Comparing LDA with pLSI as a Dimensionality Reduction Method in Document Clustering

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ComparingLDAwithpLSIasaDimensionality

ReductionMethodinDocumentClustering

TomonariMasada,SenyaKiyasu,andSueharuMiyahara

NagasakiUniversity,1-14Bunkyo-machi,Nagasaki852-8521,Japan{masada,kiyasu,miyahara}@cis.nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Abstract.Inthispaper,wecomparelatentDirichletallocation(LDA)withprobabilisticlatentsemanticindexing(pLSI)asadimensionalityreductionmethodandinvestigatetheireffectivenessindocumentclus-teringbyusingreal-worlddocumentsets.Forclusteringofdocuments,weuseamethodbasedonmultinomialmixture,whichisknownasanefficientframeworkfortextmining.ClusteringresultsareevaluatedbyF-measure,i.e.,harmonicmeanofprecisionandrecall.WeuseJapaneseandKoreanWebarticlesforevaluationandregardthecategoryassignedtoeachWebarticleasthegroundtruthfortheevaluationofcluster-ingresults.OurexperimentshowsthatthedimensionalityreductionviaLDAandpLSIresultsindocumentclustersofalmostthesamequal-ityasthoseobtainedbyusingoriginalfeaturevectors.Therefore,wecanreducethevectordimensionwithoutdegradingclusterquality.Fur-ther,bothLDAandpLSIaremoreeffectivethanrandomprojection,thebaselinemethodinourexperiment.However,ourexperimentprovidesnomeaningfuldifferencebetweenLDAandpLSI.ThisresultsuggeststhatLDAdoesnotreplacepLSIatleastfordimensionalityreductionindocumentclustering.

1Introduction

Documentclusteringisaclassicproblemoftextmining.Inrecentyears,cluster-

ingisprovedtobeeffectiveinsummarizingasearchresultorindistinguishing

differenttopicslatentinsearchresults[29][7][5].Withrespecttothistypeofapplication,clusteringisexpectedtoprovidearesultatquerytime.Incontrast,

enterprisedocumentsstoredintheintranetorthepatentdocumentsrelatingto

aspecifictechnicalfieldformadocumentsetwhichisnotsosmallasasearch

resultand,simultaneously,notsolargeasthosetargetedbyopenWebsearch

services[12][15][18].Inthispaper,weconsiderapplicationsmanagingthistype

ofdocumentset,i.e.,adocumentsetofmiddle-rangesizeandfocusonlatent

Dirichletallocation(LDA)[10]alongwithprobabilisticlatentsemanticindexing

(pLSI)[17],whichareapplicabletosuchdocumentsetsinrealisticexecution

time.Thesetwomethodssharethefollowingspecialfeature:topicmultiplicity

ofeachdocumentisexplicitlymodeled.Therefore,wecanconsidertopicmix-

tureforeachdocument.ThisfeaturemakesLDAandpLSIdifferentiatefrom

multinomialmixturemodel[24]andalsofromDirichletmixturemodel[21][19].

T.TokunagaandA.Ortega(Eds.):LKR2008,LNAI4938,pp.13–26,2008.c󰀁Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg200814T.Masada,S.Kiyasu,andS.Miyahara

However,LDAemployesaBayesianinferenceframework,whichmakesLDA

moretheoreticallyattractivethanpLSI.

Inthispaper,weuseLDAandpLSIfordimensionalityreductionoffeature

vectorsindocumentclusteringandcheckifLDAcanreplacepLSIforthistask.

Ouroriginalfeaturevectorshavefrequenciesofwordsastheirentriesandthus

areofdimensionequaltothenumberofvocabularies.BothLDAandpLSI

reducethedimensionofdocumentvectorstothenumberoftopics,whichisfar

lessthanthenumberofvocabularies.Roughlyspeaking,wecanregardeach

entryofthevectorsofreduceddimensionasatopicfrequency,i.e.,thenumber

ofwordsrelatingtoeachtopic.Weinvestigatetheeffectivenessofdimensionality

reductionbyconductingaclusteringonfeaturevectorsofreduceddimension.

OurexperimentusesfourdifferentsetsofJapaneseandKoreanWebarticles.

Eacharticlesetconsistsoftensofthousandsofdocuments,i.e.,adocumentset

ofmiddle-rangesize.Weuseaclusteringmethodbasedonmultinomialmixture

withEMalgorithmforparameterestimation.Multinomialmixtureiswell-known

asaneffectiveframeworkfortextminingapplications,e.g.junke-mailfiltering[26].Whilewehavealsotestedk-meansclusteringmethod,thisdoesnotgive

clustersofsatisfyingqualityincomparisonwithmultinomialmixture.Therefore,

wedonotincludethoseresultsinthispaper.Inevaluatingclusterquality,we

comparethequalitybeforeandafterdimensionalityreductionviaLDAandpLSI.

Further,wecomparethesetwomethodswithrandomprojection[9],whichwe

regardasthebaselinemethodinthispaper.Weusethecategoryassignedto

eacharticleasthegroundtruthforevaluatingclusterquality.Therefore,wetry

torecoverdocumentcategoriesbasedonthetopicfrequenciesobtainedbythe

twomulti-topicdocumentmodels,LDAandpLSI.Whiletheinferenceofthe

correctnumberofclustersisimportant,thisisbeyondourscope.Wehaveused

thetruenumberofclustersasaninput.

Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2givespreviouswork

concerningapplicationsofLDAtoreal-worlddata.Section3includesashort

descriptionofLDA.SincepLSIhasalreadybecomemorewidelyacceptedthan

LDA,weomitthedetailsaboutpLSIfromthispaperandrefertotheoriginal

paper[17].TheresultsofevaluationexperimentispresentedinSection4.Section

5drawsconclusionsandgivesfuturework.

2PreviousWork

Recently,manyapplicationsofLDAtoreal-worldproblemsareproposed,e.g.

multimodalinformationintegration[8][20],topic-authorrelationshipanalysis