2020职称英语卫生类阅读理解练习题(7)

2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation-trying to grow too many crops on poor land-results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀)follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together,to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for otherplants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management off or rest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.36.【题干】The Sahel zone is an area which _____.【选项】A.is covered with sad and grassB.has a long historyC.occupies much of South NigeriaD.belongs to Sudan【答案】A【解析】37. 【题干】What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?【选项】A.The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB.The deserts are expandingC.the deserts are moving northwardsD.the deserts are being deserted【答案】B【解析】38. 【题干】The word "deteriorated" in paragraph2 means _____.【选项】A.deepenedB.sufferedC.slippedD.worsened【答案】D【解析】39. 【题干】What is the root cause of desertification?【选项】A.poor farmingB.overpopulationC.radical climate changeD.disappearance of rare plant species。

2020年职称英语卫生类C级阅读判断历年真题及解析2020年真题Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). The reminder is part of the academy's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February."Many eye diseases progress without any waming sings," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. One of the hardest adjustmentsa person can make is adapting to life with permanent vision loss. That is why nothing replaces a comprehensive baseline eye exam."Based on the findings from the initial screening, an ophthalmologist will create a schedule forfollow-up eye exams.People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or at high risk due to family history,diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with their ophthalmologist to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.But many Americans are unconcemed about the risk ofvision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concemed about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.16. Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. In Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux's opinion, eye diseases progress by warning signs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Gradual changes in vision can affect one's thought.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2020年真题Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission,5,900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors offices' last year for sprains (扭伤) and strains caused by backpacks. Such injuries are so。

2020职称英语考试卫生类阅读理解模拟题（6）Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep.Perchance to file?Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats andmice.Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatosensory neocortex （an area that processes sensory information） and the hippocampus,which is a center for learning and memory.The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined.So-called sleep spindles （bursts of activity from the neocortex） were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples.The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.A second study,also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems.In the new work,Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels,which tend to increase with age,affect memory in healthy people as well.Thescientists administered11 recall tests,brain scans and glucose tolerance tests,which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.Subjects with the poorest memory recollection,the team discovered,also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance.In addition,their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar."Our study suggests that this impairment12 may contribute to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age." Convit says."And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15,so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.词汇：perchance adv.偶然；可能online n.在线的stow vt.贮藏，堆装emanate vi.发源somatosensory adj.体觉的neocortex n.新（大脑）皮质oscillation n.振荡intertwine v.缠绕spindle n.纺锤体ripple n.波动，脉动diabetes n.糖尿病recollection n.回忆shrinkage n.收缩impairment n.损伤intrigue n.引起……兴趣（或好奇心）cognition n.理解注释：1.file memories：归档并储存记忆。

2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。

2020年职称英语真题《卫生B》补全短文真题及答案What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say thatthis nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. _____(46)The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer._____(47)For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff fromthe University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. _____(48)Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. _____(49)This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in differentways._____(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not thereal world.46.【题干】_____【选项】A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that peoplestarted to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.【答案】E【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that peoplestarted to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.【答案】F【解析】。

2020职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解练习题（8）Quality EducationA quality education is the ultimate liberator.It can free people from poverty,giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society.It Can also free communities and countries,allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason.the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2020,a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2020 7 The answer is definitely"yes",although it is a difficult task.If we now measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school,instead of just enrolling for classes,which used to be the measuring stickfor education,then the challenge becomes even moredifficult.Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates.The number rises t0 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still,the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community.59 0f the 88 countries at risk Can reach universal primary completion by 2020 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher—performing systems.They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support.The 29countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress.But this isattainable with creative solution,including use of information technologies,flexible and targeted foreignaid,and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a count ry’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies,institutions and management.Where a country scores well on thesecriteria,foreign assistance Can be highly effective.根据以上内容,回答41-55题。

2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习（6）TV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television isthe size of the audience.A novel can be on the "best seller" lists with a sale of fewer than 100，000 copies,but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV can make anythingor anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows,which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.A quiz show can make anyone a star,and it can give away thousands of dollars in the U.S.and almost everyone watched them.Charles Van Doren,an English instructor,became rich and famous after winning money on several shows.He even had a career as a television personality.But one of the losersproved that Charles Van Doren was cheating.It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings,gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand.Why？Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game,they turned the show off.The result of this cheating wasa huge scandal.Based on his story,a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV.But game shows are still here,though they aren't taken as seriously.In fact,some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible.Thereare shows that send strangers on vacation trips together,orthat try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV,orthat punish losers by humiliation them.The entertainment nowis to see what people will do just to be on TV.People stillwin money,but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.注释：1、the size of the audience：观众的数目、规模。

2020年职称英语卫生类模拟题：阅读判断2020年职称英语卫生类模拟题：阅读判断Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, but also the most neglected or skipped . common reasons fornot eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast , and dieting.Breakfast simply means the fast. Your body spends atleast six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state. Inthe morning your body needs energy to rev up(转动起来)intohigh gear for the day’s work ahead.If you skip breakfast , you are likely to concentrateless effectively in the late morning ,feel irritable(易怒的),short-tempered ,tired ,or weak.When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also , people who skip breakfast often binge(无节制的吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie snack in the morning .breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem solving ability.Not hungry in the morning ? well , what time was dinner? Did you have a large evening snack? A large dinner or a large bedtime snack can cause you to not feel hungry in the morning. It makes sense to eat more in the morning when there is afull day of activity ahead of you. Instead we, tend to haveour largest meal in the evening when we are gearing down for sleep.A good breakfast should provide up 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average we eat 400 less calories for breakfast then for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter diner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.1. the writer thinks breakfast can be neglected or skipped in the day.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2. some people do not eat breakfast because they want to lose weight.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. if a person does not have breakfast , he would likely find it hard to pay close attention to what he is doing.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. a good breakfast should provide up half of your total calorie needs for the day.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. the best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. eating breakfast regularly can help you lose weight.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. to make a breakfast more attractive , we can eat lighter dinner early in the evening.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案： B A A B C C A。

2020年职称英语综合类阅读理解考试模拟题(7)Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day, it is also the most neglected or skipped. Common reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting.Breakfast simply means "break the fast." Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state.In the morning your body needs energy to rev up(转动起来)into high gear for the day's work ahead.If you skip breakfast, you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning, feel irritable, short-tempered(易怒的), tired, or weak.When you choose not to eat breakfast, your body stays in slow gear. Also, people who skip breakfast often binge(无节制地大吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie(高卡路里)snack in the morning. Breakfast eaters tendto eat less fat during the day, have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem-solvingability.A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day. On the average, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.If you still aren't hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or toast or have a mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later. To make matters worse, since your body is in a slowed state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently. If you feed your body healthy snacks and meals throughout the day, you are less likely to become extremely hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat.Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right fuel is important. The best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as breads, rice, noodles, and cereals.36 The word "fast" in the phrase "break the fast" in paragraph 2 meansA "a series of quick actions".B "a habit of eating".C "a strict rule".D "a period of not eating".37 Which of the following is NOT true of a person who does not have breakfast?A He will be easily distracted.B He will tend to lose his temper.C He will become very talkative.D He will feel weak.38 You can improve your appetite for breakfast byA drinking a glass of milk before going to bed.B not eating too much for dinner in the evening.C eating a big dinner in the evening.D having some juice and a toast for dinner.39 Which of the following is a healthy eating habit?A Eating as little as possible.B Eating no breakfast,C Eating three regular meals a day.D Eating no lunch.40 Which food is NOT fit for breakfast?A Fat meat.B Rice.C Bread.D Juice.36. D 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. A。

2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题库：A级阅读理解Viral and Bacterial Bronchitis Revealing The DifferencesDiseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria； however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and bacterial bronchitis.Not many people can tell the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis. Only a medical practitioner will beable to point out the differences between viral and bacterial bronchitis after a careful examination of the patient and the results of laboratory tests.Commonly, viruses cause bronchitis. People with viral bronchitis suffer from difficulties in breathing, headache, pain, wheezing, and other symptoms, such as low-grade fever. Patients will have a persistent, nonproductive cough and will not feel that ill. Bacterial bronchitis, on the other hand,is a more dangerous condition. You will suffer from a high fever and a persistent, productive cough with dark, discolored, and thick mucus.Just as there is a difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis, there is also a difference between the treatments of these conditions. Viral bronchitis does not really require any treatment. Home remedies can successfully heal a person from this condition. However, it cannot and should not be neglected.Care should be taken during the healing process. You need to take a lot of rest and increase your fluid intake. Taking more liquids such as fruit juices, water, and soup helps liquefy the phlegm and makes it easier for the body to expel it. In case of muscle pains, take acetaminophen. If the symptoms cause a great deal of distress, take cough suppressants or expectorants in order to liquefy the mucus. Taking a warm shower or a hot bath also facilitates the expulsion of mucus.In case of bacterial bronchitis, your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, and erythromycin. The antibiotic to be taken depends on thestrain of the bacteria infecting your bronchial tubes. When you are on antibiotic therapy, you may have side effects characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Some bacteria are drug resistant, and recently, the FDA approved the use of a drug called gemiflaoxacin mesylate for such bacteria. It comes in the form of an oral tablet that has to be taken daily for five days. The side effects of this drug are diarrhea, skin rashes, and nausea.It is not possible to treat a viral infection with antibiotics； attempts to do so will worsen your condition. Before using any drug, consult your doctor and find out if it is safe for you to use that drug. Cardio respiratory exercises help to regain normal lung function and to expel any excess mucus after the completion of the healing process36.Bronchitis isA.viral only.B.bacterial only.C.both viral and bacterial.D.neither viral nor bacterial准确答案：C37.Which of the followings is NOT a symptom of viral bronchitisA.Difficulties in breathing and wheezing.B.Headache and pain.C.A low-grade fever.D.A persistent, productive cough准确答案：D38.What can be done to relieve the symptoms during the healing processA.Taking more dry solid food helps to liquefy the mucus.B.Taking a warm shower or a hot bath facilitates the expulsion of mucus.C.Taking acetaminophen help liquefy the mucus.D.Taking cough suppressants or expectorants controls muscle pain准确答案：B39.The side effects of antibiotic therapy includes the following EXCEPTA.abdominal pain, , and nausea.。