英美文学1

英美文学简明教程上册课文翻译1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans(罗马)，Anglo Saxons (盎格鲁撒克逊人)and Normans (日耳曼). The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England,while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization(地中海文明) , including Greek culture(古希腊文化)，Rome law(罗马法律)and the Christian religion(基督教). It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature（古英语文学)extends from about 450 to 1066,the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry(古英语诗) that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one(宗教类和世俗类).4. Beowulf（贝尔武夫): a typical example of 0ld English poetry is regarded as the national epic(民族史诗) of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.翻译：1.英格兰的居民是凯尔特人。

01. Humanism(人文主义)1>Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)1>The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)1>Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classicism(古典主义)Classicism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)1>Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in France and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan Swift. etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1>In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1>The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present ,with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)1>In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England.2>It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. 4> The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)1>Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1>Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）1>The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier, the first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The Victorian period(维多利亚时期)1>In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)1>Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting, music and architecture.4> in England from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions. fresh ways of looki ng at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style. It is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow, tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings. Famous writers to employ this technique in the English language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

外国语言文学英美文学经典作品及其主题解读在外国语言文学中，英美文学的经典作品有着独特的地位。

这些作品不仅要求我们具备深厚的语言功底，还需要我们对其主题进行准确的解读。

本文将对几部具有代表性的英美文学经典作品及其主题进行解读。

一、《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一。

这部小说以伊丽莎白·班纳特为主角，讲述了她在虚伪世俗的社会中与达西先生展开一系列误会和爱情纠葛的故事。

主题围绕着社会等级观念、婚姻与爱情、道德与虚伪等展开。

首先是社会等级观念。

小说中通过班纳特家五个姐妹与达西家的交往，揭示了当时英国社会对等级和地位的刻板印象与偏见。

班纳特家在社会地位上相对较低，然而，伊丽莎白并不满足于嫁给一个地位高的人，她追求真正的爱情和尊严。

这一主题凸显了对社会等级制度的批判，并呼吁人们超越外在身份认同，寻求内心的真实幸福。

其次是婚姻与爱情。

小说中塑造了一系列各种类型的婚姻关系，展示了不同婚姻观念和结合方式对人们的生活造成的影响。

而伊丽莎白与达西的爱情则是通过对彼此误解的消除和对内心真实感情的发现而得以进一步发展。

通过这一主题，作者探讨了婚姻的本质、婚姻中的真实感情与利益的冲突，并强调了爱情与金钱地位的平衡。

最后是道德与虚伪。

小说中通过对不同人物的描绘，展现了当时社会上种种虚伪和偏见现象。

例如，傲慢与虚伪的维吉尼亚夫人以及假惺惺的卢卡斯夫人等。

通过这些人物形象，作者要求读者审视并反思社会中存在的道德、诚信和虚伪等问题，并提出要坚持真实的自我，摒弃虚伪的社会标签。

二、《红与黑》《红与黑》是法国作家司汤达的代表作，以主人公朱丽安·索雷尔为中心，讲述了他为了实现个人升迁与成功而不择手段的故事。

主题主要涉及到爱情与权力、社会与阶级之间的矛盾，并对当时法国社会进行了深刻的揭示。

首先是爱情与权力。

小说中，朱丽安在与慈善机构负责人玛丽安娜的爱情之间徘徊，又与贵族夫人玛德琳发生了婚外情。

英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。

以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。

一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。

（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。

代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。

2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。

3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。

4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。

（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。

2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。

二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。

（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。

英语英美文学经典导读导读一：英国文学经典作品英国文学是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝，其中不乏经典之作。

本节将为大家介绍几部英国文学经典作品，帮助大家更好地了解英国文学的魅力。

1.《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）——简·奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学史上最受欢迎的小说之一。

小说以19世纪英国上流社会的婚姻制度为背景，通过对女主角伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事的描写，展现了社会阶级与个人追求之间的冲突。

作品以细腻的笔触描绘了人物形象，深入剖析了人性的复杂性，具有深刻的社会意义。

2.《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights）——艾米莉·勃朗特《呼啸山庄》是19世纪英国文学的经典之作，被誉为世界文学史上最伟大的小说之一。

小说以英国乡村为背景，讲述了希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳之间的悲剧爱情故事。

作品以独特的叙事结构和深邃的心理描写打动了读者，展现了人性的复杂性和爱情的矛盾性。

3.《哈利·波特》系列（Harry Potter）——J·K·罗琳《哈利·波特》系列是当代英国文学的代表作之一，也是全球畅销的奇幻小说系列。

故事以年轻巫师哈利·波特为主角，讲述了他在霍格沃茨魔法学校的冒险经历。

作品融合了魔法、友情、勇气等元素，展现了对抗邪恶力量的正义与勇敢。

导读二：美国文学经典作品美国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，拥有众多经典之作。

本节将为大家介绍几部美国文学经典作品，帮助大家深入了解美国文学的风采。

1.《老人与海》（The Old Man and the Sea）——欧内斯特·海明威《老人与海》是美国文学巨匠海明威的代表作之一，也是世界文学史上的经典之作。

小说讲述了古巴渔夫圣地亚哥与一条巨大的马林鱼搏斗的故事。

作品以简洁而富有力量的语言展现了人与自然的较量，探讨了人生的意义和尊严。

2.《了不起的盖茨比》（The Great Gatsby）——F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》是20世纪美国文学的杰作之一，被誉为美国文学的象征。

I. Fill in the blanks.1.The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were (Britons), a tribe of (celts)2.Who is Julius Caesar? (the Roman Conqueror)3.Beowulf is a ( pagan) poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society4.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of（pagan）5.The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two divisions, ( pagan) and (Christian).6.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing (knightly)adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.7.(Popular ballads) are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by the oral transmission.8.For nearly 400 years before the coming of the English, Britain had been a(Roman)province. After the Romans left Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates. 10.They were three tribes from Northern Europe: (Angles) (Saxons),and (Jutes)11.（Alfred the Great）is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.12.In the year (1066), at the battle of (Hastings), the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons13.After the Norman Conquest, (feudal) system was established in English society14. (Geoffery Chaucer) the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poetry of England, was born in London about 1340.15.The hero in the romance is usually the ( knight).16.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ( Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales).17.When he died, Chaucer was buried in (Westminster Abbey )the Poet' s Corner18.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?( Romeo and Juliet). A. Othello B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Hamlet莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》19.Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a (couplet) with the rhyme scheme ( abab cdcd efef gg.)20.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme21.(Humanism) is the key-note of the (Renaissance).22.How many works did William Shakespeare produce? (37) plays, 154 sonnets and 7 long poems.23.Shakespeare’s Comedies are T he Merchant of Venice; The Twelfth Night; A24.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream and (As You Like it). {四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night}25.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.26.English Renaissance Period was an age of (drama) and (poetry)27.“Renaissance” is a (French) word that means "rebirth". It was a rebirth of learning and art.28.The Renaissance first began in (Italy) in the 13th and 14th centuries.29.One of the features of the Renaissance is the thirsty curiosity for the (classical) literature, especially Greek and Roman literature. Another feature is the keen interest in man and human activities.30.The (prologue) provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.31.Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the (London) dialect, so profusely used by the poet32.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? (Grendel)33.It was during the Roman rule that (Christianity) was introduced to Briton.34.The following are the poetic form of Beowulf, the use of (alliteration), (metaphors) and (understatement)35.In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, why does Gawain take the lady’s green girdle? (because he doesn’t want to die).36.（Edmund Spenser）was known as “the poets’ poet.”37.“To be, or not to be—that is the question” is taken fro (Hamlet)38.Christopher Marlowe, the pioneer of drama gave new vigor to (blank verse) with his mighty lines.II. Major Authors and Their WorksGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟Foreign Influences1. Boccaccio(薄伽丘）Decameron 《十日谈》2.Dante 但丁Three Stages1.The French period (1360~1372)Under the influence of French poetryThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》2. Italian period (1372~1385)Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceThe House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Cressie《特罗勒斯与克莱西》3. English period (1386~1400)Free from any foreign influenceThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《汉姆莱特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克佩斯》All's Well That Ends Well《终成眷属》Measure for Measure《量罪记》Thomas More 托马斯·摩尔Utopia《乌托邦》Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》III. Define the following terms.1.Epic：（史诗）A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It has historical root. Meanwhile, it incorporates myth, legend and folk tale. Many epics were transmitted orally by song and recitation before they were written down. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton’s Paradise Lost.2.Alliteration: is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other in a line. It is the basis of Old English verse. The two parts of a line in the poem are united by alliteration. 头韵法:头韵法是指两个或两个以上相邻或相近的词用相同的字母或声韵开头的修饰方法。

英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学简史及名篇选读英美文学历史悠久，兼收并蓄，蕴含着丰富的文化底蕴和独特的文学风格。

本文将从文学发展、主要作家及其代表作，以及作品内容等方面，介绍英美文学的发展史和一些著名的文学代表作品。

一、英美文学的发展英美文学的历史可以追溯到古代，但是现代英美文学发展以文艺复兴时期开始，并在18世纪达到顶峰。

19世纪和20世纪，英美文学经历了象征主义、现代主义和后现代主义等派别的影响，作家的风格也日渐多样化。

二、英美文学的主要作家及其代表作1.威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最著名的作家之一，他的作品包括诸如《麦克白》、《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等经典作品，在当时非常受欢迎。

2.詹姆斯·乔伊斯詹姆斯·乔伊斯是20世纪最具代表性的小说家之一，其作品以《尤利西斯》和《都柏林人》最为知名，他以流露出来的内心世界和音乐般的语言呈现了人性和命运。

3.欧内斯特·海明威欧内斯特·海明威是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的作品以《老人与海》和《太阳照常升起》最为著名。

他以简练而概括的语言，描绘出战争和人性的无边悲剧。

他的作品经常强调男子汉的美德和荣誉感，深受广大男性读者的喜爱。

4.弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德弗朗西斯·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪最著名的小说家之一，他的代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》、《钻石大亨》等。

他的作品描绘了20世纪初美国精神和道德的沉沦，抨击了金钱至上的社会价值观。

5.托马斯·品钦托马斯·品钦是20世纪最具代表性的诗人之一，他创作的诗歌以《地狱直到最后一分钟》尤为著名，其风格多以梦幻、神秘和超自然的元素为主。

三、英美文学的代表作1.《为食神授》——乔纳森·斯威夫这是一部富有讽刺意味的小说，反映了社会弊病和人性的扭曲，同时又通过讽刺和幽默的手法进行了批判。

1[1].英美⽂学作家作品名录英美⽂学(⼀)美国⽂学巨匠及代表作：1.约翰·史密斯：“第⼀位美国作家”，《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》被认为是美国⽂学史上的“第⼀部作品”。

John Smith (1580-1631), A True Relation of such occurrences and accidents of noate as hath happened in Virginia since the first planting of that Collonoy (1608)2.本杰明?富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)：《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack(1733-1758)、《⾃传》Autobiography3.托马斯?潘恩Thomas Paine (1737-1809)：《常识》Common Sense (1776)、《理性的时代》The Age of Reason (1794-1795)4.华盛顿?欧⽂Washington Irving (1783-1859)：《见闻札记》The Sketch Book(1819-1820)、《瑞普?凡?温克尔》Rip Van Winkle5.詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)：《间谍》The Spy (1821)、《领航者》The Pilot (1823)、《拓荒者》The Pioneers (1823)6.威廉?柯伦?布赣恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)：《似⽔流年》The Flood of Years(1878)、《死亡随想》Thanatopsis (1817)7.拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默⽣Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)：《论⾃然》Nature (1836)、《美国学者》The American Scholar (1837)、《论⾃⽴》Self-Reliance (1841)8.亨利?⼤卫?梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)：《⽡尔登湖》Walden (1854)、《论市民之服从》Civil Disobedience (1849)9.纳塞尔尼?霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)：《古屋青苔》Mosses from an Old House(1846)、《红字》The Scarlet Letter (1850)10.赫尔曼?迈尔维尔Herman Melville (1819-1891)：《⽩鲸》Moby-Dick (1851)、《泰⽐》Typee(1846)11.沃尔特?惠特曼Walt Whitman (1819-1892)：《草叶集》Leaves of Grass (1855)，《⾃我之歌》Song of Myself (1855)12.哈利特?⽐彻?斯托Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)：《汤姆叔叔的⼩屋》Uncle Tom’sCabin (1852)13.马克?吐温Mark Twain (1835-1910)：《汤姆?索亚历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)、《哈克贝利?费恩历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)14.欧?亨利O. Henry (1862-1910)：《警察与赞美诗》The Cop and the Anthem、《麦琪的礼物》The Gift of the Magi15.亨利?詹姆斯Henry James (1843-1916)：《黛西?⽶勒》Daisy Miller (1879)、《贵妇⼈画像》The Portrait of a Lady (1881)16.杰克?伦敦Jack London (1876-1916)：《狼之⼦》The Son of the Wolf (1900)、《野性的呼唤》The Call of the Wild (1903)、《马丁?伊登》Martin Eden (1909)17.欧内斯特?海明威Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)：《永别了，武器》A Farewell to Arms(1929)、《丧钟为谁⽽鸣》For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)、《太阳照样升起》The Sun Also Rises (1926)、《⽼⼈与海》The Old Man and the Sea (1952)18.弗朗西斯?斯各特?菲茨杰拉德Francis Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)：《⼈间天堂》This Sideof Paradise (1920)、《了不起的盖茨⽐》The Great Gatsby (1925)19.⾟克莱?刘易斯Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)：《⼤街》Main Street (1920)、《巴特⽐》Babbitt(1922)20.约翰?斯坦贝克John Steinbeck (1902-1968)：《愤怒的葡萄》The Grapes of Wrath (1939)、《珍珠》The Pearl (1948)21.杰罗姆?戴维?塞林格Jerome David Salinger (1919- )：《麦⽥守曼者》The Catcher in the Rye(1951)22.威廉?福克纳William Faulkner (1897-1962)：《在我弥留之际》As I Lay Dying (1930)、《喧哗与骚动》The Sound and the Fury (1929)、《押沙龙，押沙龙!》Absalom, Absalom! (1936)(⼆)英国⽂学巨匠及代表作：1.杰弗⾥?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343-1400)：《坎特伯雷故事集》The Canterbury Tales2.菲利普?席德尼爵⼠Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586)：《阿卡狄亚》Arcadia3.埃德蒙?斯宾塞Edmund Spenser (c. 1552-1599)：《仙后》The Faerie Queene (1590-1596)、《牧⽺⼈⽇志》Shepheardes Calender (1579)4.托马斯?摩尔Thomas More (?1477-1535)；《乌托邦》Utopia (1516)5.威廉?莎⼠⽐亚William Shakespeare (1564-1616)：《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night’sDream (1595)、《哈姆雷特》Hamlet (1600-1601)、《李尔王》King Lear (1604-1605)、《麦克⽩》Macbeth (1606)、《奥塞罗》Othello (1603-1604)、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and Juliet (1595)、《威尼斯商⼈》The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597)、《驯悍记》The Taming of the Shrew (1593)6.本杰明?琼森Ben Jonson (1572/3-1637)：《炼⾦术⼠》The Alchemist (1610)7.弗朗西斯?培根Francis Bacon (1561-1626)：《论说⽂集》The Essays (1597)8.约翰?邓恩John Donne (1572-1631)：《神圣体⼗四⾏》Holy Sonnets、《歌谣与⼗四⾏诗》Songs and Sonnets9.约翰?弥尔顿John Milton (1608-1674)：《失乐园》Paradise Lost (1667)、《复乐园》ParadiseRegained (1671)、《⼒⼠参孙》Samson Agonistes (1671)10.丹尼尔?笛福Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)：《鲁滨逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe (1719)、《摩尔弗兰德斯》Moll Flanders (1722)11.塞缪尔?理查森Samuel Richardson (1689-1761)：《帕⽶拉》Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded(1740-1741)、《克拉丽莎》Clarissa (1747-1749)12.亨利?菲尔丁Henry Fielding (1707-1754)：《阿⽶莉亚》Amelia (1752)、《汤姆?琼斯》TomJones (1749)13.乔纳森?斯威夫特Jonathan Swift (1607-1745)：《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels (1726)、《⼀个⽊桶的故事》A Tale of a Tub (1704)14.约翰?班扬John Bunyan (1628-1688)：《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678-1684)15.塞缪尔?约翰逊Samuel Johnson (1709-1804)：《英语⼤辞典》A Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage (1755)16.威廉?布莱克William Blake (1757-1827)：《素描诗集》Poetical Sketches (1783)，《天真之歌》Songs of Innocence (1789)17.乔治?⼽登?拜伦George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)：《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》Childe Harold’sPilgrimage (1812-1818)、《该隐》Cain (1821)、《唐璜》Don Juan (1819-1824)18.帕西?⽐希?雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)：《云雀颂》To a Skylark (1820)、《麦布⼥王》Queen Mab (1813)、《解放了的普罗⽶休斯》Prometheus Unbound (1820)19.约翰?济慈John Keats (1795-1821)：《伊莎贝拉》Isabella (1820)、《夜鸳颂》Ode to aNightingale (1820)、《秋颂》To Autumn (1820)20.简?奥斯汀Jane Austen (1775-1817)：《爱玛》Emma (1816)、《傲慢与偏见》Pride andPrejudice (1813)、《理智与情感》Sense and Sensibility (1811)21.阿尔弗雷德?丁尼⽣Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)：《两兄弟诗集》Poems by Two Brothers(1827)、《国王之歌》Idylls of the King (1891)22.查尔斯?狄更斯Charles Dickens (1812-1770)：《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities (1859)、《⼤卫?科波⾮尔》David Copperfield (1849-1850)、《远⼤前程》Great Expectations (1860-1861)、《雾都孤⼉》Oliver Twist (1837-1838)、《艰难时代》Hard Times (1854)、《⽼古玩店》The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841)、《匹克威克外传》The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837)23.夏洛特?勃朗特Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)：《简·爱》Jane Eyre (1847)24.爱⽶丽?勃朗特Emily Bronte (1818-1848)：《呼啸⼭庄》Wuthering Heights (1847)25.约瑟夫?康拉德Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)：《吉姆⽼爷》Lord Jim (1900)26.勃朗特?布朗宁Robert Browning (1812-1889)：《异国乡思》Home-Thoughts, from Abroad(1845)、《戒指与书》The Ring and the Book (1868-1869)27.罗伯特?史蒂⽂森Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)：《⾦银岛》Treasure Island (1883)、《诱拐》Kidnapped (1886)28.托马斯?哈代Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)：《远离尘嚣》Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)、《⽆名的裘德》Jude the Obscure (1895)、《德伯家的苔丝》Tess of t he D’Urbervilles (1891)、《卡斯特桥市长》The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)、《还乡》The Return of the Native (1878) 29.威廉?梅克⽪斯?萨克雷William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863)：《名利场》Vanity Fair(1847)30.威廉?莫⾥斯William Morris (1834-1896)：《⼈间乐园》The Earthly Paradise (1868-1870)、《希望的探求者》The Pilgrims of Hope (1885)31.乔治?萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)：《芭芭拉少校》Major Barbara (1907)、《华伦夫⼈的职业》Mrs Warren’s Profession (1898)、《鳏夫之家》Widowers’ Houses (1893) 32.托马斯?史登斯?艾略特Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)：《圣灰星期三》Ash-Wednesday(1930)、《四个四重奏》Four Quartets (1935-1942)、《荒原》The Waste Land (1922)33.⼤卫?赫伯特?劳伦斯David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930)：《查泰莱夫⼈的情⼈》LadyChatterley’s Lover (1928)、《⼉⼦与情⼈》Sons and Lovers (1913)、《虹》The Rainbow (1915)，《恋爱中的⼥⼈》Women in Love (1920)34.威廉?萨默赛特?⽑姆William Somerset Maugham (1874-1965)：《⽉亮与六便⼠》The Moonand Sixpence (1919)、《⼈性的枷锁》Of Human Bondage (1915)、《⼑锋》The Razor’s Edge (1944)35.詹姆斯?乔伊斯James Joyce (1882-1941)：《⼀个青年艺术家的西像》A Portrait of the Artistas a Young Man (1914-1915)、《都柏林⼈》Dubliners (1914)、《尤利西斯》Ulysses (1922) 36.维吉尼亚?伍尔夫Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)：《到灯塔去》To the Lighthouse (1927)、《海浪》The Waves (1931)、《奥兰多》Orlando (1928)、《达罗维夫⼈》Mrs Dalloway (1925)。