Comparing LDA with pLSI as a Dimensionality Reduction Method in Document Clustering
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ComparingLDAwithpLSIasaDimensionality
ReductionMethodinDocumentClustering
TomonariMasada,SenyaKiyasu,andSueharuMiyahara
NagasakiUniversity,1-14Bunkyo-machi,Nagasaki852-8521,Japan{masada,kiyasu,miyahara}@cis.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Abstract.Inthispaper,wecomparelatentDirichletallocation(LDA)withprobabilisticlatentsemanticindexing(pLSI)asadimensionalityreductionmethodandinvestigatetheireffectivenessindocumentclus-teringbyusingreal-worlddocumentsets.Forclusteringofdocuments,weuseamethodbasedonmultinomialmixture,whichisknownasanefficientframeworkfortextmining.ClusteringresultsareevaluatedbyF-measure,i.e.,harmonicmeanofprecisionandrecall.WeuseJapaneseandKoreanWebarticlesforevaluationandregardthecategoryassignedtoeachWebarticleasthegroundtruthfortheevaluationofcluster-ingresults.OurexperimentshowsthatthedimensionalityreductionviaLDAandpLSIresultsindocumentclustersofalmostthesamequal-ityasthoseobtainedbyusingoriginalfeaturevectors.Therefore,wecanreducethevectordimensionwithoutdegradingclusterquality.Fur-ther,bothLDAandpLSIaremoreeffectivethanrandomprojection,thebaselinemethodinourexperiment.However,ourexperimentprovidesnomeaningfuldifferencebetweenLDAandpLSI.ThisresultsuggeststhatLDAdoesnotreplacepLSIatleastfordimensionalityreductionindocumentclustering.
1Introduction
Documentclusteringisaclassicproblemoftextmining.Inrecentyears,cluster-
ingisprovedtobeeffectiveinsummarizingasearchresultorindistinguishing
differenttopicslatentinsearchresults[29][7][5].Withrespecttothistypeofapplication,clusteringisexpectedtoprovidearesultatquerytime.Incontrast,
enterprisedocumentsstoredintheintranetorthepatentdocumentsrelatingto
aspecifictechnicalfieldformadocumentsetwhichisnotsosmallasasearch
resultand,simultaneously,notsolargeasthosetargetedbyopenWebsearch
services[12][15][18].Inthispaper,weconsiderapplicationsmanagingthistype
ofdocumentset,i.e.,adocumentsetofmiddle-rangesizeandfocusonlatent
Dirichletallocation(LDA)[10]alongwithprobabilisticlatentsemanticindexing
(pLSI)[17],whichareapplicabletosuchdocumentsetsinrealisticexecution
time.Thesetwomethodssharethefollowingspecialfeature:topicmultiplicity
ofeachdocumentisexplicitlymodeled.Therefore,wecanconsidertopicmix-
tureforeachdocument.ThisfeaturemakesLDAandpLSIdifferentiatefrom
multinomialmixturemodel[24]andalsofromDirichletmixturemodel[21][19].
T.TokunagaandA.Ortega(Eds.):LKR2008,LNAI4938,pp.13–26,2008.cSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg200814T.Masada,S.Kiyasu,andS.Miyahara
However,LDAemployesaBayesianinferenceframework,whichmakesLDA
moretheoreticallyattractivethanpLSI.
Inthispaper,weuseLDAandpLSIfordimensionalityreductionoffeature
vectorsindocumentclusteringandcheckifLDAcanreplacepLSIforthistask.
Ouroriginalfeaturevectorshavefrequenciesofwordsastheirentriesandthus
areofdimensionequaltothenumberofvocabularies.BothLDAandpLSI
reducethedimensionofdocumentvectorstothenumberoftopics,whichisfar
lessthanthenumberofvocabularies.Roughlyspeaking,wecanregardeach
entryofthevectorsofreduceddimensionasatopicfrequency,i.e.,thenumber
ofwordsrelatingtoeachtopic.Weinvestigatetheeffectivenessofdimensionality
reductionbyconductingaclusteringonfeaturevectorsofreduceddimension.
OurexperimentusesfourdifferentsetsofJapaneseandKoreanWebarticles.
Eacharticlesetconsistsoftensofthousandsofdocuments,i.e.,adocumentset
ofmiddle-rangesize.Weuseaclusteringmethodbasedonmultinomialmixture
withEMalgorithmforparameterestimation.Multinomialmixtureiswell-known
asaneffectiveframeworkfortextminingapplications,e.g.junke-mailfiltering[26].Whilewehavealsotestedk-meansclusteringmethod,thisdoesnotgive
clustersofsatisfyingqualityincomparisonwithmultinomialmixture.Therefore,
wedonotincludethoseresultsinthispaper.Inevaluatingclusterquality,we
comparethequalitybeforeandafterdimensionalityreductionviaLDAandpLSI.
Further,wecomparethesetwomethodswithrandomprojection[9],whichwe
regardasthebaselinemethodinthispaper.Weusethecategoryassignedto
eacharticleasthegroundtruthforevaluatingclusterquality.Therefore,wetry
torecoverdocumentcategoriesbasedonthetopicfrequenciesobtainedbythe
twomulti-topicdocumentmodels,LDAandpLSI.Whiletheinferenceofthe
correctnumberofclustersisimportant,thisisbeyondourscope.Wehaveused
thetruenumberofclustersasaninput.
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2givespreviouswork
concerningapplicationsofLDAtoreal-worlddata.Section3includesashort
descriptionofLDA.SincepLSIhasalreadybecomemorewidelyacceptedthan
LDA,weomitthedetailsaboutpLSIfromthispaperandrefertotheoriginal
paper[17].TheresultsofevaluationexperimentispresentedinSection4.Section
5drawsconclusionsandgivesfuturework.
2PreviousWork
Recently,manyapplicationsofLDAtoreal-worldproblemsareproposed,e.g.
multimodalinformationintegration[8][20],topic-authorrelationshipanalysis