Emission Factors for Fuel Combustion

汽车发动机是为汽车提供动力的装置，是汽车的心脏，决定着汽车的动力性、经济性、稳定性和环保性。

下面是搜索整理的汽车发动机英文参考文献，欢迎借鉴参考。

汽车发动机英文参考文献一：[1]Barouch Giechaskiel,Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa,Tero L?hde,Michael Clairotte,Massimo Carriero,Pierre Bonnel,Maurizio Maggiore. Evaluation of NO x emissions of a retrofitted Euro 5 passenger car for the Horizon prize “Engine retrofit”[J]. Environmental Research,2018,166.[2]Shixuan Wang,Ying Liu,Carla Di Cairano-Gilfedder,Scott Titmus,Mohamed M. Naim,Aris A. Syntetos. Reliability Analysis for Automobile Engines: Conditional Inference Trees[J]. Procedia CIRP,2018,72.[3]Kévin Rosset,Violette Mounier,Eliott Guenat,Jürg Schiffmann. Multi-objective optimization of turbo-ORC systems for waste heat recovery on passenger car engines[J]. Energy,2018,159.[4]Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali,Hou Xianjun,Mohamed A.A. Abdelkareem,M. Gulzar,A.H. Elsheikh. Novel approach of the graphene nanolubricant for energy saving via anti-friction/wear in automobile engines[J]. Tribology International,2018,124.[5]Shweta Tripathi,K.A. Subramanian. Control of fuel spray wall impingement on piston bowl in palm acid oil biodiesel fueled direct injection automotive engine using retarded injection timing, EGR and increased compression ratio[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,142.[6]Gianfranco Gagliardi,Francesco Tedesco,Alessandro Casavola. A LPV modeling of turbocharged spark-ignition automotive engine oriented to fault detection and isolation purposes[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute,2018.[7]Gritsada Sua-Iam,Natt Makul. Innovative utilization of foundry sand waste obtained from the manufacture of automobile engine parts as a cement replacement material in concrete production[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2018.[8]Kanhu Charan Nayak,Prashant P. Date. Manufacturing of light automobile engine piston head using sheet metal[J]. Procedia Manufacturing,2018,15.[9]Yisong Chen,Jinqiu Ma,Bin Han,Peng Zhang,Haining Hua,Hao Chen,Xin Su. Emissions of automobiles fueled with alternative fuels based on engine technology: A review[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition),2018.[10]Xinfeng Zhang,Minghui Luo,Wei Dai,Chuanqi Yao,Jiwen Wang,DaojinHuang,Chunyang Wang. Automotive fuel cell engine test cell design and its thermal flow analysis[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2018.[11]K. Sato,T. Sadahiro,M. Yamazaki,M. Iwase. Throttle Valve Control of Automotive Engine based on Boundary Model[J]. IFAC PapersOnLine,2018,51(13).[12]Ajay Kumar Maddineni,Dipayan Das,Ravi Mohan Damodaran. Numerical Investigation of Pressure and Flow characteristics of Pleated Air Filter System for Automotive Engine Intake Application[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2018.[13]Masahiro Yamazaki,Kotoru Sato,Katsuya Shinozaki,Masami Iwase. Boundary Modeling and Identification of Normal Operation for Automobile Engine[J]. IFAC PapersOnLine,2018,51(31).[14]Guo Bin,Chen Hong,Song Dafeng. Research on Fast Matching Method of Power System Parameters of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles[J]. IFAC PapersOnLine,2018,51(31).[15]Natália de Assis Brasil Weber,Bárbara Pacheco da Rocha,Paulo Smith Schneider,Luiz Carlos Daemme,Renato de Arruda Penteado Neto. Energy and emission impacts of liquid fueled engines compared to electric motors for small size motorcycles based on the Brazilian scenario[J]. Energy,2019,168.[16]Francesco Del Pero,Massimo Delogu,Marco Pierini. Life Cycle Assessment in the automotive sector: a comparative case study of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and electric car[J]. Procedia Structural Integrity,2018,12.[17]Shan Lin,Li Zhao,Shuai Deng,Jiaxin Ni,Ying Zhang,Minglu Ma. Dynamic performance investigation for two types of ORC system driven by waste heat of automotive internal combustion engine[J]. Energy,2019,169.[18]Zhang Jian,Piao Zhong-yu,Liu Shi-ying,Su Sheng-wei,Deng Li-jun. Investigation of wear behavior of graphite coating on aluminum piston skirt of automobile engine[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2019.[19]Karsten Wittek,Frank Geiger,Jakob Andert,Mario Martins,Vitor Cogo,Thompson Lanzanova. Experimental investigation of a variable compression ratio system applied to a gasoline passenger car engine[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2019,183.[20]Adnan Kadhim Rashid,Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor,Alexandru Racovitza,Radu Chiriac. Combustion Characteristics of Various Octane Rating Fuels for Automotive Thermal Engines Efficiency Requirements[J]. Energy Procedia,2019,157.[21]Marlon Cadrazco,Alexander Santamaría,John R. Agudelo. Chemical and nanostructural characteristics of the particulate matter produced by renewable diesel fuel in an automotive diesel engine[J]. Combustion and Flame,2019,203.[22]Kenneth Holmberg,Ali Erdemir. The impact of tribology on energy use and CO 2 emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars[J]. Tribology International,2019,135.[23]Hongli Gao,Fujun Zhang,Sufei Wang,Hao Wu,Zhengkai Wang. Effect of Characteristic Parameters on the Magnetic Properties of Voice Coil Motor for Direct Fuel Injection in Gasoline Engine[J]. Energy Procedia,2019,158.[24]Xunan Gao,Bojan Savic,Roland Baar. A numerical procedure to model heat transfer in radial turbines for automotive engines[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2019,153.[25]Senthil Kumar Kandasamy,Arun Saco Selvaraj,Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal. Experimental investigations of ethanol blended biodiesel fuel on automotive diesel engine performance, emission and durability characteristics[J]. Renewable Energy,2019,141.[26]Ganesh Duraisamy,Murugan Rangasamy,Nagarajan Govindan. A comparative study on methanol/diesel and methanol/PODE dual fuel RCCI combustion in an automotive diesel engine[J]. Renewable Energy,2020,145.[27]Nosratollah Izadiamoli,Hoseyn Sayyaadi. Conceptual design, optimization, and assessment of a hybrid Otto-Stirling engine/cooler for recovering the thermal energy of the exhaust gasses for automotive applications[J]. 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Characterization, concentration and risk assessment of airborne particles using car engine air filter (case study: Tehran metropolis).[J]. Environmental geochemistry and health,2019.[41]Sleigh Jamie,Warnaby Catherine E. Finding the starter motor for the engine of consciousness.[J]. British journal of anaesthesia,2019,123(3).[42]Derry Matthew J,Smith Timothy,O'Hora Paul S,Armes Steven P. Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Provide Excellent Boundary Lubrication Performance for Next-Generation Ultralow-Viscosity Automotive Engine Oils.[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces,2019.[43]. Hyundai Motor Company; Patent Issued for Continuous Variable Valve Duration Apparatus And Engine Provided With The Same (USPTO 10,060,307)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[44]. Mazda Motor Corporation; Patent Issued for Engine Control Device (USPTO 10,060,372)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[45]. Automotive Engine Market 2018 Global Industry Outlook By Size, Key Players, Trends, Share, Suppliers, Statistics, Sales, Growth, And Regional Forecast To 2023[J]. M2 Presswire,2018.[46]. Mathematics - Applied Mathematics; Researchers at University of Calabria Report New Data on Applied Mathematics (A LPV modeling of turbocharged spark-ignition automotive engine oriented to fault detection and isolation purposes)[J]. Journal of Transportation,2018.[47]. Ford Global Technologies LLC; "Hybrid Module, Hybrid Unit And Motor Vehicle As Well As Starting Process For An Internal Combustion Engine" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180238291)[J]. Politics & Government Week,2018.[48]. Mazda Motor Corporation; Patent Application Titled "Engine Control Device" Published Online (USPTO 20180245529)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[49]. Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd.; "Cooling Device For Internal Combustion Engine Of Vehicle And Control Method Thereof" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180245504)[J]. Journal of Transportation,2018.[50]. Automotive Engine Valves Market 2018 Global Industry Size, Key Player, Share, Mergers, Acquisition, Growth Analysis By Valves Type, Technology, Fuel Type, Vehicle And Region To 2023[J]. M2 Presswire,2018.[51]. Litens Automotive Partnership; Patent Issued for Isolator For Use With Engine That Is Assisted Or Started By An MGU Or A Motor Through An Endless Drive Member (USPTO 10,060,502)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[52]. Honda Motor Co. Ltd.; Patent Issued for Supercharged Engine (USPTO 10,060,337)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[53]. Hyundai Motor Company; Patent Issued for Method Of And System For Generating Virtual Engine Sound (USPTO 10,059,260)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[54]. Suzuki Motor Corporation; Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Lubrication Structure For Internal Combustion Engine", for Approval (USPTO 20180238203)[J]. Politics & Government Week,2018.[55]. Energy; Studies from Brunel University in the Area of Energy Described (Expander Technologies for Automotive Engine Organic Rankine Cycle Applications)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[56]. Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd.; Patent Application Titled "Cooling Device For Internal Combustion Engine Of Vehicle And Control Method Thereof" Published Online (USPTO 20180245503)[J]. Journal of Transportation,2018.[57]. Honda Motor Co.Ltd.; Patent Application Titled "Internal Combustion Engine For Vehicle" Published Online (USPTO 20180245509)[J]. Politics & Government Week,2018.[58]. Honda Motor Co. Ltd.; Patent Issued for V Engine Having Valve Property Varying Mechanism (USPTO 10,066,553)[J]. Journal of Engineering,2018.[59]. Nissan Motor Co. 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Hyundai Motor Company; "Engine Cooling System" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180163608)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[66]Jedd Cole. Grinder Simplifies Automotive Engine Part Production[J]. Modern Machine Shop,2018,91(3).[67]. Energy; Reports Outline Energy Study Results from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (Multi-objective optimization of turbo-ORC systems for waste heat recovery on passenger car engines)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[68]. Science - Applied Sciences; Researchers from Inha University Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Applied Sciences (A New Method for Active Cancellation of Engine Order Noise in a Passenger Car)[J]. Science Letter,2018.[69]. Honda Motor Co. Ltd.; Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Engine Generator", for Approval (USPTO 20180283340)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[70]. Mazda Motor Corporation; Patent Application Titled "Control Device Of Compression Self-Ignition Engine" Published Online (USPTO 20180283296)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[71]. Continental Automotive GmbH; "High-Pressure Fuel Pump And Fuel Supply Device For An Internal Combustion Engine, In Particular Of A Motor Vehicle" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180283336)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[72]. Kia Motors Corporation; "Hybrid Vehicle And Method Of Controlling Engine Start" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180297578)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[73]. Mazda Motor Corporation; Patent Issued for Fuel Injection Control Device For Direct-Injection Engine (USPTO 10,119,492)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[74]. Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.; Patent Issued for Engine Control Device And Engine Control Method (USPTO 10,119,486)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[75]. Johnson Electric S.A.; "Motor, Circuit Board, And Engine Cooling Module Including The Motor" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180337578)[J]. Electronics Business Journal,2018.[76]. Mazda Motor Corporation; Patent Application Titled "Structure Of Mounting Intake Air Temperature Sensor Of Engine With Supercharger" Published Online (USPTO 20180340496)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[77]. Kia Motors Corporation; "System And Method For Controlling Engine Clutch" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180335096)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[78]. Kia Motors Corporation; "Method For Starting Engine For Hybrid Electric Vehicle" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180340503)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[79]. Kia Motors Corporation; "Piston For Engine" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20180340491)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2018.[80]Maniatis P,Wagner U,Koch T. A model-based and experimental approach for the determination of suitable variable valve timings for cold start in partial load operation of a passenger car single-cylinder diesel engine[J]. International Journal of Engine Research,2019,20(1).[81]Tauzia Xavier,Maiboom Alain,Karaky Hassan,Chesse Pascal. Experimental analysis of the influence of coolant and oil temperature on combustion and emissions in an automotive diesel engine[J]. International Journal of Engine Research,2019,20(2).[82]. Kia Motors Corporation; Patent Issued for Engine Idle Operation Control Method And System For Heating Of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (USPTO 10,220,828)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2019.[83]. Suzuki Motor Corporation; Patent Issued for Engine Control Device And Engine Control Method (USPTO 10,232,924)[J]. Computers, Networks & Communications,2019.[84]. Kia Motors Corporation; "Gasoline Direct Injection Engine" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20190078500)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2019.[85]. Proposed Information Collection Request; Comment Request; Motor Vehicle and Engine Compliance Program Fees (Renewal), EPA ICR 2080.07, OMB Control No. 2060-0545[J]. The Federal Register / FIND,2019,84(070).[86]. Energy; Findings from Federal University of Santa Maria in the Area of Energy Reported (Experimental Investigation of a Variable Compression Ratio System Applied To a Gasoline Passenger Car Engine)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2019.[87]. Energy; Studies from Federal University in the Area of Energy Described (Energy and Emission Impacts of Liquid Fueled Engines Compared To Electric Motors for Small Size Motorcycles Based On the Brazilian Scenario)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2019.[88]. Central Motor Wheel Co. Ltd.; Patent Application Titled "Thermoacoustic Engine, And Designing Method For Thermoacoustic Engine" Published Online (USPTO 20190085833)[J]. Energy Weekly News,2019.[89]. 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Annex 1: Worksheets A N N E X1WORKSHEETSVolume 2 : EnergyContentsAnnex 1 Worksheets1A Fuel Combustion Activities ........................................................................................................... A1.6 1B.1 Solid Fuels ................................................................................................................................... A1.11 1B.2 Oil and Natural Gas ..................................................................................................................... A1.14 Reference Approach ................................................................................................................................... A1.16 Auxiliary Worksheet (Reference Approach) .............................................................................................. A1.19Annex 1: Worksheets1.1INTRODUCTIONThis Annex presents worksheets to enable inventory compilers to readily implement the Tier 1 methods. Volume 1, Chapter 8 gives guidance on how to report the resulting emission estimates.Table 1 explains the main considerations concerning fuel consumption to be taken into account with respect to column A of the fuel combustion activities worksheets.Worksheets for fuel combustion activities also cater for CO2 capture from the subcategories 1A 1 and 1A 2. Emissions of CO2 from biomass fuels are estimated and reported in the AFOLU sector as part of the AFOLU methodology. In the reporting tables, emissions from combustion of biofuels are reported as information items but not included in the sectoral or national totals to avoid double counting.Worksheets for fugitive emissions are of two types:(1)Emissions arising from mining, processing, storage and transportation of coal. This includes thenew method of determining CH4 emissions from abandoned coal mines.(2)Emissions from oil and natural gas systems.Reference Approach worksheets are also included though its main purpose in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines is to serve as an independent verification cross-check of the bottom-up approach methods described in Tiers 1, 2 and 3.Volume 2: Energy1 Fuels not burned for energy purposes are not included in this table (e.g. bitumen and white spirits).Annex 1: Worksheets2 Fuels not burned for energy purposes are not included in this table (e.g. bitumen and white spirits).Volume 2 : Energy2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.62006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.7Volume 2 : Energy2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.8Annex 1: Worksheets2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.9Volume 2 : Energy2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.10Annex 1: Worksheets2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.11Volume 2 : Energy2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.12Annex 1 : WorksheetsVolume 2 : EnergyThe following worksheet for the Tier 1 approach should be filled in for each source category and subcategory. The potential subcategories are indicated in Tables 4.2.2 and 4.2.4 to 4.2.5 of the Chapter 4: Fugitive Emissions.2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.142006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories A1.15Volume 2 : EnergyAnnex 1 : WorksheetsVolume 2 : EnergyAnnex 1 : Worksheets。

- Amount of energy which is unavailable to do work - A measure of disorder
Page 5
Ideal Brayton Cycle
Gas Turbine Application
Note: s denotes entropy
P2 T2 = P T 1 1
η compressor =
η compressor =
Work Ideal Work Actual
Temperature
LEGEND
Ideal Cycle With ηc & ηt
3
(T2 − T1 ) Ideal (T2 − T1 ) Actual
γ −1 γ
2
P2 T2Ideal = T1 P 1
γ γ −1
P T = 3 = 3 P4 T4
γ γ −1
η
Cycle
=
Work Output (MW) Heat Content (Fuel)
(T = 3
- T 4 (T
) - (T - T 3 2
- T ) 2 1 )
Page 6
Real Brayton Cycle
ure ress ge P har Disc ssor pre Com
LEGEND
Ideal Cycle With ηc & ηt With ∆P’s
2
3
n dditio eat A H
pans Expansion
Combustor ∆ ∆P
Temperature
Compres sion
Exhaust ∆P

温室气体产品碳足迹量化要求和指南The issue of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints has gained significant attention in recent years. As the awareness of climate change continues to grow, it has become increasingly important for organizations and individuals to understand and quantify their carbon footprints. This is where the concept of greenhouse gas accounting comes into play.碳足迹问题与温室气体排放密切相关，近年来备受关注。

随着人们对气候变化的认识不断增强，组织和个人了解和量化自己的碳足迹变得越来越重要。

这就是温室气体核算概念的应用所在。

Greenhouse gas accounting involves measuring and tracking the amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly orindirectly by an entity or activity. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the carbon footprint associated with various processes, products, or services. By quantifying greenhouse gas emissions, organizations can identify areas for improvement and implement strategies to reduce their carbon footprint.温室气体核算包括测量和跟踪实体或活动直接或间接排放的温室气体数量。