高中英语必学语法之情态动词(二)
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情态动词（二）
●知识点精讲透析
●考点一 shall
1. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。
1) You shall go with me. (命令)
2) You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺)
3) He shall be punished. (威胁)
2. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。
4) Shall we begin our class? （征求意见）
5) When shall Mike be able to leave hospital? (请示)
3. 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。
6）Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷完全收回后，应试人才能离开座位。
过手训练
1. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you?
A. will B. shall C. must D. may
2. One of our rules is that every student _____ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
●考点二 should
1. 表义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人陈。例：
You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
2. 表推测，意为“想必；一定，照说应该，估计等”。例：
The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors. 这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
3. 表示条件，意为“万一”。
Should it rain tomorrow, what shall we do? 明天万一下雨，我们该怎么办？
4. 表示惊异，意为“居然，竟然”。
I can’t believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。
过手训练
1. With all his money, he_____ worry about a little thing like 5 cents!
A. can B. must C. may D. should
2. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack_____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
●考点三 should和ought to
第 2 页 共 6 页 1. should, ought to意为“理应，应该”, 但ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。例：
They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他们昨天就离开了，现在理应到家了。
She ought to take good care of you. 她应该好好照顾你。
2. 表示劝告、建议和命令，should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window?
3. 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)
●考点四 will
1. 表示请求，建议等，would更委婉。例：
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。例：
I will stop smoking. 我决心戒烟了。
If you will attend the club, please sign your name here. 如果你愿意参加俱乐部，请在这里签名。
3. 表示一种习惯、倾向或趋势。例：
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
过手训练
1. ____ you join us in the games?
A. Will B. Shall C. May D. Might
2. John promised his doctor he ______ not smoke, and he hasn't smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would.
●考点五 “情态动词 + have done” 用法总结
1. must +have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，否定式为
can’t/couldn’t +have done 例：
It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy. 昨晚一定是下雨了， 因为地上很泥泞。
We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。
2. should/ought to + have done表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to + have done表示“不该做的事反而做了” 例：
You should have passed the entrance examination. 你本应该通过入学考试的。（实际上没有通过）
You shouldn’t have told her the news. 你不该把这个消息告诉她。（实际上已经告诉她了）
3. may/might + have done 表示“某事可能发生了”（might表示的语气更加微弱）例：
It is too late. I think she may have gone to bed.太晚了，我想她可能已经睡了。
He might have caught a cold yesterday. 昨天他可能感冒了。
第 3 页 共 6 页 4. can + have done通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为―难道真的做了吗‖，表示怀疑。例：
Can he have done such a foolish thing? = Is it possible for him to do such a foolish thing? 他会做这样的傻事吗?（表怀疑）
He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。（表不可能）
5. could + have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测；用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done相同。例：
You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。（表惋惜）
This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it. 这个玻璃杯破了，可能是谁把它掉在地上了。（表推测过去）
Could he have left the work unfinished? 他会丢下工作不干了？（表怀疑）
He couldn't have checked out so early. 他不可能这么早就结账走了。（表不可能）
6. needn’t + have done 表示“本来没必要做某事却做了” 例：
You needn’t have come so early. 你本来不必来这么早。
7. would+ have done用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况。
If he had told me about it, I would have gone with him. 如果他告诉我那件事，我就跟他一起去了。
过手训练
1. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done
2. He______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't
●考点六 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。
It’s twelve o’clock, they must be having lunch. 现在是十二点，他们一定正在吃饭。
They may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。
