Section Four: Text AppreciationThis essay is definitely categorized as a piece of literature in the full and deep sense, for with its unique beauty and charm it succeeds in cultivating and fostering special feelings and attitudes towards Oxford among the readers. There are three elements making the writing highly literary. The first is the author’s effort to create a general impression of Oxford upon the readers, rather than present accurate detailed facts. The second element is the romantic atmosphere the author creates. The third is uplifting inspiration as advocated by neo-classicists. On Page 59 of the textbook, several examples of these elements have been given. Can you give another three examples in the text that illustrate the three elements?1) An example of creating a general impression of Oxford upon the readers rather than presenting accurate detailed facts to them can be found in Paragraph 3: “I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and frettedpalace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with an almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud.”2) An example of the romantic atmosphere the author creates can be found in Paragraph 4:“…that give a glimpse and a hint—no more—of a fairy-land of shelter and fountains within.”3) An example of uplifting inspiration can be found in Paragraph 7: “…the ideals that may not make for immediate national greatness, but which, if delicately and faithfully nurtured, hold out at least a hope of affecting the intellectual and spiritual life of the world.”Section Five: Consolidation ActivitiesLanguage WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. →stimulated or excited byused to the greatest advantage2.→decayed in appearanceis filled withis excited by3.→ reflecting; showing4.→sense; suggestionreveal clearly; manifest5.→ a thing that people can choose freely as they pleasea prevailing standard of belief or conduct; state of the mind6.→ companionship; companyII. Choose a word that best completes each of the following sentences.1. → CExplanation:vaccination: 接种疫苗valence: 化合价vagrancy: 流浪variance: （意见）分歧“Vagrancy” and “begging” are symmetrical, and more logical as a match in this sentence than the other three options. Thus C is the most suitable choice for the sentence.2. → Acongenial: agreeable or pleasantcongressional: of or about congressconga: to perform conga, a dance of Latin-American origin in which the dancers form a long winding line 跳康茄舞cognizant: aware or consciousJudging from the context, “she”is looking for an agreeable place to live in, for which meaning “congenial”is the best match.3. → BExplanation:cornice: ornamental moulding, e.g. in plaster, round the walls of a room, just below the ceiling 飞檐captivity: the state of being kept imprisoned or enclosed cloister: covered passage that surrounds one side of a square garden in a church, monastery etc. 回廊contemplation: quiet, serious thinking about somethingFrom the context we can see the Italian hostage was imprisoned for six weeks, so we should choose “captivity” for the blank.4. → Dat hand: coming soon, easy to reachin hand: being worked on or dealt with, in one’s possession or control, under considerationoff hand: immediately, without time to think about it or find out about somethingout of hand: promptly, out of controlFrom the context we can see the absenteeism has got out of control, that is, out of hand, so D is the best choice.5. → AExplanation:Only A can go together with “investigation”.instigate: cause (sth.) to begin or happen, initiatepinch: take or hold (sth.) in a tight grip between the thumb and fingerscreen: conceal, protect or shelter sth. /sb. with a screen infuse: put (a quality) into sb. /sth.6. → DExplanation:ornament: decorationaltar: table or raised flat-topped platform on which offerings are made to a godecclesiasticism: exaggerated attachment to the practices or principles of the Christian Church 教会中心主义，教条主义appropriation: the process of saving money for a special purpose, or the money that is saved, especially by a business or government 拨款Apparently, Samuel Morse requested some money from the Congress, so “appropriation” is suitable for the blank.7. DExplanation:pomp (n.): splendid display or magnificence, esp. at a public eventquaint: attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashionedakin: similar, relatedoptimistic: believing that good things will happen in the future Among the four words, only “optimistic” can be matched with “about”, and expresses an attitude towards the coming championship.Explanation: Only A suits the sentence semantically.show up: make known the real truth aboutshow off: put out nicely for peopleput out: extinguish (a fire), force to leaveput away: put sth. in a proper place9. → CExplanation: From the former part of the sentence we can see Mara only had a brief look at him. In the four words given, “hint” means “indirect suggestion” and “sight” means “ability to see, vision”. These two words do not express the meaning of “quick look”. Both “glance” and “glimpse” have the meaning of “a quick look at someone or something”, but a “glance” means the act of quickly looking at someone or something, i.e. the process of looking, while a “glimpse” is a sight that you see by chance for a very short time, i.e. the result of looking. In a way we can say “glimpse” is the result of “glance”. People “take a glance at sth.” and “get/catch a glimpse of” it. In the sentence, there is the word “caught”, indicating the result is emphasized, so C is the best choice.Explanation:ardent: full of ardour, enthusiasticarbitrary: based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason hustling: in a rough and hurried mannerdarting: moving with sudden speedThe former part of the sentence says that we did not actually understand the issue at hand before decision-making, so the choice could not have been based on thorough consideration or reason; it may well be “arbitrary” (based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason).III. F ill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs or collocations from the text.1. → potentExplanation: From the context we can see the sentence intends to tell that the drug is effective but has side effects. “Potent”means “(for drugs) having a strong effect”.e.g. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.2. → picturesqueExplanation: A “travelogue”is a film or piece of writing that describes travel in a particular country, or a particular person’s travels. For such kind of writing the language is usually “picturesque”(meaning “strikingly expressive or vivid”), or poetic.3.→ entwinesExplanation: “Entwine” means to twist two things together or to wind one thing around another. In this sentence, the documentary combines, or “entwines”, the personal and the political.4. → sturdyExplanation: A resistance is usually either strong and powerful, or weak and passive. A strong and powerful resistance is a “sturdy” one.5. →IntoxicatedExplanation: He lost his orientation because of his indulgence in the honours he got, that is, he was too excited and could not think clearly. “Intoxicated” just means “too excited and unable to think clearly”.6. → porticoExplanation: The guests could only have reached a place. In the given words, only “portico” (柱廊) is a place.7. → ruinousExplanation: Gambling is destructive to working class young men; that is what the sentence conveys judging from the context. Hence “ruinous” (meaning “causing great harm and destruction”) is the word for the blank in the sentence.8. → imperishableExplanation: The second part of the sentence indicates that the beauty of the Byzantine buildings is lasting. “Imperishable”means “lasting forever, or never weakening with age”.IV. Proof-reading.1. → be →beingExplanation: “Admit to sth./doing sth.” is the right collocation. “To” is a preposition.e.g. He admits to not having won any prizes or scholarships.Trying to measure what will happen in the next two decadesis a hazardous task and the Central Planning Bureau admits to uncertainty.2. → which → thatExplanation: “Some action will affect something else”is an appositive clause attached to “an illogical belief”. It should be introduced by “that”, not “which” .3. → related → unrelatedExplanation: A superstition usually establishes reluctant relationships between two “unrelated” things or actions.4. → includes →includingExplanation: The predicate of this sentence is “has been revered”, so “include”must be put in the form of “nonfinite verb”. Its “–ing participle” is needed specifically.5. → soundly → soundExplanation: “Seem” (a linking verb) should be followed by an adjective instead of an adverb.6. → their → itsExplanation: The antecedent of the pronoun here is “voodooism”, which is singular, not plural.7. → physically ∧ a → asExplanation: “Suffer physically” and “a result of injury” should be connected by a linking word, otherwise they make no sense together. “As a result of sth.”(meaning “because of sth.”) can link “suffer physically” and “injury”.8. → questioning → questionedExplanation: The subject of the sentence is the object of the verb “question”, so the “–ed participle” should be used to indicate the passive voice.9. → an →/Explanation: “In accordance with” is a phrasal expression.in accordance with a rule/law/wish/etc.: following or obeying a rule/law/wish/etce.g. In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France.10. → intend → intentionExplanation: “Original” is an adjective, and should be followedby a noun. The noun form of “intend” is “intention”.V. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1. → upExplanation:“Up to” is used to say that something is less than or equal to but not more than a stated value, number or level.e.g. Up to two hundred people were on board the ship.We can teach dancers up to intermediate level here.2. → responsibilityExplanation:The words or phrases after the word “for”are the things the Vice-Chancellor is responsible for, so “responsibility”is a suitable word put before “for”.3. → figureExplanation:“Public figure” (公众人物，社会名人) is a phrasal expression.4. → body“Body”can refer to a group of people working or acting as a unit.e.g. a body of troops / supporters / people, etc.an elected bodyA government body is investigating the problem.5. → fourExplanation:The listed committees after the colon are four.6. → restsExplanation:rest with: lie with; be the responsibility ofe.g. The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge．It rests with you to decide．7. → DivisionsExplanation:The key is indicated by the next sentence: “Each division…”8. → thoughThe parenthetical expression here expresses concession. The sentence means “although the thirty-nine colleges are independent and self-governing, they form a core element of the University”.9. → whomExplanation:The antecedent modified by this non-restrictive attributive clause is “Fellows”, so the relative pronouns who and whom can be used to introduce the clause. Then this pronoun occurs after the preposition “of”, so “whom” is the suitable word.10. → undergraduateExplanation:According to common sense, a college often offers undergraduate and graduate degrees. “Graduate”is already mentioned in the sentence, so “undergraduate”is the missing word.TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English.Hints播撒…的种子sow the seeds of…高贵的简朴stately simplicity宁静的庄严quiet solemnity不可遏制的激情unbridled enthusiasm无法言喻的兴奋inexpressible thrill古典学问的养料nutriments of classical learning人类文明不朽的纪念碑imperishable monuments of human civilization精神生活的天堂paradise for spiritual lifeKeyThe University of Oxford casts a magic spell over many people. It is deemed as a garden where the seeds of beauty and emotion, of wisdom and understanding are sown. Over there, classical buildings fuse the intellectual spirit of Greece and the dignified magnificence of Rome. Its special charm lies in melodious bells, stately simplicity, quiet solemnity, unbridled enthusiasm, the tide of youthful life, and ardent hope. All spirits, generous and delicate, pay homage to it and all hearts feel an inexpressible thrill at the sight of its towers and domes, its walls and groves. You are likely to find yourself immersed in the nutriments of classical learning, wondering at imperishablemonuments of human civilization, and to find yourself greatly stirred up by the beating pulse of modern life, feeling an urge to create a new world. You are likely to set ideals which extend from immediate success to immortal glory. In a sense, the University of Oxford is not only a school to make you an earthly success, but also a paradise for your spiritual life. So you may enjoy a kind of satisfying isolation if you are granted an opportunity to pursue studies in the University of Oxford.II. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.牛津具有一种绝非英国所特有的精神，这种精神超越民族，为更广泛的人类所共有。
