriate social behaviors.Even though there’s no cure for ASD, therapy and medication can help people adjust. Scientists are also doing clinical （37）_________to find other solutions. They’ve learned that 1 out of every 68 children in the US has the disorder, but they still aren’t sure what causes it.No matter why it happens, ASD is being （38）____ at a higher rate every year. This doesn’t mean it’s becoming more common. It just means more people are aware of the condition and getting professional help early, and awareness is (39)___ . The more we learn about autism, the more we can understand and relate to those who have it.It’s important to note that people with ASD deserve the same respect, fairness and chances that people without ASD receive. This will help people with ASD （40）____ and grow in our communities.31-40 B G J F C I K E D AEleven【嘉定区】Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Emphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLOS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also (31) children’s joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods (32) information, they need to be allowed to be (33) and be encouraged to learn by doing, " said Adele Diamond, the study's lead author. "Indeed, people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told”.Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues (34)______ the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind(Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic (35)______is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools (36)_______ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness(入学资格)than intelligence quotient(Q),” said Diamonds. “This experiment is the first to show (37)______ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more (38)_______behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt (39)_______and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. "I have enjoyed seeing the (40)________ progress my students have made in writing and reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school, even if they were sick.”31-35 GHFJB 36-40 AIDECTwelve【松江区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is it possible to make paper without trees? Australian businessmen Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse spent a year researching a possible （31）__________ that could serve as a possible raw material for making paper. Then Garcia read about a Taiwanese company making commercial paper out of stone and a(n)（32）___________ struck.A year later, in July 2017, they launched Karst Stone Paper. The company produces paper without using wood or water. Their source is stone waste （33）_________ from construction sites and other industrial waste dumps.“If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made, it （34）_________ chopping trees, adding chemicals, using lots of water and then（35）___________, drying and flattening it into sheets of paper,” said Garcia. “It contributes to high carbon emission and deforestation.”In 2019, Garcia estimates Karst’s paper production has helped save 540 large timber trees（成材木）from being deforested, 83,100 liters (21,953 gallons) of water from being used and 25,500 kilograms (56,218 pounds) of carbon dioxide from being （36）________.“We collect disposed limestone（石灰石）from wherever we can find it, wash it, and grind it into fine powder,” he said. The powder is mixed with a HDPE resin（高密度聚乙烯树脂）, which （37）___________ over time from sunlight, leaving only calcium carbonate（碳酸钙）behind.The paper can be as thin as notebook paper or as thick as a cardboard paper and is waterproof, （38）_______and difficult to tear. The notebooks cost $10 to $25. Karst’s products are mainly sold through the company’s website, but are also stocked in 100 stores,（39）___________ throughout Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. “Over 70% of the customers are US - based,” he said.The hope to have the notebooks in 1,000 stores by the end of the year. Garcia said they are now thinking about （40）____________investors for the first time in order to scale up their operations. They declined to reveal how much the company makes or their annual revenue.31- 40 DGJHI KCFEAThirteen【杨浦区】Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have (31)______ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early (32)______ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest。
