最新上海高考英语选词填空专项练习资料

上海高考英语题型训练：选词填空Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world wher e ____31____ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success. Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is____32____ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something – say painting or speaking foreign languages –but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally(理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control – your behavior, your planning, your reactions – and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it – a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too mu ch time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one. 31-40 DEAHB FCIJGenvy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Kilometer, was used to de determine the size of thefloods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a Shauf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n)___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition （迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.31-40 G J A B D C E I H FUnit 3.Dogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogsare aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attentionstate of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear t o support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter awayfrom a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distractedand with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they 39 facial expressions. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved asthey were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seemto have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us, ”she said.31-40 HDFKE GABCICanada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet_____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movement and bright colours. The calm, green aurora displays that many people see are driven bya(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious _____35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles,____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout help up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies. 31-40 JBAED KCFGIwhen the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through over sweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32)_______ this over heatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34)_______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applyingcool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40)_______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F. 31-40 FHIAG JKEBCThey’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older bro thers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, Myspace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “T hey should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen31-40 JEHAG KIBFCUnit 7,used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin’s basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra, functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（胶原质）___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）. It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical ___35___, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’ Ordeal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient’s body.31-40 FCEAI KJGBDIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists. A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names. The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their me al 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groupsate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week. Brian Wans ink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n)__40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas. 31-40 IEDCJ AGKHFNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children. There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, accord ing to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fader __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more likely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we shoul d stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in thepre-adolescents. Of course, there’s more work to be done. The experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, andparent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.31-40 FKBAG CHEIJ。

上海高考英语选词填空专项试————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accurateB. alterationC. averageD. calculatesE. concealF. enormouslyG. initialH. intervalsI. merelyJ. multiplyK. predictionBeyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.Keys:41-45 KJIGH 46-50 AFDECSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. countlessB. exhaustedC. comparisonD. essentialE. estimatesF. distinctiveG. relativelyH. clearedI. unfortunatelyJ. recycledK. restrictsRain forests, found in Earth’s temperate and tropical (热带的) zones, are some of the most biologically varied ecosystems on the planet. All rain forests share certain ___41___ features, including a closed canopy, thedensevegetation of thetop branches that forms a roof above the forest floor, a damp and warm climate, and ___42___ constant temperatures throughout the year. Most of the forest’s insect and animal life grows wel l in the canopy’s leafy and sunlit environment. The forest’s groundcover, by comparison, is small. Less than 2 percent of the sun’s light makes its way through the canopy and the darkness below. This darkness, along with the poor quality of the soils, ___43___ plant growth.Rain forests are a(n) ___44___ part of Earth’s total ecology. Huge amounts of water are absorbed into tree roots and ___45___ into the atmosphere from the tree leaves through a process called transpiration(蒸发). Tree roots also fix the soil in place and slow the runoff of rains into rivers and oceans. Through the process of photosynthesis (光合作用), rain forests absorb more carbon dioxide and give off more oxygen than any other ecosystem.The rain forests are ___46___ shrinking at a rapid rate as a result of the profitable ventures of farming, logging, and mining. When tropical rain forests are ___47___ in order to raise cattle and crops, the nutrient-poor soils are quickly___48___. When farmers move on to new areas, heavy rains and baking sun leave the land fruitless and lifeless. Logging and mining cause similar damage to the land and destroy the territory of ___49___ millions of birds, insects and animals. By some ___50___, an area of tropical rain forest the size of the state of Delaware disappears in this way every month.Keys:41-45 F G K D J 46-50 I H B A ESection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. challengedB. functionsC. solvedD. deservesE. mirrorsF. practicalG. furtherH. urgeI. presenceJ. opposingK. survival“In wilderness is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed 41 a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The 42 to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform 43 that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the 44 view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human 45 , or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merelystruggle for 46 . While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no 47 reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being 48 by the other participants. One opinion is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a 49 question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously 50 much more serious thinking.KEYS41. E 42. H 43. B 44. J 45. I 46. K 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. DSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A peak B. prospect C. intense D. indicating E. mildF. uncertainty G. unusually H. complicated I. applied J. prepare K. modelA drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___41___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___42___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___43___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10, which was a(n) ___44___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___45___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people’s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___46___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___47___of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role inlong-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___48___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___49___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___50___ to other solar cycles," she said.41-50 JAHGC DBKFISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. loweringB. conditionsC. warningD. seeminglyE. inconclusiveF. frequentlyG. reactionsH.alternativeI.interestinglyJ. propertiesK. mixingNot so far in the distant past a study on water pollution found that common, everyday makeup products being washed down the drain was ending up in well and drinking water. Now a study has found that people pollute themselves. Many of the pollutants are linked to cancer and other serious health 41 . What’s the key cause of this pollution? Common household items, 42 ，appear to be used more by women than men. These include makeup, hair spray and commercial, chemically-made perfumes. These are perfumes that are 43 advertised as having some sort of beneficial effect on the body and are even suggested as a replacement for natural essential oils. Studies on the effectiveness of fragrance oils and health benefits have been 44 , something neglected to be mentioned. If the chemical scent has cancer-causing properties, it may not make sense to try and useit for helping you sleep or 45 your blood pressure. Manufacturers argue that the risk is non-existent as the levels of chemicals found in the tests were so small. However, with over 60 chemicals being found, many of which were non-existent before the turn of the century, researchers make note that these chemicals may be enough to cause problems.Since the products mentioned are often used by women, it leaves one to wonder if conditions, 46 unheard of before the turn of the century, are linked to man-made chemicals? Perfumes in particular, when chemical, have been linked to asthma(哮喘) and other sensitive 47 . Some groups are asking the government to order manufacturers to place 48 labels on each bottle.Essential oils and real fragrance oils provide a wonderful 49 to commercial fragrances. They also have other properties and effects on the body which have been scientifically proven. In addition, you can actually formulate your own scent quite easily! There are many books on perfume 50 and the use of essential oils, some quite in-depth and others rather fun. Nowadays there are also many companies making perfumes from pure essential oils.Keys:41-45 BIFEA 46-50 DGCHK。

A. fulfillB. assumeC. dema ndsD.Whe n Michelle Obama became first lady of the Un ited States on January20, she bega n to join her husba nd in a part nership to tran sform the publicface America prese nts to the world. In the process, she is expected to__ 41 __ a new role that offers excit ing opport un ities and challe nges.Although the positi on of first lady is un elected and un paid, a preside nt ' s spouse has many official duties, some practical and some ceremonial or__ 42 __ . As first lady, Michelle Obama will ___ 43 __ h er cou ntry whe ntraveling overseas, and she will preside （担任）as hostess at White Housestate dinners and other importa nt fun cti ons. In additi on, she will 44 __con ti nue meeti ng with citize ns across the Un ited States, much as she diddur ing the 2008 preside ntial campaig n.Modern . first ladies often devote part of their time to a public-serviceage nda of their own choos ing. Michelle Obama already has in dicated she is__ 45 __ in terested in the __ 46 __ of military families, and her effortson their behalf almost certai nly w ill en sure that those families ' n eeds receive high-level atte nti on.On a more ___ 47 __ l evel, the first lady has told reporters she intendsto ___ 48 __ her obligations as “ morrin- chief ” to the Obamas ' two young daughters, Malia and Sasha, as the girls adjust to their new home at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Her balancing act should be familiar to working motherseverywhere as she strives to meets the __ 49 __ of a fast-paced job while carving out time with her husband and children.41-49 B J F G D H E A CA. avoiding B . regard C . correctForeigners—often fail—to appreciate —eting in France.The French shake hands with every on e(family, childre n, stra ngers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way homefrom work, etc. Thus, in anoffice , perhaps a doze n people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remi nd each other who they are.However, it is importa nt to remember with whom one has shake n hands onany one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not take n eno ugh 43 for the first time.It is still the 44 to say “ Bonjour ” and “ Au revoir ” to otherswhe n en teri ng or leav ing a shop or bar. This is not because the Fre nch are too 45 . It is because they see ack no wledg ing(注意)the existe nee of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them.Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed.But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules.The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right.41. BC 42 . B 43 . BD 44 . AB 45 . CD 46 . A 47 . AD48. D 49 . CBarack Obamdnas been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the preside nt _____ 41 __ t he Chin ese with a lively questi on-an d-a nswer sessi on with college stude nts. In fact, he is the first . preside nt to visit China in side his first year in office.“The United States insists we do not seek to contain China ' s rise, ”he told Chi nese stude nts in Shan ghai. “ On the con trary, we welcome Chi na as a strong and ____ 42 __ and successful memberof the community of nations. ”The relationship has opened the door to partnerships on 43 globalconcerns including economic recovery, clean energy, climate change, and the 44 of peace and bey ond, he added.In deed, give n these press ing issues, China and the Un ited States have__ 45 __ found their future linked together. They discovered that the largest develop ing n atio n and the most powerful in dustrialized country have to work in con cert.Obama s visit to China on November 15-18 highlighted the complexity of arguably the most importa nt bilateral （双边）relati on ship in the world.Moreover, for all their differences and disagreements, Beijing and Washington are 46 _____ to man agetheir relati ons in a way that will con tribute to worldpeace and developme nt.Obama kicked off his first state visit to China in the country ' s financial and economic centre, Shanghai, where he held a “town hall ” meeting with more than 500 Chinese students. The one-hour discussion, during which Obama took _________ 47 __ ranging from an titerrorism to recipes for success withhis sig nature charisma （领袖魅力）,was broadcast live on the websites.He __ 48 __ that young people could help build bridges in ___ 49 __ —a process that he said must grow beyond the two countries ' governments to take root in the people.41—45 GDACJ 46—49 BHEIThe pollution of the earth ' s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Un til rece ntly, most of that concern has focused on the land 41 ___ of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine （海洋的）pollution is 42_ importa nt. Accord ing to . Pat in, mari ne polluti on is the con diti on that results whenpeople introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or 43 . ________________Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a 44 place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Someof these wastes are eate n directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly 45 in to ________________________________________a kind of organic soup that provides food to 46 species of single-celled pla nt and ani mal life.As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumpedinto the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed 47 of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situati on cha nged, however, whe n sudde nly factories bega n dump ing enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas n ear large cities, ocea n pollutio n bega n to 48 marin e life. For the first time, the ocea ns bega n to fail in their ability to 49 ____ humanity ' s waste.41. C 42. A 43. J 44. H 45. D 46. F 47. G 48. ESecti on B49. BHapp in ess, accord ing to the Oxford En glish dicti on ary, is based on luckor good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion ofpleasure. Thus, happ in ess depe nds on __41__; joy, on our emoti onalwell-be ing.If you know joyful people, you will probably no tice com mon traits among them. Joyful people are ofte n healthy, both __42__ and men tally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don ' t allow the extremes of life -- sudde n highs or sudde n lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.Teachi ng ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we cando to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emoti on that arises from within us and is n ot __46__ by the thi ngs that happe n to us. In stead of look ing for exter nal thi ngs to provide happ in ess in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. Wemust educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about aspecial pers on or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful.Let' s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful both --our lives will behappier and healthier for it.Vocabulary 41-49 D C I A F E J H BA. handsB.C. dow nD.E. prettyqualitie curiosits yF. looksG.H.I.J.ashamed applied ruined in formationWhen I succeeded in becoming a part-time employee of Nokia China last summer, many friends asked me how I survived the in terview.I once asked myself the same questi ons. Many of my peers also __41__ forthe job, including somevery competitive and intelligent students from famous uni versities.But why did the in terviewer pick me in stead of themFin ally, __42 __ pushed me to ask the in terviewers after we became colleagues. The an swer was that I appeared con fide nt but humble, resp on sible and com muni cative. They evaluated people no t just on their academic certificates, but on the base of their __43__ and abilities. I happened to be the right person.To be frank, I once felt __44__ of being a student from an unknown college, and I think this may apply to some of you. I thought my future was ruined.It was only at the time of my successful interview that I finally understood the famoussaying --- “You decide where you go. ”A wide range of skills is important these days. I used to work for Master Kong. My job was to cook instant noodles for customers. I had regarded it as a piece of cake, but I failed constantly. I had to cook the noodles for the right amount of time to make them taste good. Moreover, the noodles could only remain in a plastic cup of five minutes, or the taste would be __45__.This experience taught me never to look __46__ on anything, and always remain humble.I also worked as a volunteer for a beach volleyball event. My job was to help foreign visitors experience the beach. I thought it would be very easy because my oral English was __47__ good. But whenI went to talk with a group of foreign guests, I suddenly realized that I did not know a single beach volleyball term. I was embarrassed.After this, I read brochures in both Chinese and English every day to learn the terms for facilities and related words. This allowed me to deliver accurate __48__ to foreigners, and I was happy to work responsibly.After these experience, I ' m more confident and I strongly believe thatmy fate is in my __49__. It has certainly helped memake a giant step closer to my dream of graduating with prospects for the future. I hope my advice will benefit you as well.41-45 HDBGI 46-49 CEJA。

Passage onePrevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemicsA. relevantB. transmitC. schedulesD. simplifiedE. occurrenceF. advancesG. stimulating H. features I. preferable J. imposing K. efficientIt's an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.Under normal circumstances, the most effective way to prevent illness is to vaccinate according to national immunisation (31) ______. Widespread immunisation programmes in Europe have made previously deadly diseases such as smallpox(天花) and polio(小儿麻痹症) a thing of the past.This study looked specifically at epidemic outbreaks. They found that in such cases targeting carefully selected individuals with vaccination can be successful in containing the outbreak, even with only a relatively small number of individuals getting the (32) ______ shot.The scientists ran physics-based simulations on networks which sought to replicate the way individuals interact with one another in the real world, such as through the global air transportation network. The simulations are (33) _______ versions of computational frameworks commonly used to investigate the global spread of real-world epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Nevertheless, they help understanding basic (34) ______ of the more complicated and realistic models.In the simulations, individuals correspond to 'nodes' that can (35) ______ an infection through the links between them. The scientists found that quarantining nodes after the outbreak of an epidemic very quickly becomes ineffective. Quite early on in a simulated outbreak, even the 'do nothing' (non-intervention) strategy becomes (36) ______ to quarantine.Targeted vaccination was found to be the best option in nearly all epidemic cases. The scientists used a vaccination strategy based on 'optimal percolation', which consists of finding the least set of nodes that, when removed from a network, can fragment it into small clusters. The idea behind this approach is that fragmenting thenetwork ensures infections are contained within small groups, hence preventing the (37) ______ of large outbreaks.This might all seem like common sense, but preventive vaccination is not common practice for all illnesses and for some, vaccines do not yet exist. The norovirus outbreak at this year's Winter Olympic Games is an example where quarantine has been used as the option available to health officials. Medical professionals have attempted to initially contain the outbreak by (38) ______ quarantine on the hundreds of staff who were unlucky enough to catch the virus. Despite these measures, the illness is continuing to spread and has started to affect some of the athletes.In recent years, physicists have made significant (39) ______ in the field of network immunisation, developing increasingly (40) ______ techniques to immunise a network by the 'removal' (vaccination) of a few nodes. This knowledge can help to support health policy as policymakers look to ensure increased global security against epidemics.（434）【参考答案】CADHB IEJFK【原文翻译】Prevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemics预防胜于治疗：有针对性地接种疫苗以阻止流行病It’s an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.这几乎总是比什么都不做或试图通过隔离控制疫情更有效的选择。

名师精编 欢迎下载 When Michelle Obama became first lady of the United States on January 20, she began to join her husband in a partnership to transform the public face America presents to the world. In the process, she is expected to ___41____ a new role that offers exciting opportunities and challenges. Although the position of first lady is unelected and unpaid, a president’s spouse has many official duties, some practical and some ceremonial or ___42____. As first lady, Michelle Obama will ___43___ her country when traveling overseas, and she will preside(担任) as hostess at White House state dinners and other important functions. In addition, she will ___44___ continue meeting with citizens across the United States, much as she did during the 2008 presidential campaign. Modern U.S. first ladies often devote part of their time to a public-service agenda of their own choosing. Michelle Obama already has indicated she is ___45___ interested in the ___46___ of military families, and her efforts on their behalf almost certainly will ensure that those families’ needs receive high-level attention. On a more ___47___ level, the first lady has told reporters she intends to ___48___ her obligations as “mom-in-chief” to the Obamas’ two young daughters, Malia and Sasha, as the girls adjust to their new home at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Her balancing act should be familiar to working mothers everywhere as she strives to meets the ___49___ of a fast-paced job while carving out time with her husband and children. 41-49 B J F G D H E A C

上海市高考英语最新精选练习：语法填空（含答案）上海市高考英语精选最新语法填空练习21篇(1)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a sophomore (二年级学生），I am feeling the time flies. Recalling about the past one year, so many thoughts (1) _________ (flood) in my mind. At this time, 1 just can’t tell my real idea. The memory is just like so fresh, and all (2) _________ things happened yesterday!When first day I came to University, I really feel that the school is very good, but at the first sight of the dormitory, something (3) _________ (disappoint) come up to me! The condition of the dormitory is really very poor with only one room, no lavatory! I saw something sad in my father’s eyes, maybe that time he thought of the poor condition! So with a big smile on my face, I told my father “it doesn’t matter, Dad. In this kind of condition, I will get myself (4) _________ (good)!5, My father felt better. But when he was coming back, seeing his back, I just wanted to cry! I felt in this city I was just isolated, from that time, I said to myself, you have no others (5) _________ can help you here, just depend on yourself.And then I came to my dormitory 303. I considered that I would spend four years here (in fact I moved to another one year later) and my dorm mates (6_________ (be) all there. Most of them came from Sichuan and they were chatting with a happy voice,but I can5t understand them! Again, I felt myself (7) _________ (isolate)! I hated that kind of feeling, and then I said hello to them!To my surprise they are very friendly to me and warm-hearted! I no longer felt afraid. And I got along well with them. But at the first night here, I burst out to tears in that I was missing my family. I don’t know (8) _________ Everyday when I was at home, I was just eager to go to school, (9) _________ (experience) the wonderful college life but when coming here, I am just eager to go back! Ifs quite strange though, you (10) _________ know this kind of feeling!答案：1，are flooding 2, the 3, disappointing 4, better 5, who 16, are 7, isolated 8, why 9, to experience 10, must(2)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I felt in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search I found one and (1) _____ ____ my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked (2) _________ the bars at my jailer (看守）.He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him “Have you got a light?” He looked at me, s hrugged and came over to light my cigarette. (3) _________ he came close and lit the match, his eyes inadvertently (无意地）locked with mine. At that moment^ I smiled. I don’t know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, (4) _________ you get veryclose, one to another, it is very hard not to some. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was (5) ____ _____ a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped throu gh the bars and generated a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, (6) _________ (look) at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.I kept smiling at him, now aware of him as a person and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new impression too. Do you have kids? he asked Yes, here, here. I took out my wallet and nervously looked for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes (7) _________ (fill) with tears. I said that I feared that I’d never see my family again, never have the chance to see them (8)_________ (grow) up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the jail, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the tow aMy life (9) _________ (save) by a smile. Yes, the smile? The unaffected, unplanned, natural connection between people. I really believe that (10) _________ that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn’t be2。

上海高考英语核心词汇讲与练Day 3一．“单句选词填空”专项训练Exercise 71. He is respected by all his colleagues as he always keeps his __________.2. In crosscultural munication,. we should learn to talk in an __________ manner.3. You can't fully __________ it if you only read foreign literature in translation.4. The scientists determined to apply __________ rain to ensure the proper growth of the crops.5. I firmly hold the belief that cheap __________ are usually poor in quality.6. The injured mechanic was __________ so carefully that he soon recovered his health.7. The academic __________ of that university left a deep impression on all the visitors.8. He is such a shy boy that he always feels __________ in the presence of 在...面前the girls.9. The visitors needn’t worry when in trouble as hundreds of the volunteers are __________ for help at the Expo site.10. Don't lose heart. I suggest you try another __________ to solving this problem.Exercise 81. Damages of the destructive earthquake which occurred in that county were __________ at 10,000.000 dollars.2. The police rushed to the scene and arrested the __________ robber before he had time to resist.3. The owners of the coal mines had formed an __________ to protect their own interests.4. Nothing can __________ the fact that we were defeated by the weak team due to our lack of cooperation.5. The prisoner made an __________ to escape from the jail on the remote island but failed.6. After graduation, he began to work in a hospital __________ to a famous university.7. His marriage to the daughter of the boss led him to an __________ to fame and wealth.8. That teacher was popular with the class as she could successfully __________ students’ interest in learning.9. It is __________ kind of you to help the aged in your munity on weekends.10. If the firealarm goes, all the staff should __________ in the square outside the building.Exercise 91. Lack of money is the to educational progress __________ in those underdeveloped Areas.2. This washing machine is fully __________ operate it so It is convenient for anyone to operate it.3. It seems that his superior will never __________ of his design, no wonder he always feels annoyed.4. I bet you can __________ a lot from reading literature masterpieces as well as contemporary works.5. He was injured in his right hand, so the clerk in the bank had to __________to fill in the forms.6. In the firstaid courses, the students are taught how to __________ the wounds properly.7. In that humorous story, that selfish man was __________ punished by his colleagues.8. As we all know, all the vehicles of the hospitals __________ an emblem of a red cross.9. The naughty boy was scolded as he __________ badly towards the teacher and the principal.10. All the visitors to Shanghai were deeply impressed with the beautiful __________ on the Bund.二．词性转换和翻译训练一、语法填空。

上海高考英语题型训练：选句填空Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit 1,A.As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.B.Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.C.If you’re averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.D.If you’re feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don’t punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.E.A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.F.Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. Whenyou’re caught up in the whirlwind(旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendships, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even ifthat task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensityof college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) Instead, take timeout to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hardto come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) .Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69) Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night?(70) By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debtand establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the lessyou’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistentsleep to operate at optimum levels--you simply can’t do your best work without i t.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable,so you’re sure to find something that interests you.67-70 D EACUnit 2,A.However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.B.Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.C.Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.D.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.E.Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.F.The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.Nowhere to Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your FaceThe human face is a remarkable piece of work. 67 . So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.68 .In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreenSet against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform h uman abilities.69 .Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.70 .Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional. 67-70 FDAEUnit 3A.BAT wanted to take action.B.Those who gave more tended to gain less,C.The data are ridiculous, and no one is really paying attention.D.By nature, educators are taught to give care and support others-not themselves.E.Although respected for its own sake, teaching is under suspicion in today's w orldF.After all, self-care, good mental health positive well-being is one of the single b est things you can do for yourself.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ------ and we still have the numbers. .. b y a lot. 67 ”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,” “Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).68 So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising---and not. If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. 69We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self- care. along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators. 70 And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place-be a good teacher. 67-70 CADFUnit 4A.In other words, because we paid off and closed a line of credit, our scores took a hit.B.It is always more important to know how much you are able to earn than to borrow.C.All it tells you is whether you are good at borrowing money and paying it back.D.Believe it or not, these standards allow you to be punished for becoming debt-free!E.These are the reasons why I have stopped worrying about my credit score.F.While all of that is true, it doesn't tell the whole story.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired. 67 First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes:" 68 "FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). 69 My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we bothsaw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place becausewe completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. 70 That’s blackmail. I would rather be de bt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase.But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much e asier to see it for what itreally is: a measure of how well you borrow money.67-70 FCDAUnit 5,A.These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing.B.The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds h is attention.C.It is a formal skill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected b y continuous and dedicated practice.D.If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had b etter not write at all!E.It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even long after his/her college graduation.F.It is a time-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68)But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Whyam I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am goingto write? (69) Because academic writing is a serious activity – itmakes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending tothe piece. 67-70 CFDBUnit 6,A.It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area.B.The general rule goes that the harder you try, the greater results you get.C.Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly.D.It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile.E.However, in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement.F.But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courageto follow your own path.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. 67 Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.68 However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. There is no elevator to success and you have to take the s tairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else’s out there in the world. 69You don’t have to live your life in a way society wants you to. 70 Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before y our interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right. 67-70 DAFCUnit7,A.An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actualpractice periods.B.You are more easily annoyed and bothered.C.It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult todevelop.D.Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present m oment,even if you don’t like it.E.Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency completewith yelling, frustration, hurt feelings.F.If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (67) Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.(68) If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. (69) They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice theart of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. Youcan start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience overtime. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. You r intention to be patient, especially ifyou know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself.Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience—you’ll begin tosee that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods oftime. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You’ll see even a difficultsit uation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstaclethat must be dealt with. (70) . 67-70 BDAEUnit 8,A.They are even believed to possess some level of consciousness.B.The creature instantly loses consciousness in half a second.C.Legal prohibition becomes the major consideration for restaurants when choosing a cooking method.D.Except for moral consideration, many chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat.E.It’s difficult to assess pain in other species because we cannot communicate as easily.F.It beats the former method by saving chefs’ effort in cleaning the creature.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to thebelief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely acceptthat many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level bywhat they do or say in response. 67 Gradually, scientists have developed a setof indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are twomajor signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether ornot lobsters(龙虾) feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates( 脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. 68 In result, today most scientists agree that injuring alobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters aliveis illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. 69 To satisfypicky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing alobster in the head isn’t a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. Thisdevice electrocutes(电击) a lobster. 70 The following process of cooking is sureto cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die fromboiling water during which time pain lasts. 67-70 EADB“”“”At the end, Xiao Bian gives you a passage. Minand once said, "people who learn to learn are very happy people.". In every wonderful life, learning is an eternal theme. As a professional clerical and teaching position, I understand the importance of continuous learning, "life is diligent, nothing can be gained", only continuous learning can achieve better self. Only by constantly learning and mastering the latest relevant knowledge, can employees from all walks of life keep up with the pace of enterprise development and innovate to meet the needs of the market. This document is also edited by my studio professionals, there may be errors in the document, if there are errors, please correct, thank you!。