标准医学名词对照表
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医学论文常用名词英文缩写对照表来源:创新医学网 ·aa.-of each[各]·Ab.-antibody[抗体]·abd.-abdomen[腹部]·ABG-arterial blood gas[动脉血气]·abn.-abnormal[异常]·ABp-arterial blood pressure[动脉压]·Abs.-absent[无]·abstr.-abstract[摘要]·a.c.-before meals[饭前]·Ach.-actylcholine[乙酰胆碱]·ACH.-adrenal cortical hormone[肾上腺皮质激素]·ACT.-active coagulative time[活化凝血时间]·ACTH.-adrenocorticotripic[促肾上腺皮质激素]·ad.(add.)-adde[加]·ad effect.-ad effectum [直到有效]·ADH.-antidiuretic hormone[抗利尿激素]·ad lib-at liesure[随意]·adm.(admin)-adminstration[给药]·ad us est.-for external use[外用]·af.-atrial fibrillation[房颤]·aF.-atrial flutter[房扑]·A/G ratio.-albumin-globulin ratio[白-球蛋白比] ·AIDS.-acquired immune deficiency syndrome[爱滋病] ·al.-left ear[左耳]·alb.-albumin[白蛋白]·AM.-before noon[上午]·amb.-ambulance[救护车]·amp.(ampul)-ampoule[安瓿]·ANA.-anesthesia[麻醉]·anal.-analgesic[镇痛药]·ap.-before dinner[饭前]·appr.(approx.)-approximately [大约]·AR.-aortic regurgitation[主闭]·AS.-aortic stenosis[主狭]·ASA.-aspirin[阿斯匹林]·ASD.-atrial septal defect[房缺]·AST.-aspartate transaminase[谷草转氨酶]·atm.(atmos.)-atomsphere[大气压]·ATS.-antitetanic serum[抗破伤风血清]·av.-average[平均]·Ba.-Barium[钡]·BBT.-basal body temperature[基础体温]·BCG.-bacille Calmette- Guerin[卡介苗]·biblio.-biliography[参考文献]·bid.-twice a day[每日二次]创新医学网 ·b.m.-basal metabolism[基础代谢]·Bp.-blood pressure[血压]·bpm-baets per minute[次/分]·BS.-blood sugar[血糖]·BW.-body weight[体重]·C.- centigrade[摄氏温度计]·CA.-carcinoma[癌]·Cal.-cancer[癌]·Cal. – calorie[卡]·Cap. – capsule[囊]·C.B.C-complete blood count[血常规]·CC.-chief complaint[主诉]·CC. list.-critical condition list[病危通知单]·CCU.- Coronary care unit[冠心病监护室]·CD.-caesarean delivered[剖腹产]·CDC.-calculated date of confinement[预产期]·CEA.-carcinoembryonic antigen[癌胚抗原]·CG.-control group[对照组]·CK.-creatine kinase[肌酸激酶]·Cl.-centilitre[毫开]·cm.-centimetre[毫米]·CNS.-central nervous system[中枢神经系统]·Co.-compound[复方]·contra.-contraindicated[禁忌]·CT.- computerized tomography[计算机断层扫描]·C.V-curriculum vitae[简历]·DBp-diastolic blood pressure[舒张压]·DD.- differential diagnosis[鉴别诊断]·dept.-department[科]·diag.-diagonsis[诊断]·DIC-disseminate intravascular coagulation[弥漫性血管内凝血] ·dl.-deciliter[分升]·DM.-diabetic mellitus[糖尿病]·DM.-diastolic murmur[舒张期杂音]·D.O.A-dead on arrival[到达时已死亡]·DOB.-date of birth[出生日期]·Dr.-doctor[医生]·DIW.-dextrose in water[葡萄糖液]·D-5-W,-5% dextrose in water[5%葡萄糖液]·DU-duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]·ECG.(EKG.)- electrocardiograph[心电图]·ECHO .-echogram[超声]·EDD.(EDC)-expected date of delivery (confinement)[预产期] ·ENT. – ears, nose and throat[五官科]·EMG. – electromyogram[肌电图]·ER. – emergency room[急诊室]·et al.-and elsewhere[等等]·etc. – and so forth[等等]·F.(Fahr.)-Fahrenheit [华氏]·F- Female[女性]·F.B.S.- fasting blood sugar[空腹血糖]·FDP.-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白原降解产物]·FFA. – free fatty acid[游离脂肪酸]·FUO. – fever of unknown origin[不明原因发热]·FX. – fracture [骨折]·GH. – growth hormone[生长素]·GI.- gastrointestinal[消化]·GITS. – gastrointestinal therapy system[胃肠治疗系统]·gtt. – drops[滴]·GU.- gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]·Hb. – hemoglobin[血红蛋白]·HBp.-high blood pressure[高血压]·HCG. – human choroionic gonadotropic hormone[人绒毛膜促性腺激素] ·HDL.- high density lipoprotein[高密度脂蛋白]·HR.-heart rate[心率]·ht.-height[身高]·HTN.-hypertension[高血压]·Hx.-history [病历]·Hypo.-hypodermic injection[皮下注射]·IABP.-intra – aortic balloon pacing[主动脉内囊反搏]·I/O.-intake and output [进出量]·ICU. – intensive care unit[重症监护病房]·ie. – that is [即]·Ig. – immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]·Im. – iutramuscular[肌内的]·INH.- inhalation[吸入]·INH.- isoniazid[异烟肼]·Inj.- injection[注射]·Int.- intern[实习生]·IP.- in-patient[住院病入]·Iu.- international unit[国防单位]·IV.-intravenously[静脉内]·J.- joule[焦耳]·K.U.B- Kidney,ureter and bladder[肾、输尿管和膀胱]·LBp.-low blood pressure [低血压]·LC. – laparoscopic cholecystectomy[腹腔镜胆囊切除术]·LDL.-Low density lipoprotein[低密度脂蛋白]·Liq. – liquid[液体]·LMP.- last menstrual period[未次月经]·LP. –lumbar puncture[腰穿]·M. –male[男性]·MCD.-mean corpuscular diameter[平均红细胞直径]·MCH.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin[平均红细胞血红蛋白量]·MCHC.-mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration[平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度] ·MCV.-mean corpuscular volume[平均红细胞体积]·MI.-myocardial infarction[心梗]·min.-minute[分]·mixt。
医学免疫学名解1固有免疫:又称天然免疫或非特异性免疫,是个体出生时已具有的免疫,经遗传获得,是机体在长期种系发育和进化过程逐渐形成的一种天然防御功能2适应性免疫:又称获得性免疫或特异性免疫,指个体出生后,生活中不断接触到病原微生物等多种抗原刺激后逐渐建立起来的后天获得的免疫功能。
适应性免疫与固有免疫的对照表见P33抗原(antigen):把能刺激机体免疫系统产生体液免疫或(和)细胞免疫,并能与相应的免疫应答产物,即抗体或(和)致敏淋巴细胞在体内外发生特异性结合的物质成为抗原。
4抗原表位epitope又称抗原决定簇(antigenic determinant) :抗原分子中的特殊化学基团,其化学性质、数目和空间构型决定了抗原分子在免疫应答和免疫反应中的特异性。
5交叉抗原:一种抗体能够结合具有相同或相似的抗原表位6异嗜性抗原,又称Forssman抗原:是一类与种属特异性无关,存在于不同种属动物,植物,微生物之间的共同抗原。
7超抗原superantigen,SAg:常规的蛋白质只能诱导机体T细胞总库中百万分之一至万分之一的T细胞克隆活化,而某些物质只需极低浓度(1-10ng/ml)即可激活2-20%T细胞克隆,产生极强的免疫应答,这些物质称为超抗原。
8抗体(antibody):是由B细胞活化后分化成的浆细胞产生的,具体特殊折叠方式的球蛋白,且为体液免疫应答的重要效应分子,也称球蛋白。
9免疫球蛋白:是指具有抗体活性或化学结构上与抗体相似的球蛋白。
10中和作用:特异性抗体结合力病原体或毒素后,封闭其与细胞受体的结合位点,阻止了对靶细胞的感染和破坏,这种效应被称为中和作用。
11抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒作用(ADCC):特异性抗体IgG,IgA结合了靶细胞的膜表面抗原后,其Fc段可以与具有杀伤作用的(如NK细胞和巨噬细胞等)表面的Fc受体结合,致使细胞被激活,释放穿孔素和颗粒酶发挥杀伤作用,称ADCC12单克隆抗体:每个杂交瘤细胞包含一个B细胞,能产生针对单一抗原表位的均一抗体,此抗体称为单克隆抗体。
核医学常用英文名词缩写及英汉对照表核医学常用英文名词缩写及英汉对照表Aaccelerator 加速器activity concentration 放射性浓度activity ratio 活度比akinesis 无运动alpha decay α衰变alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 甲种胎儿蛋白alpha particle α粒子annihilation radiation 湮没辐射anterior view (ANT) 前位applicator 敷贴器articular imaging 关节显像atomic nucleus 原子核atomic nucleus fission 原子核裂变atomic number 原子序数autoradiogram 放射自显影图像autoradiograph 放射自显影Bbackground 本底background count 本底计数bacquerel(Bq) 贝可勒尔(贝可)beta decay β 衰变biological effect 生物效应biological half life 生物半衰期blood pool imaging 血池显像bolus 弹丸bone imaging 骨显像bone marrow imaging 骨髓显像brain imaging 脑显像bremsstrahlung 韧致辐射Ccapture 俘获carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 癌胚抗原cardiac blood pool imaging 心血池显像cardiac index (CI) 心指数cerebral blood flow (CBF) 脑血流量cerebral imaging 脑显像cerebral radionuclide angiography 放射性核素脑血管显像cerebral spinal fluid imaging 脑脊髓液显像circumferential profile analysis 圆周剖面分析法cisternography 脑池显像clinical nuclear medicine 临床核医学cold nodule 冷结节collimator 准直器competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) 竞争性蛋白结合分析法competitive radioassay 竞争性分析competitive radioligand binding assay 竞争放射性配体结合分析法computed tomography(CT) 计算机断层cool nodule 凉结节counter 计数器count ratio 计数比值法counts per minute (cpm) 每分钟计数counts per second (cps) 每秒计数cyclotron 回旋加速器Ddecay 衰变decay per minute (dpm) 每分钟衰变detector 探测器developer 显影剂dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 剂量率double antibody radioimmunoassay 双抗体放射免疫分析法double antibody solid phase assay 双抗体固相分析法doughnut sign 炸面圈征dynamic imaging 动态显像dyskinesis 反向运动Eeffective renal plasma flow (ERPF) 有效肾血浆流量ejection fraction (EF) 射血分数electron capture (EC) 电子俘获emission 发射emission computerized tomography (ECT) 发射型计算机断层end-diastolic volume (EDV) 舒张末期容量end-systolic volume (ESV) 收缩末期容量excitation 激发exercise stress test 运动负荷试验exposure 照射量external irradiation 外照射Ffilling 灌注film 胶片filtration fraction (FF )滤过分数flare phenomenon 闪烁现象functional image 功能显像Ggamma camera γ照相机gastric imaging 胃显像gated cardiac blood pool imaging 门控心血池显像generator 发生器glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率Hhalf life 半衰期hapten 半抗体hepatic artery perfusion imaging 肝动脉灌注显像hepatic blood pool imaging 肝血池显像hepatobiliary imaging 肝胆显像horizontal long axis slices 水平长轴断层影像hot nodule 热结节hypokinesis 运动低下Iimage 显像imaging 显像imaging agent 显像剂infarct-avid myocardial imaging 急性心肌梗死灶显像inflammation imaging 炎症灶显像internal conversion 内转换internal irradiation 内照射in vitro 体外interventional test 介入试验in vivo 体内ionization 电离ionization density 电离密度ionizing radiation 电离辐射irradiation 照射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素Lleft anterior oblique (LAO) 左前斜位left lateral (LL) 左侧位left posterior oblique(LPO) 左后斜位ligand 配体liver imaging 肝显像lung perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像lung ventilation imaging 肺通气显像lung carcinoma imaging 肺肿瘤显像luxury perfusion 过度灌注lympha imaging 淋巴显像lymphoma imaging 淋巴瘤显像Mmass number 质量数molecular nuclear medicine 分子核医学multiphase imaging 多相显像myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌灌注显像Nneutron 中子neutron activation analysis (NAA) 中子活化分析normal 正常nuclear cardiac angiography 核素心血管显像nuclear cerebral angiography 核素脑血管显像nuclear medicine 核医学nucleon 核子nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素Pparathyroid 甲状旁腺显像particle 粒子peak ejection rate (PER) 高峰射血率peak filling rate (PFR) 高峰充盈率perchlorote discharge test 过氯酸盐释放试验permissible dose 容许剂量permissible exposure dose 容许照射剂量phase analysis 时相分析phase cine 时相电影phase histogram 时相直方图phase image时相图phase shift 相角程photoelectric effect 光电效应physical half-life 物理半衰期planar imaging 平面显像polar bull-eye plot 极坐标靶心图positron emission computed tomography (PET) 正电子发射计算机断层仪positive imaging 阳性显像posterior view (POST) 后位probe 探头protection 防护proton 质子pulmonary blood flow 肺血流量pulmonary perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像Qquality contron 质量控制Rradiation biology 放射生物学radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive half-life 放射性半衰期radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive renogram 放射性肾图radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactivity 放射性活度radioassay 放射分析radioautography 放射自显影radiobiology 放射生物学radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析radioimmunoimaging 放射免疫显像radioimmunotherapy 放射免疫治疗radioligand assay 放射配体分析radionuclide 放射性核素radionuclide imaging 放射性核素显像radionuclide cardiac angiography 放射性核素心血管造影radionuclide cerebral angiography 放射性核素脑血管造影radionuclide cystography 放射性核素膀胱造影radionuclide generator 放射性核素发生器radionuclide lower limbs venography 放射性核素双下肢静脉造影radiopharmaceutical 放射性药物radioreceptor assay (RRA) 放射受体分析radiorenogram放射性肾图radius shortening 轴缩短率receptor 受体region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣区regional cerebral blood flow tomography 局部脑血流断层显像regional wall motion 局部室壁运动renal dynamic imaging 肾动态显像renal static imaging 肾静态显像renogram 肾图right anterior oblique (RAO) 右前斜位right lateral (RL) 右侧位right posterior oblique (RPO) 右后斜位Sscanner扫描机scatter散射sensitivity灵敏度shied 屏蔽severt (Sv) short axis slices 希沃特短轴断层影像single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 单光子发射型计算机断层solid phase radioimmunoassay 固相放射免疫分析space 区,空间space occupying lesion 占位性病变specific activity 比活度specificity 特异性spleen imaging 脾显像stability 稳定性stable nuclide 稳定核素stroke volume (SV) 心脏每搏量super-bone scan 超级骨显像synchrotron 同步加速器Tthyroid hormone suppression test 甲状腺激素抑制试验thyroid imaging 甲状腺显像titer 滴度tomography 断层显像tracer 示踪剂tracer technique 示踪技术tumor maker 肿瘤标记物Uuniformity 均匀度unsealed sourer 开放源uptake 摄取Vvertex view 顶位vertical long axis slices 垂直长轴断层影像ventricular volume curve 心室容积曲线Wwarm nodule 温结节waste 废物。
常见标准—非标准医学名词对照
医学名词规(国家名词审定委推荐使用的名词)
白芨白及针炙针灸活血化淤活血化瘀肋膈窦肋膈角石膏条石膏带潜血、匿血隐血
交换绷带更换敷料闭合性引
流
闭合引流
嗜酸性白
细胞
嗜酸粒细
胞
(氢溴酸)山莨菪碱多处多根
肋
多根多处
嗜碱性白
细胞
嗜碱粒细
胞
成人呼吸窘迫综合征急性呼吸窘迫
综合征
纵膈纵隔
灼伤、烧灼
伤
烧伤
介质递质考的松可的松亚甲兰亚甲蓝付作用副作用大脑皮层大脑皮质爆发流行暴发流行
座标坐标噪音噪声肾上腺素
能受体
肾上腺素
受体。
(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引(以首字的汉语拼音为序)A安全性 SafetyB半随机对照试验 quasi— randomized control trial,qRCT背景问题 background questions比值比 odds ratio,OR标准化均数差 standardized mean difference, SMD病例报告 case report病例分析 case analysis病人价值观 patient value (此词删除)病人预期事件发生率 patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学 complementary and alternative medicine, CAM不良事件 adverse event不确定性 uncertaintyCCochrane图书馆 Cochrane Library, CL Cochrane系统评价 Cochrane systematic review, CSRCochrane协作网 Cochrane Collaboration, CC Cox比例风险模型 Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚 References test bias肠激惹综合征 irritable bowel syndrome,IRB测量变异 measurement variation成本—效果 cost-effectiveness成本—效果分析 cost—effectiveness analysis成本—效益分析 cost-benefit analysis成本—效用分析 cost—utility analysis成本最小化分析(最小成本分析)cost-minimization analysis重复发表偏倚 Multiple publication bias 传统医学 Traditional Medicine,TMDD—L法 DerSimonian & Laird method发生一例不良反应所需治疗的病例数the number needed to harm one more patients from the therapy,NNH对抗疗法 allopathic medicine,AM对照组中某事件的发生率 control event rate,CER多重发表偏倚 multiple publication bias (删除此词)E二次研究 secondary studies二次研究证据 secondary research evidenceF发表偏倚 publication bias防止1例不良事件发生或得到1例有利结果需要治疗的病例数number needed to treat,NNT非随机同期对照试验 non—randomized concurrent control trial分层随机化 stratified randomization分类变量 categorical variable风险(危险度) riskG干扰 co-intervention工作偏倚 Workup bias固定效应模型 fixed effect model国际临床流行病学网 International Clinical Epidemiology Network, INCLENH灰色文献 grey literature后效评价 reevaluation获益 benefitJ(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引机会结 chance node疾病谱偏倚 Spectrum bias技术特性 Technical properties加权均数差 weighted mean difference, WMD 假阳性率(误诊率) false positive rate假阴性率(漏诊率) false negative rate简单随机化 simple randomization检索策略 search strategy交叉对照研究(交叉设计) crossover design 经济学分析 economic analysis经济学特性 Economic attributes or impacts经验医学 empirical medicine精确性 precision决策结 decision node决策树分析 decision tree analysis绝对获益增加率 absolute benefit increase, ABI 绝对危险度降低率 absolute risk reduction, ARR 绝对危险度增加率 absolute risk increase, ARIK可重复性 repeatability,reproducibility可靠性(信度) reliability可信区间 confidence interval ,CI可信限 confidence limit ,CLLLogistic回归模型 Logistic regression model历史性对照研究 historical control trial利弊比 likelihood of being helped vs harmed,LHH连续性变量 continuous variable临床对照试验 controlled clinical trial, CCT临床结局 clinical outcome临床经济学 clinical economics临床决策分析 clinical decision analysis临床流行病学 clinical epidemiology, CE临床实践指南 clinical practice guidelines, CPG 临床试验 clinical trial 临床研究证据 clinical research evidence临床证据 clinical evidence临床证据手册 handbook of clinical evidence零点 Zero time灵活性 flexibility临界点 Cut off points漏斗图 funnel plots率差(或危险差) rate difference,risk difference,RDMMeta—分析 Meta-analysis敏感度 sensitivity敏感性分析 sensitivity analysis墨克手册 Merck manualN脑卒中病房 Stroke Unit内在真实性 internal validityP偏倚 biasQ起始队列 inception cohort前—后对照研究 before-after study前景问题 foreground questions区组随机化 block randomizationS散点图 scatter plots森林图 forest plots伤残调整寿命年 disability adjusted life year,DALY生存曲线 survival curves生存时间 survival time生存质量(生活质量) quality of life世界卫生组织 World Health Organization, WHO 失安全数 fail—Safe Number试验组某事件发生率 experimental event rate,(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引EER似然比 likelihood Ratio, LR适用性 applicability受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)receiver operator characteristic curve随机对照临床试验 randomized clinical trials, RCT随机对照试验 randomized control trial, RCT 随机化隐藏 randomization concealment随机效应模型 random effect modelT特异度 specificity同行评价 colleague evaluation统计效能(把握度) power同质性检验 tests for homogeneityW外在真实性 external validity完成治疗分析 per protocol,PP腕管综合征 carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS卫生技术 health technology卫生技术评估 health technology assessment,HTAX系统评价 systematic review, SR相对获益增加率 relative benefit increase, RBI 相对危险度 relative risk,RR相对危险度降低率 relative risk reduction, RRR 相对危险度增加率 relative risk increase, RRI 效果 effectiveness效力 efficacy效应尺度 effect magnitude效应量 effect size序贯试验 sequential trial选择性偏倚 selection bias循证儿科学 evidence-based pediatrics循证妇产科学 evidence—based gynecology & obstetrics循证购买 evidence-based purchasing循证护理 evidence-based nursing循证决策 evidence—based decision—making 循证内科学 evidence-based internal medicine 循证筛选 evidence—based selection循证外科学 evidence-based surgery循证卫生保健 evidence-based health care循证诊断 evidence-based diagnosis循证医学 evidence—based medicine, EBMY亚组分析 subgroup analysis严格评价 critical appraisal验后比 post—test odds验后概率 post-test probability验前比 pre-test odds验前概率 pre—test probability阳性预测值 positive predictive value原始研究 primary studies异质性检验 tests for heterogeneity意向治疗分析 intention-to—treat, ITT阴性预测值 negative predictive value引用偏倚 citation bias尤登指数 Youden’s index语言偏倚 language bias预后 prognosis预后因素 prognostic factor预后指数 prognostic index原始研究证据 primary research evidence原始研究证据来源 primary resourcesZ沾染 contamination真实性(效度) validity诊断参照标准 reference standard of diagnosis 诊断阈值 testing threshold诊断﹣治疗阈值 test—treatment threshold(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引质量调整寿命年 quality adjusted life year,QALY治疗阈值 Treatment threshold准确度 accuracy自我评价 self-evaluation最佳证据 best evidenceAbsolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals,绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension,加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential,切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis,可接受假设Accumulation,累积Accuracy,准确度Actual frequency,实际频数Adaptive estimator,自适应估计量Addition,相加Addition theorem,加法定理Additivity,可加性Adjusted rate,调整率Adjusted value,校正值Admissible error,容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series,时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA (analysis of variance), 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation,反正弦变换Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG ,评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA,季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper,算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit,拟合的评估Associative laws,结合律Asymmetric distribution,非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance,渐近方差Attributable risk,归因危险度Attribute data,属性资料Attribution,属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length,平均置信区间长度Average growth rate,平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph,条形图Base period, 基期Bayes’ theorem , Bayes定理Bell—shaped curve,钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution,伯努力分布Best—trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval,双权区间Biweight M-estimator,双权M估计量Block,区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots,箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound,崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation,典型相关Caption,纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable,分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and—effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring,终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency,集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance,机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable,随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root,特征根Characteristic vector,特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces,切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test,卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition,乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid—value,组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable,分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding,编码Coefficient of contingency,列联系数Coefficient of determination,决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production—moment correlation,积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness,偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect,列效应Column factor,列因素Combination pool,合并Combinative table,组合表Common factor,共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance,共性方差(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Comparability,可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value,比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion,伸缩Complement of an event,补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics,完备统计量Completely randomized design,完全随机化设计Composite event,联合事件Composite events,复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation,条件期望Conditional likelihood,条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit,置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis ,验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor,混杂因素Conjoint,联合分析Consistency,相合性Consistency check,一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint,约束Contaminated distribution,污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution,污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control,对照Controlled experiments,对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean,校正均值Correction coefficient,校正系数Correctness,正确性Correlation coefficient,相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence,对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant,共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting,拟合准则Criteria of least squares,最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design,交叉设计Cross-section analysis,横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs ,交叉表Cross—tabulation table,复合表Cube root,立方根Cumulative distribution function,分布函数(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature,曲率/弯曲Curvature,曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression,曲线回归Curvilinear relation,曲线关系Cut-and—try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank,数据库Data capacity,数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation,数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set,数据集Data sources,数据来源Data transformation,数据变换Data validity,数据有效性Data-in,数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time,停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision,精密度Degree of reliability,可靠性程度Degression,递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points,数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix,导数矩阵Derivative—free methods,无导数方法Design,设计Determinacy,确定性Determinant,行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation,离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization,直接标准化法Discrete variable,离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function,判别值Dispersion,散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub—class numbers,不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape,分布形状Distribution—free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve,剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution,双指数分布Double logarithmic,双对数Downward rank,降秩Dual-space plot,对偶空间图DUD,无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Effect, 实验效应(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Eigenvalue,特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse,椭圆Empirical distribution,经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun—class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error,误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I,第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand,被估量Estimated error mean squares,估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance,欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point,异常数据点Expectation plane,期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling,试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis,探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth,指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit,扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes,极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor,因素/因子Factor analysis,因子分析Factor Analysis,因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design,析因试验设计False negative,假阴性False negative error,假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate,病死率Field investigation,现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite—sample,有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component,第一主成分First quartile,第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve,曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table,四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon,频数多边图Frontier point,界限点(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment,高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG (Generalized liner models),广义线性模型Geometric mean,几何平均数Gini's mean difference,基尼均差GLM (General liner models),通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant,行列式的梯度Graeco—Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean,总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross—error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half—life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators,汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance,偶然事件Harmonic mean,调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy—tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity,不同质Heterogeneity of variance,方差不齐Hierarchical classification,组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point,高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR,***列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge,折叶点Histogram,直方图Historical cohort study,历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M—estimators,休伯M估计量Hyperbola,双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence,独立性Independent variable,自变量Index,指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve,影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level,最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms,交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation,内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature,固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix,逆矩阵(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation,反正弦变换Iteration,迭代Jacobian determinant,雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution,联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan—Merier chart, Kaplan—Merier图Kendall’s rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫—斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit,失拟Ladder of powers,幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage,泄漏Least favorable configuration,最不利构形Least favorable distribution,最不利分布Least significant difference,最小显著差法Least square method,最小二乘法Least-absolute—residuals estimates,最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least—absolute—residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend,图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location,位置L估计量L-estimator of scale,尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance,预期期望寿命Life table,寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function,似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading,载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance,位置不变性Location scale family,位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve,对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution,对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation,对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution,逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, ***列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation,低度相关Lower limit, 下限(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Lowest—attained variance,最小可达方差LSD,最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable,潜在变量Main effect,主效应Major heading,主辞标目Marginal density function,边缘密度函数Marginal probability,边缘概率Marginal probability distribution,边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution,分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation,数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L—estimator,极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method,最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means),均值—均值比较Median,中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish,中位数平滑Median test,中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator,最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers,离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity,连续性模Morbidity,发病率Most favorable configuration,最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), ***尺度/***标度Multinomial Logistic Regression ,多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions,多解Multiplication theorem,乘法定理Multiresponse,多元响应Multi—stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive,互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary,自然边界Natural dead,自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable,名义变量Nonconstancy of variability,变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression,非线性相关Nonparametric statistics,非参数统计Nonparametric test,非参数检验Nonparametric tests,非参数检验(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation,正规方程组Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis,无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test,单侧检验One-way analysis of variance,单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA ,单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim,优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable,有序变量Orthogonal basis,正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN,正交设计Outlier cutoffs,离群值截断点Outliers,极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot,迭代过度Paired design,配对设计Paired sample,配对样本Pairwise slopes,成对斜率Parabola,抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics,参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlation,偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting,偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling,退层Percent bar graph,百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation,排列P—estimator, P估计量Pie graph,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot,枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution,泊松分布Polishing,平滑Polled standard deviation,合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial,多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population,总体Population attributable risk,人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed,正偏Posterior distribution,后验分布Power of a test,检验效能(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Precision,精密度Predicted value,预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal component analysis,主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model,概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling,按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate,成比例Proportionate sub—class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities,亲近性Pseudo F test,近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma,伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification,属性分类Qualitative method,定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q—Q 图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile,四分位数Quick Cluster,快速聚类Radix sort,基数排序Random allocation,随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event,随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data,等级资料Rate,比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test,雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z,雷氏Z值Reciprocal,倒数Reciprocal transformation,倒数变换Recording,记录Redescending estimators,回降估计量Reducing dimensions,降维Re-expression,重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square,回归平方和Rejection point,拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization,重新设置参数Replication,重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resistance,耐抗性Resistant line,耐抗线Resistant technique,耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R—estimator of scale,尺度R估计量Retrospective study,回顾性调查(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding,舍入Row,行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient,样本回归系数Sample size,样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error,抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram,散点图Schematic plot,示意图/简图Score test,计分检验Screening,筛检SEASON,季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper,半对数格纸Sensitivity curve,敏感度曲线Sequential analysis,贯序分析Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method,贯序法Sequential test,贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short—cut method,简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test,符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling,简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression,简单回归simple table,简单表Sine estimator,正弦估计量Single—valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness,偏度Slash distribution,斜线分布Slope,斜率Smirnov test,斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation,变异来源Spearman rank correlation,斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor,特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread,展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation,假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation,标准差Standard error,标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate,标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table,统计表Steepest descent,最速下降法Stem and leaf display,茎叶图Step factor,步长因子Stepwise regression,逐步回归Storage,存Strata, 层(复数)Stratified sampling,分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship,结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub—class numbers,次级组含量Subdividing,分割Sufficient statistic,充分统计量Sum of products,积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression,偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey,调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error,系统误差Systematic sampling,系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line,切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses,假设检验Theoretical frequency,理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval,容忍区间Tolerance lower limit,容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion,扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation,转换Treatment,处理Trend,趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial,试验Trial and error method,试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test,双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling,二阶段抽样Two—tailed test,双侧检验Two—way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two—way table,双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error,二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate,无偏估计(完整)循证医学名词术语中英文对照索引Unconstrained nonlinear regression ,无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number,不等次级组含量Ungrouped data,不分组资料Uniform coordinate,均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate,方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories,无序分类Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept,模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation),方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable,变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation,方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution,容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution,威布尔分布Weight,权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method,加权直线回归Weighted mean,加权平均数Weighted mean square,加权平均方差Weighted sum of square,加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location,位置W估计量Width,宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean,缩尾均值Withdraw,失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation,零相关Z—transformation, Z变换安全性, Safety半随机对照试验, quasi— randomized control trial,qRCT背景问题, background questions比值比, odds ratio,OR标准化均数差, standardized mean difference,SMD病例报告, case report病例分析, case analysis病人价值观, patient value (此词删除)病人预期事件发生率, patient’s expected event rate, PEER补充替代医学, complementary and alternative medicine, CAM不良事件, adverse event不确定性, uncertaintyCochrane图书馆, Cochrane Library, CL Cochrane系统评价, Cochrane systematic review, CSRCochrane协作网, Cochrane Collaboration,CCCox比例风险模型, Cox’ proportional hazard model参考试验偏倚, References test bias肠激惹综合征, irritable bowel syndrome,IRB 测量变异, measurement variation。
核医学常用英文名词缩写及其英汉对照表Aaccelerator 加速器activity concentration 放射性浓度activity ratio 活度比akinesis 无运动alpha decay α衰变alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 甲种胎儿蛋白alpha particle α粒子annihilation radiation 湮没辐射anterior view (ANT) 前位applicator 敷贴器articular imaging 关节显像atomic nucleus 原子核atomic nucleus fission 原子核裂变atomic number 原子序数autoradiogram 放射自显影图像autoradiograph 放射自显影Bbackground 本底background count 本底计数bacquerel(Bq) 贝可勒尔(贝可)beta decay β衰变biological effect 生物效应biological half life 生物半衰期blood pool imaging 血池显像bolus 弹丸bone imaging 骨显像bone marrow imaging 骨髓显像brain imaging 脑显像bremsstrahlung 韧致辐射Ccapture 俘获carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 癌胚抗原cardiac blood pool imaging 心血池显像cardiac index (CI) 心指数cerebral blood flow (CBF) 脑血流量cerebral imaging 脑显像cerebral radionuclide angiography 放射性核素脑血管显像cerebral spinal fluid imaging 脑脊髓液显像circumferential profile analysis 圆周剖面分析法cisternography 脑池显像clinical nuclear medicine 临床核医学cold nodule 冷结节collimator 准直器competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) 竞争性蛋白结合分析法competitive radioassay 竞争性分析competitive radioligand binding assay 竞争放射性配体结合分析法computed tomography(CT) 计算机断层cool nodule 凉结节counter 计数器count ratio 计数比值法counts per minute (cpm) 每分钟计数counts per second (cps) 每秒计数cyclotron 回旋加速器Ddecay 衰变decay per minute (dpm) 每分钟衰变detector 探测器developer 显影剂dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 剂量率double antibody radioimmunoassay 双抗体放射免疫分析法double antibody solid phase assay 双抗体固相分析法doughnut sign 炸面圈征dynamic imaging 动态显像dyskinesis 反向运动Eeffective renal plasma flow (ERPF) 有效肾血浆流量ejection fraction (EF) 射血分数electron capture (EC) 电子俘获emission 发射emission computerized tomography (ECT) 发射型计算机断层end-diastolic volume (EDV) 舒张末期容量end-systolic volume (ESV) 收缩末期容量excitation 激发exercise stress test 运动负荷试验exposure 照射量external irradiation 外照射Ffilling 灌注film 胶片filtration fraction (FF)滤过分数flare phenomenon 闪烁现象functional image 功能显像Ggamma camera γ照相机gastric imaging 胃显像gated cardiac blood pool imaging 门控心血池显像generator 发生器glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率Hhalf life 半衰期hapten 半抗体hepatic artery perfusion imaging 肝动脉灌注显像hepatic blood pool imaging 肝血池显像hepatobiliary imaging 肝胆显像horizontal long axis slices 水平长轴断层影像hot nodule 热结节hypokinesis 运动低下Iimage 显像imaging 显像imaging agent 显像剂infarct-avid myocardial imaging 急性心肌梗死灶显像inflammation imaging 炎症灶显像internal conversion 内转换internal irradiation 内照射in vitro 体外interventional test 介入试验in vivo 体内ionization 电离ionization density 电离密度ionizing radiation 电离辐射irradiation 照射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素Lleft anterior oblique (LAO) 左前斜位left lateral (LL) 左侧位left posterior oblique(LPO) 左后斜位ligand 配体liver imaging 肝显像lung perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像lung ventilation imaging 肺通气显像lung carcinoma imaging 肺肿瘤显像luxury perfusion 过度灌注lympha imaging 淋巴显像lymphoma imaging 淋巴瘤显像Mmass number 质量数molecular nuclear medicine 分子核医学multiphase imaging 多相显像myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌灌注显像Nneutron 中子neutron activation analysis (NAA) 中子活化分析normal 正常nuclear cardiac angiography 核素心血管显像nuclear cerebral angiography 核素脑血管显像nuclear medicine 核医学nucleon 核子nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素Pparathyroid 甲状旁腺显像particle 粒子peak ejection rate (PER) 高峰射血率peak filling rate (PFR) 高峰充盈率perchlorote discharge test 过氯酸盐释放试验permissible dose 容许剂量permissible exposure dose 容许照射剂量phase analysis 时相分析phase cine 时相电影phase histogram 时相直方图phase image 时相图phase shift 相角程photoelectric effect 光电效应physical half-life 物理半衰期planar imaging 平面显像polar bull-eye plot 极坐标靶心图positron emission computed tomography (PET) 正电子发射计算机断层仪positive imaging 阳性显像posterior view (POST) 后位probe 探头protection 防护proton 质子pulmonary blood flow 肺血流量pulmonary perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像Qquality contron 质量控制Rradiation biology 放射生物学radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive half-life 放射性半衰期radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive renogram 放射性肾图radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactivity 放射性活度radioassay 放射分析radioautography 放射自显影radiobiology 放射生物学radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析radioimmunoimaging 放射免疫显像radioimmunotherapy 放射免疫治疗radioligand assay 放射配体分析radionuclide 放射性核素radionuclide imaging 放射性核素显像radionuclide cardiac angiography 放射性核素心血管造影radionuclide cerebral angiography 放射性核素脑血管造影radionuclide cystography 放射性核素膀胱造影radionuclide generator 放射性核素发生器radionuclide lower limbs venography 放射性核素双下肢静脉造影radiopharmaceutical 放射性药物radioreceptor assay (RRA) 放射受体分析radiorenogram 放射性肾图radius shortening 轴缩短率receptor 受体region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣区regional cerebral blood flow tomography 局部脑血流断层显像regional wall motion 局部室壁运动renal dynamic imaging 肾动态显像renal static imaging 肾静态显像renogram 肾图right anterior oblique (RAO) 右前斜位right lateral (RL) 右侧位right posterior oblique (RPO) 右后斜位Sscanner 扫描机scatter 散射sensitivity 灵敏度shied 屏蔽severt (Sv) 希沃特short axis slices 短轴断层影像single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 单光子发射型计算机断层solid phase radioimmunoassay 固相放射免疫分析space 区,空间space occupying lesion 占位性病变specific activity 比活度specificity 特异性spleen imaging 脾显像stability 稳定性stable nuclide 稳定核素stroke volume (SV) 心脏每搏量super-bone scan 超级骨显像synchrotron 同步加速器Tthyroid hormone suppression test 甲状腺激素抑制试验thyroid imaging 甲状腺显像titer 滴度tomography 断层显像tracer 示踪剂tracer technique 示踪技术tumor maker 肿瘤标记物Uuniformity 均匀度unsealed sourer 开放源uptake 摄取Vvertex view 顶位vertical long axis slices 垂直长轴断层影像ventricular volume curve 心室容积曲线Wwarm nodule 温结节。
核医学常用英文名词缩写及英汉对照表Aaccelerator 加速器activity concentration 放射性浓度activity ratio 活度比akinesis 无运动alpha decay α衰变alpha fetoprotein (AFP) 甲种胎儿蛋白alpha particle α粒子annihilation radiation 湮没辐射anterior view (ANT) 前位applicator 敷贴器articular imaging 关节显像atomic nucleus 原子核atomic nucleus fission 原子核裂变atomic number 原子序数autoradiogram 放射自显影图像autoradiograph 放射自显影Bbackground 本底background count 本底计数bacquerel(Bq) 贝可勒尔〔贝可〕beta de cay β衰变biological effect 生物效应biological half life 生物半衰期blood pool imaging 血池显像bolus 弹丸bone imaging 骨显像bone marrow imaging 骨髓显像brain imaging 脑显像bremsstrahlung 韧致辐射Ccapture 俘获carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 癌胚抗原cardiac blood pool imaging 心血池显像cardiac index (CI) 心指数cerebral blood flow (CBF) 脑血流量cerebral imaging 脑显像cerebral radionuclide angiography 放射性核素脑血管显像cerebral spinal fluid imaging 脑脊髓液显像circumferential profile analysis 圆周剖面分析法cisternography 脑池显像clinical nuclear medicine 临床核医学cold nodule 冷结节collimator 准直器competitive protein binding assay (CPBA) 竞争性蛋白结合分析法competitive radioassay 竞争性分析competitive radioligand binding assay 竞争放射性配体结合分析法computed tomography(CT) 电脑断层cool nodule 凉结节counter 计数器count ratio 计数比值法counts per minute (cpm) 每分钟计数counts per second (cps) 每秒计数cyclotron 盘旋加速器Ddecay 衰变decay per minute (dpm) 每分钟衰变detector 探测器developer 显影剂dose equivalent 剂量当量dose rate 剂量率double antibody radioimmunoassay 双抗体放射免疫分析法double antibody solid phase assay 双抗体固相分析法doughnut sign 炸面圈征dynamic imaging 动态显像dyskinesis 反向运动Eeffective renal plasma flow (ERPF) 有效肾血浆流量ejection fraction (EF) 射血分数electron capture (EC) 电子俘获emission 发射emission computerized tomography (ECT) 发射型电脑断层end-diastolic volume (EDV) 舒张末期容量end-systolic volume (ESV) 收缩末期容量excitation 激发exercise stress test 运动负荷试验exposure 照射量external irradiation 外照射Ffilling 灌注film 胶片filtration fraction 〔FF〕滤过分数flare phenomenon 闪烁现象functional image 功能显像Ggamma camera γ照相机gastric imaging 胃显像gated cardiac blood pool imaging 门控心血池显像generator 发生器glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 肾小球滤过率Hhalf life 半衰期hapten 半抗体hepatic artery perfusion imaging 肝动脉灌注显像hepatic blood pool imaging 肝血池显像hepatobiliary imaging 肝胆显像horizontal long axis slices 水平长轴断层影像hot nodule 热结节hypokinesis 运动低下Iimage 显像imaging 显像imaging agent 显像剂infarct-avid myocardial imaging 急性心肌梗死灶显像inflammation imaging 炎症灶显像internal conversion 内转换internal irradiation 内照射in vitro 体外interventional test 介入试验in vivo 体内ionization 电离ionization density 电离密度ionizing radiation 电离辐射irradiation 照射isomer 同质异能素isotope 同位素Lleft anterior oblique (LAO) 左前斜位left lateral (LL) 左侧位left posterior oblique(LPO) 左后斜位ligand 配体liver imaging 肝显像lung perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像lung ventilation imaging 肺通气显像lung carcinoma imaging 肺肿瘤显像luxury perfusion 过度灌注lympha imaging 淋巴显像lymphoma imaging 淋巴瘤显像Mmass number 质量数molecular nuclear medicine 分子核医学multiphase imaging 多相显像myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌灌注显像Nneutron 中子neutron activation analysis (NAA) 中子活化分析normal 正常nuclear cardiac angiography 核素心血管显像nuclear cerebral angiography 核素脑血管显像nuclear medicine 核医学nucleon 核子nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素Pparathyroid 甲状旁腺显像particle 粒子peak ejection rate (PER) 高峰射血率peak filling rate (PFR) 高峰充盈率perchlorote discharge test 过氯酸盐释放试验permissible dose 容许剂量permissible exposure dose 容许照射剂量phase analysis 时相分析phase cine 时相电影phase histogram 时相直方图phase image 时相图phase shift 相角程photoelectric effect 光电效应physical half-life 物理半衰期planar imaging 平面显像polar bull-eye plot 极坐标靶心图positron emission computed tomography (PET) 正电子发射电脑断层仪positive imaging 阳性显像posterior view (POST) 后位probe 探头protection 防护proton 质子pulmonary blood flow 肺血流量pulmonary perfusion imaging 肺血流灌注显像Qquality contron 质量控制Rradiation biology 放射生物学radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive half-life 放射性半衰期radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive renogram 放射性肾图radioactive tracer 放射性示踪剂radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactivity 放射性活度radioassay 放射分析radioautography 放射自显影radiobiology 放射生物学radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析radioimmunoimaging 放射免疫显像radioimmunotherapy 放射免疫治疗radioligand assay 放射配体分析radionuclide 放射性核素radionuclide imaging 放射性核素显像radionuclide cardiac angiography 放射性核素心血管造影radionuclide cerebral angiography 放射性核素脑血管造影radionuclide cystography 放射性核素膀胱造影radionuclide generator 放射性核素发生器radionuclide lower limbs venography 放射性核素双下肢静脉造影radiopharmaceutical 放射性药物radioreceptor assay (RRA) 放射受体分析radiorenogram 放射性肾图radius shortening 轴缩短率receptor 受体region of interest (ROI) 感兴趣区regional cerebral blood flow tomography 局部脑血流断层显像regional wall motion 局部室壁运动renal dynamic imaging 肾动态显像renal static imaging 肾静态显像renogram 肾图right anterior oblique (RAO) 右前斜位right lateral (RL) 右侧位right posterior oblique (RPO) 右后斜位Sscanner 扫描机scatter 散射sensitivity 灵敏度shied 屏蔽severt (Sv) 希沃特short axis slices 短轴断层影像single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 单光子发射型电脑断层solid phase radioimmunoassay 固相放射免疫分析space 区,空间space occupying lesion 占位性病变specific activity 比活度specificity 特异性spleen imaging 脾显像stability 稳定性stable nuclide 稳定核素stroke volume (SV) 心脏每搏量super-bone scan 超级骨显像synchrotron 同步加速器Tthyroid hormone suppression test 甲状腺激素抑制试验thyroid imaging 甲状腺显像titer 滴度tomography 断层显像tracer 示踪剂tracer technique 示踪技术tumor maker 肿瘤标记物Uuniformity 均匀度unsealed sourer 开放源uptake 摄取Vvertex view 顶位vertical long axis slices 垂直长轴断层影像ventricular volume curve 心室容积曲线Wwarm nodule 温结节waste 废物。
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注:用星号(*)标注的名词为最常用的词汇,必须熟记掌握。
一、总论(一)解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学,巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生(或发育)histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学(二)一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection,dissect (v.) 解剖,解剖标本normality,normal (a.) 正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型(三)方位术语(Positional Terms)1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior, lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧medial (lateral) 内(外)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal) 近(远)侧ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinalaxis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis 矢状轴plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面(四)人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 1. 头(Head)head头(的)Skull,craniun,cranial (a.) 颅front, frontal, region 额区perietal region 顶区occiput, occipital region 枕区Face, facial (a.) 面orbit, orbital region 眶区nose, nasal region 鼻区mouth, oral region 口区chin, mental region 颌区ear, auditory region 耳区2. 颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区carotid triangle 颈动脉三角muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项root of neck 颈根部3. 躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus 躯干Median anterior line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线parasternal line 胸骨旁线midclavicular line 锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线median posterior line 后正中线Back, dorsal 背vertebral region 脊柱区sacral region 骶区scapular region 肩胛下区lumbar region 腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸sternal region 胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹Hypochondriac 季肋区epigastric region 腹上区lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区umbilical region 脐区inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区,髂区inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角,海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区,腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴anal region 肛区urogenital region 尿生殖区4. 四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities 四肢Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢Shoulder 肩axilla, axillary region 腋区Free upper limb 自由上肢arm,brachial (a.) 臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.) 手wrist, carpal (a.) 腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)finger, digital (a.) 手指thumb 拇指index finger 示指middle finger 中指ring finger 环指little finger 小指Lower limb 下肢hip, coxal (a.) 髋buttock, gluteal region 臀区Free lower limb 自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前(后)区femoral triangle 股三角medial region of thigh 股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.) 膝anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前(后)区leg, crural (a.) 小腿anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前(后)区foot, pedal (a.) 足dorsum of foot 足背sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底toes 足趾great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇* (一) 运动系统(Locomotor System) 1.骨学(Osteology )(1)概述osteology 骨学* bone,bony 骨skeleton,skletal (a.) 骨骼long (short,flat) bone 长(短,扁)骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨,shaft,diaphysis 骨干,骨体bony(osseous)substance 骨质compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质trabeculae 骨小梁periosteum (外)膜endosteum 骨内膜medullary 髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓(2)中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱* vertebral canal 椎管intervertebral foramen 椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸,腰,骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vertebral foramen 椎孔spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突superior (inferior) articular process 上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎prominent vertebrae 隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨coccyx 尾骨thoracic cavity 胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口costal arch 肋弓intercostals space 肋间隙infrasternal angle 胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋* sternum 胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process 剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中,后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔,鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle 前(后)外侧囟cranial bones 脑颅骨occipital bone 枕骨large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆,棘) 孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa 颈静脉窝styloid process 茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔facial canal 面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨(3)附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨,肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下,外侧) 缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下,外侧) 角glenoid cavity 关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突,桡) 窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx 近(中,远) 指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle 下肢带骨,盆带骨* hip bone 髋骨acetabulum 髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen 闭孔* Ilium 髂骨body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle 髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下) 棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur 股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨2.关节学(arthrology)(1)概述synosteology 关节学,关节解剖学articulation 连结,关节joint 关节,连结synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结suture 缝cartilaginous joints 软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨) 结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔)articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule 关节囊fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层,纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层,滑膜synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液ligament (lig.) 韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action 动作,作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction 环转运动(2)中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints 椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节Joint of costal head 肋头关节Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture 人字缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节(3)附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节,腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis 骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint 膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节,踝关节intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节,距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓,跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(外) 侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓3. 肌学(myology)(1)概述muscle (m.) 肌肉cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌skeletal muscle 骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle 长(短,阔,扁) 肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌sphincter 括约肌dilator, dilatator 开大肌venter (belly) 肌腹tendon 腱aponeurosis 腱膜origin 起点,固定点insertion 止点,动点accessory (subservient) structure 辅助结构tendinous sheath 腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon 滑膜腱鞘fascia 筋膜superficial (deep) fascia 浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa 滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)(2)躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back 背肌trapezius m. 斜方肌broadest m. of back 背阔肌erector spinal m. 竖脊肌muscles of neck 颈肌platysma m. 颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m. 前中后斜角肌scalene fissure 斜角肌suprahyoid muscles 舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles 舌骨下肌群thoracic m. 胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m. 胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m. 前锯肌thoracic proper m. 胸固有肌external intercostal m. 肋间外肌internal intercostal m. 肋间内肌external (internal) intercostals membrane 肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax 胸横肌intimate intercostal m. 肋间最内肌* diaphragm 膈central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave 腔静裂孔abdominal m. 腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. of abdomen 腹直肌sheath of rectus m. 腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen 腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig. 腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen 腹横肌inguinal canal 腹股沟管(2)头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly 额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye 眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth 口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌(3)上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist 桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers 指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb 拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis 旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis 肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背) 侧肌(4)下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中,小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe 拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia 阔筋膜iliotibial tract 髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus 收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna 肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna 血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath) 股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring) 股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa 隐静脉裂孔,卵圆窝malleolar canal 踝管二、内脏学(Splanchnology)* (一)消化系统(Digestive System)digestive system ,alimentary system 消化系统internal organ ,splanchna ,viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管1. 上消化道Superior Digestive TractMouth 口Oral cavity ,mouth cavity 口腔Hard (soft) palate 硬(软)腭Gum 牙龈Sublingual caruncle 舌下阜Sublingual fold 舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头Oral glands 口腔腺Major salivary glands 大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct 舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland 腮腺Parotid duct 腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum,root,body) of tongue 舌尖(背,根,体) lingual mucous membrane 舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae 丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae 轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔muscles of tongue 舌肌genioglossus m 颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂,悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus 食管,食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part ofesophagus 食管颈(胸,腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管,窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌2. 下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升(横,降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure 结肠右曲,肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure 结肠左曲,脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱,窦,瓣) anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线,肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌3. 消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体,颈) cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体,尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管(二)* 呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract 上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背,尖,翼) nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中,下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额,筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带,声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung 肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧,膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下)叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋,膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中,后)纵隔(三)* 泌尿系统(Urinary System)urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus,pedicle)肾门(窦,蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder,urinary bladder膀胱apex(body,fundus,neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体,底,颈) trigone of bladder,vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道(四)* 生殖系统(Reproductive System) reproductive system,genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器1. 男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle,testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m. 提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base,body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底,体,沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat,dartos肉膜2. 女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube,oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus 子宫Fundus of uterus 子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus 子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus 子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus 子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus 子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig. 骶子宫韧带Vagina 阴道Female pudendum, vulva 女阴Mons pubis 阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum 大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口3. 乳房,会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland 乳腺Perineum 会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌(五)腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac 腹膜腔,大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac 网膜囊,小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone 腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹四、* 脉管系统(Vascular system)(一)概述vascular system, angiological system 脉管系统angiology 脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart 心blood血液vessel 管,脉管blood vessel 血管arteriole 小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis 小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v. 皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v. 伴行动脉venule 小静脉venous valve 静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary 毛细管(二)心血管系统(Cardiovascular system) systemic circulation,greater circulation 体循环,大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环,小循环fetal circulation 胎血循环1. 心(heart)cardiac apex(bace) 心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface 胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface 肺面right border 右缘left border, obtuse margin 左缘,钝缘inferior border, acute margin 下缘,锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove 前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus 冠状沟atrioventricular junction 房室交点atrioventricular septum 房室膈* cardiac ventricle 心室interventricular septum 室间隔muscular (membranous ) part 肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium 心房left (right) auricle of heart 左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum 房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae 肉柱papillary m. 乳头肌tendinous cord 腱索fibrous skeleton 纤维支架left fibrous trigone 左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body 左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring 左(右)纤维环endocardium 心内膜right atrium 右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove 界沟terminal crest 界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior 上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava 下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle 右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve 右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve) 肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium 左心房orifice of pulmonary v. 肺静脉口left ventricle 左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣,二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart 心传导系统sinoatrial node 窦房结hinternodal tract 结间束atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle 房室束left (right) bundle branch 左(右)束支right coronary a. 右冠状动脉Left coronary a. 左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch 前室间支circumflex branch , 旋支cardiac v. 心静脉coronary sinus 冠状窦great cardiac v. 心大静脉middle cardiac v. 心中静脉small cardiac v. 心小静脉* pericardium 心包fibrous pericardium 纤维心包serous pericardium 浆膜心包parietal layer 壁层visceral layer , epicardium 脏层,心外膜cavity of pericardium 心包腔2. 动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary 左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.) 动脉导管(韧带)* aorta 主动脉ascending aorta 升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干* common carotid a. 颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies) 颈动脉窦(小球) * internal carotid a. 颈内动脉* external carotid a. 颈外动脉superior thyroid 甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a. 舌(面)动脉occipital a. 枕动脉posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉maxillary a. 上颌动脉middle meningeal a. 脑膜中动脉subclavicular a. 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉axillary a. 腋动脉thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉。
部分标准医学名词
(本表以全国自然科学名词守定委员会公布的《医学名词》为依据)
标准名词旧名词标准名词旧名词唐氏综合征21三体综合征分枝杆菌分支杆菌
艾迪生病 A 阿狄森病樊尚咽峡炎奋森咽峡炎
巴宾斯基征 B 巴彬斯基征肠石粪石
半衰期半寿期心肌传导纤维浦顷野纤维
胞质胞浆泛醌辅酶Q
白细胞白血球烟酰胺腺嘌呤辅酶Ⅰ
标志物标记物二核苷酸
棘球蚴病包虫病烟酰胺腺嘌呤辅酶Ⅱ
鼻出血鼻衄二核苷酸磷酸
壁腹膜壁层腹膜腹股沟管深环腹股沟管腹环扁桃体扁桃腺腹股沟管浅环腹股沟管皮下环盆内脏神经勃起神经三酰甘油G 甘油三酯
布鲁津斯基布鲁金斯基征肝(脾)大肝(脾)肿大侧支循环 C 侧枝循环肝硬化肝硬变
肺尘动乱沉着病尘肺戈谢病高雪病
成人型呼吸窘迫成年人呼吸窘原发性高血压高血压病
综合征迫综合征骨盆下口骨盆出口
神经垂体垂体后叶骨盆上口骨盆入口
腺垂体垂体前叶期前收缩过早搏动,早搏大脑皮质 D 大脑皮层海马旁回H 海马回
低氧血症低血氧症霍奇金病何杰金病
迟牙第三磨牙,智牙血细胞比容红细胞压积
癫癫痫红细胞红血球
注意缺陷障碍 E 儿童多动症,脑功能轻微失调维素C缺乏病坏血病
胆道口括约肌奥狄括约肌基底核J 基底节
耳郭耳廓机制机理
二尖瓣关闭不全二尖瓣闭锁不全甲状腺功能亢进甲状腺机能亢进法洛四联症 F 法乐四联症上肢带骨肩带骨
反胃返胃结缔组织疾病胶原疾病
胆道口壶腹乏特壶腹局限性肠炎节段性肠炎
肺梗死肺梗塞结核球结核瘤
卫氏并殖吸虫病肺吸虫病小脑上脚结合臂
失用性废用性精囊精囊腺
智力低下精神发育迟缓黑热病内脏利什曼病
颈前区颈前三角自主神经系统
内脏神经系统,植物神经系统
咳痰咯痰本周蛋白尿凝溶蛋白尿距小腿关节踝关节牛带绦虫病牛肉绦虫病抗生素K 抗菌素浅筋膜P 皮下筋膜抗感染治疗抗炎治疗剖宫产术剖腹产术抗结核抗痨巩膜血管膜部葡萄糖醛酸库欣病柯兴病呼吸道阻力Q 气道阻力
库欣综合征
柯兴病综合征,皮质醇增多综合
征
虹膜角膜角前房角
咯血咳血虹膜角膜角隙前房角隙克罗恩病克隆病慢性淋巴细性桥本病
凯尔尼格征克尼格征甲状腺炎
花粉病枯草热,季节性变应性鼻炎脑桥桥脑
朗汉斯巨细胞L 朗罕巨细胞延髓性麻痹球麻痹
脑神经颅神经精曲小管曲细精管老视老花去皮质强直去大脑强直
阿尔茨海默病老年前期痴呆
妊娠高血压综合
征
R 妊娠中毒症
腹股沟镰联合腱松弛性瘫痪软瘫
淋巴结淋巴腺层析S 色谱法
磷脂酰胆碱卵磷酯腹上区上腹部
隐静脉裂孔音卵圆窝罗音肾衰竭肾功能衰竭马方综合征M 马凡综合征失声失音
真菌霉菌中性粒细胞嗜中性白血球每分通气量每分钟通气量嗜酸粒细胞嗜酸性白细胞梅克尔憩室美克尔憩室嗜碱粒细胞嗜碱性白细胞梅尼埃病美尼尔病十二指肠壶腹十二指肠球弥散性血管内凝血弥漫性血管内凝血石棉沉着病石棉肺
泌尿器泌尿器官食管食道
文氏型房室传导阻
滞
莫氏Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞食欲缺乏食欲不振
猪囊尾蚴病N 囊虫病(俗称)前磨牙双尖牙
细粒棘球蚴病囊型包虫病无效腔死腔
脑梗死脑梗塞病死率死亡率
小脑中脚脑桥臂牙腔髓腔
胸腔积液脑水糖类T 碳水化合物脑出血脑溢血糖原糖元
内镜内窥镜直立性低血压体位性低血压肛提肌提肛肌血-脑脊液屏障血脑屏障
听力图听力曲线血红蛋白血色素
通气增强通气过度血流动力学血液动力学
放射性核素同位素盐皮质激素Y 盐皮质类固醇展神经W 外展神经畏食厌食
单核-吞噬细胞系统网状内皮系统药源性药原性
围生期心脏病围产期心脏病癔症癔病
围生医学围产医学痉挛性瘫痪硬瘫
假膜伪膜右淋巴导管右胸导管
促胃液素胃泌素原发复合征原发综合征
硅沉着病X 矽肺淋巴母细胞原淋巴细胞
耻区下腹部脏膜膜Z 脏层腹膜
心肌梗死心肌梗塞增生增殖
心尖冲动心尖搏动(触诊)帕金森病震颤麻痹
精神卫生心理卫生加压呼吸正压呼吸
心律失常心率紊乱精直小管直细精管
心房钠尿肽心钠素,心房肽植物状态植物人
心前区导联心前导联自主神经系统植物神经系统心排血量心输出量脑卒中中风
心脏停搏心跳停止,心脏停跳脐区中腹部
心包脏层心外膜周期性瘫痪周期性麻痹
心脏冲动心脏搏动(触诊)猪带绦虫病猪肉绦虫病
心脏按压心脏挤压翻译(遗传学)转译
心脏压塞心脏填塞,心包填塞发绀紫绀
颈静脉切迹胸骨上切迹子痫子
胸廓上口胸廓入口自身免疫自家免疫
腭垂悬雍垂坐骨肛门窝坐骨直肠容
象素像素组胺组织胺
血管升压素血管加压素,抗利尿激素胆总管总胆管
标准词标准词阿狄森病艾迪生病皮质类固醇皮质激素
阿斯匹林阿司匹林剖腹产剖宫产
爱滋病艾滋病任氏液林格液
氨甲喋呤甲氨蝶呤日本乙型脑炎流行性乙型脑炎白塞综合征贝赫切特综合征入胞作用胞吞作用
白色梗死贫血性梗死色谱法层析法
斑釉牙氟牙症烧心胃灼热
包虫病棘球蚴病少突胶质细胞少突胶质
胞浆胞质肾梗塞肾梗死
暴耳突发性耳聋肾综合征出血热流行性出血热
急性黄色肝萎缩急性重型肝炎声哑声嘶急性肝坏死急性重型肝炎失音失声
暴发性肝炎急性重型肝炎石棉肺石棉沉着病鼻堵鼻塞食道食管
鼻衄鼻出血视乳头视盘
鼻旁窦鼻窦视细胞感光细胞
副鼻窦鼻窦曙红伊红
鼻中隔弯曲鼻中隔偏曲双尖牙前磨牙
冰冻切片冷冻切片死腔无效腔
布比卡因丁哌卡因死区无效腔
糙面内质网粗面内质网体位性低血压直立性低血压尘肺肺尘埃沉着病同功酶同工酶
成人呼吸窘迫综合征急性呼吸窘迫综合征同位素放射性核素成熟分裂减数分裂兔眼眼睑闭合不全出胞作用胞吐作用兔眼性角膜炎暴露性角膜炎
初缢痕主缢痕网状内皮系统单核-吞噬细胞系统垂体后叶神经垂体围产期围生期
垂体前叶腺垂体伪膜假膜
次缢痕副缢痕伪膜性结膜炎假膜性结膜炎
打嗝呃逆矽肺硅沉着病
大腿股霰粒肿睑板腺囊肿
大循环体循环小循环肺循环
胆囊收缩素缩胆囊素心肌梗塞心肌梗死
低血氧症低氧血症心输出量心搏出量地卡因丁卡因心跳过快心动过速
的卡因丁卡因多器官功能衰竭多器官功能障碍综合
征
地图舌游走性舌炎多系统器官功能衰竭多器官功能障碍综合
征
恶液质恶病质多器官功能障碍多器官功能障碍综合
征
耳廓耳郭多脏器功能衰竭多器官功能障碍综合
征
法乐三联症法洛三联症新生儿呼吸窘迫综合
征
新生儿肺透明膜病
法乐四联症法洛四联症胸廓出口胸廓下口法乐五联症法洛五联症胸廓入口胸廓上口返流反流胸水胸腔积液非典型分枝杆菌非典型结核杆菌休止龋静止龋非何杰金病非霍奇金淋巴瘤羞明畏光肺梗塞肺梗死悬雍垂腭垂
肺囊虫肺孢子菌病许旺细胞施万细胞(神经膜细
胞)
肺孢子虫肺孢子菌病雪旺细胞施万细胞(神经膜细
胞)
卡氏囊虫肺孢子菌病抗利尿激素血管升压素卡氏孢子虫肺孢子菌病血管加压素血管升压素分裂相分裂象血色素血红蛋白蜂窝组织疏松结缔组织血液动力学血流动力学肝硬变肝硬化药瘾药物依赖高雪病戈谢病甾醇固醇高血压病原发性高血压甾类激素类固醇激素膈呼吸腹式呼吸早搏期前收缩弓形体弓形虫过早搏动期前收缩弓形体病弓形虫病窄角型青光眼闭角型青光眼佝偻病维生素D缺乏症植物神经自主神经骨盆出口骨盆下口中风卒中骨盆入口骨盆上口浊肿细胞肿胀光面内质网滑面内质网巴彬斯基巴宾斯基广角型青光眼开角型青光眼陈–施二氏呼吸潮式呼吸
郝秦生牙哈钦森牙智齿第三磨牙
何杰金病霍奇金淋巴瘤克隆病克罗恩(Crohn)病核蛋白体核糖体内淋巴水肿膜迷路积水
核黄疸胆红素脑病晕机空晕病
亨利袢髓袢腹水腹腔积液
肾单位袢髓袢新生儿硬肿症新生儿寒冷损伤综合
征
红色梗死出血性梗死神经官能症神经症
红细胞压积血细胞比容妊高征妊娠期高血压疾病化学性阉割化学性睾丸切除妊娠高血压综合征妊娠期高血压疾病
坏血病维生素C缺乏症格林–巴利综合征急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病
机理机制血清素5–羟色胺
机能功能细菌性心内膜炎感染性心内膜炎肌浆肌质胰酶素胆囊收缩素
脊髓灰白质炎脊髓灰质炎受体拮抗剂受体阻断(或阻滞)剂假牙义齿钙拮抗剂钙离子通道阻断剂假眼义眼免疫印迹蛋白印迹
减压神经降压神经外阴白斑外阴白色病变
主动脉神经降压神经组织细胞增生症X 朗格汉斯细胞组织细
胞增生症
眼睑下垂上睑下垂宫颈上皮不典型增生宫颈上皮内瘤变胶原性疾病结缔组织病嗜中性白细胞中性粒细胞节段性肠炎局限性肠炎中性白细胞中性粒细胞
巨细胞包涵体巨细胞病毒嗜中性粒细胞中性粒细胞
多聚酶链反应聚合酶链反应多形核白细胞中性粒细胞
抗痨治疗抗结核治疗多形核粒细胞中性粒细胞
抗血友病因子凝血因子Ⅷ恶性网状细胞增多症中性粒细胞咳血咯血恶性网状细胞增多症恶性组织细胞增多症枯草热花粉症鬼臼乙叉甙依托泊苷
季节性变应性皮炎花粉症足叶乙甙依托泊苷枯否细胞库普弗(Kupffer)细胞Wilson病肝豆状核变性郎罕氏细胞朗汉细胞抗菌素抗生素
冷心脏麻痹法冷心脏停搏逆转录病毒反转录病毒淋巴滤泡淋巴小结逆转录酶反转录酶
硫贲妥钠硫喷妥钠睡眠病非洲锥虫病咯痰咳痰同卵双生单卵双胎罗库溴胺罗库溴铵蛙皮素铃蟾肽马凡综合征马方综合征胃泌素促胃液素麦粒肿睑腺炎心钠素心房钠尿肽脉压差脉压心房肽心房钠尿肽脉搏压脉压异卵双生二卵双胎
美尼尔病梅尼埃病新生儿呼吸窘迫综合
征
新生儿肺透明膜病
猛性牙猖獗牙搭桥术旁路移植术
弥漫性血管内凝血弥散性血管内凝血智牙第三磨牙泌酸细胞壁细胞双尖牙前磨牙
内窥镜内镜干眼病眼干燥症
囊虫病猪囊尾蚴病水痘病毒水痘–带状疱疹病毒脑梗塞脑梗死带状疱疹病毒水痘–带状疱疹病毒桥脑脑桥。