2010年考研英语近义词辨析及举例

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2010年考研英语近义词辨析及举例

acute, critical, crucial, urgent——严重的,重要的

1.acute a. 剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)

举例:An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.

翻译:食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

2.critical a.意为关键的,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。

区别:与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指批判性的,分析性的.

举例:It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.

翻译:为了考好你必须用功学习,否则你会不及格的。

3.crucial a.意为决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的,最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。

举例:Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

翻译:消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

4.urgent a.意为紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的,它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调紧急的状态。

举例:We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.

翻译:我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary——调整、改变

1.adjust v. 一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理

举例:I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.

翻译:我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

2.regulate v. 指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,使之准确工作或运行;多含有控制之意。

举例:Lights are used to regulate the traffic.

翻译:红绿灯被用来管制交通。

3.rectify v. 纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)

举例:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.

翻译:他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

4.amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等

举例:The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.

翻译:政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

5.convert v. 改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

举例:Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.

翻译:英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

举例:He’s converted to Catholicism.

翻译:他已经皈依天主教。

6.alter v. 使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

举例:The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.

翻译:裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

7.modify v. 改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。

举例:He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.

翻译:他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。 8.transform v. 指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

举例:Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.

翻译:重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。

9.vary v. 强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异

举例:Air fares vary from one airline to another.

翻译:航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

admit, confess, concede——承认

admit v. 指由于说服、再三追问而承认某一事实或过错

举例:I admit that you have a point.

翻译:我承认你有理。

confess v. 供认(罪行、过错等),含有坦白、招认的意思

举例:He confessed his crimes to the judge.

翻译:他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v. 指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指以退为进的承认。

举例:The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.

翻译:造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

affiliate, link, attach, append——附加

affiliate v. 加入,成为……一部分

an affiliated middle school 一所附属中学

link v. 将人或物连接起来

举例:The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.

翻译:群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。

attach v. 将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上

举例:I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.

翻译:我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。

append v. 增加,附加(与attach的意思比较接近)

举例:The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.

翻译:律师在合同后又附加了两页。

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim——声称

affirm v. 坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。

举例:He affirmed his love for her.

翻译:他发誓爱她。

assert v. 指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。

举例:She asserted that she was innocent .

翻译:她宣称自己是无辜的。

allege v. 在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。

举例:The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.

翻译:嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v. 要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

举例:They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city. 翻译:他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v. 宣布,宣告,多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有预告的意味。

举例:The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.

翻译:印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v. 宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。

举例:The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.

翻译:当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify——加强

aggravate v. 加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化

举例:I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.

翻译:我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce v. 增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。

举例:A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.

翻译:一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。

increase v. 指数量上的增加

举例:The number of people has been increased.

翻译:人数增加了。

strengthen v. 加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger

举例:Exercising every day strengthens the heart.

翻译:每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

举例:Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.

翻译:人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v. 使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive

intensify colors 加深色彩

intensify hatred 加深仇恨

alert, cautious, considerate——小心的,谨慎的

alert a. 警惕的,留神的

举例:The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests’’ drinking need.