Multiple Choice 30’1) Economics is best defined asA) how people make money and profits in the stock market. B) making choices from an unlimited supply of goods and services.C) making choices with unlimited wants but facing a scarcity of resources.D) controlling a budget for a household.Answer: C2) Scarcity exists becauseA) society and people are greedy and wasteful.B) our wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.C) of the inefficient choices we make.D) poor people need more food and other goods.Answer: Answer: B3) After you graduate, you have decided to accept a position working at the Bureau of Labor Statistics for $45,000.00 a year. The two other offers you received wereworking for Wal-Mart for $38,000 and working for Ernst and Young consulting for $42,000. Of these two offers, you would have preferred the job at Ernst and Young. What is the opportunity cost of accepting the position at the Bureau of Labor Statistics?A) the $45,000 you are paid for working at the Bureau of Labor StatisticsB) the $42,000 you would have been paid working for Ernst and YoungC) the $38,000 you would have been paid working for Wal-MartD) the $42,000 you would have been paid working for Ernst and Young and the $38,000 you would have been paid working for Wal-MartAnswer: B4) Which of the following is a normative statement?A) Studying more hours leads to an increase in your GPA.B) An increase in tax rates means people work fewer hours.C) Taking extra vitamin C prevents catching a cold.D) States should require all motorcycle riders to wear helmets to reduce the number of riders killed.Answer: D 姓名 微观经济学1・2章纸质练习 分数Quantity (thousands of pounds of peanuts per week)5) a. The above figure shows how many pounds of peanuts farmers are willing to sell at different prices per pound of peanuts. If the price of a pound of peanuts is $1 and the price of a pound of pecans is $2, peanut farmers are willing to sellA)no peanuts.B)1000 pounds of peanuts.C)2000 pounds of peanuts.D)4000 pounds of peanuts.Answer: Ab. In the figure above, suppose the price of a pound of pecans is negatively related to the quantity of peanuts that farmers are willing to supply. If the price of pecans increases,A)the curve will shift rightward.B)the curve will shift leftward.C)there is a movement along the curve.D)the curve will be unaffected.Answer: B6)When producing at a production efficient point,.A)our choice of the goods can be either on or within the production possibilities frontierB)we can satisfy our all wantsC)the opportunity cost of another good is zeroD)we face a tradeoff and incur an opportunity costAnswer: D7)A tradeoff is illustrated byA)a point inside the PPF.B)a point outside the PPF.C)a change in the slope of the PPF.D)the negative slope of the PPF.Answer: D8)Jane produces only corn and cloth. Taking account of her preferences for corn and clothA)makes her production possibilities frontier straighter.B)makes her production possibilities frontier steeper.C)makes her production possibilities frontier flatter.D)does not affect her production possibilities frontier.Answer: D9)A reduction in the amount of unemploymentA)shifts the production possibilities frontier outward.B)moves the economy's point of production closer to the production possibilities frontier.C)moves the economy's point of production along the production possibilities frontier.D)moves the economy's point of production further away from the production possibilities frontier.Answer: B10)a. Refer to the table above, which gives five points on a nation's PPF. The production of 7 units of X and 28 units of Y isA)impossible given the available resources.B)possible but leaves some resources less than fully used or misallocated.C)on the production possibilities frontier between points c and d.D)on the production possibilities frontier between points b and c.Answer: Bb.Refer to the table above, which gives five points on a nation's PPF. The opportunity cost of increasing the production of Y from 16 to 36 units is a total ofA)1/5 unit of X per unit of Y.B)2/5 unit of X per unit of Y.C)1/2 unit of X per unit of Y.D)3/5 unit of X per unit of Y.Answer: Bc.Refer to the table above, which gives five points on a nation's PPF. As we increase the production of X,A)the output of Y increases.B)unemployment increases.C)the opportunity cost of each new unit of X increases.D)the opportunity cost of each new unit of X decreases.Answer: C11)If the marginal benefit of a good exceeds its marginal cost,A)we've achieved efficient resource use.B)we should produce more to achieve the allocatively efficient use of resources.C)we should produce less to achieve the allocatively efficient use of resources.D)we cannot tell if more or less should be produced to achieve the allocatively efficient use of resources.12)The table above represents the marginal cost and marginal benefit associated with pizza (in terms of movies). What quantity of pizza should be produced if resources are to be used efficiently?A)5 pizzasB)6 pizzasC)7 pizzasD)8 pizzasAnswer: C13)Consider a production possibilities frontier with corn on the vertical axis and cars on the horizontal. Unusually good weather for growing corn shiftsA)the horizontal intercept rightward and the vertical intercept upward.B)the horizontal intercept rightward but does not shift the vertical intercept.C)the vertical intercept upward but does not shift the horizontal intercept.D)neither the horizontal intercept nor the vertical intercept.Answer: C14)Homer and Teddy are stranded on a desert island. To feed themselves each day they can either catch fish or pick fruit. In a day, Teddy could pick 60 pieces of fruit or catch 20 fish. Homer could pick 100 pieces of fruit or catch 150 fish. Which of the following statements is correct?A)Homer has an absolute advantage in catching fish and Teddy has an absolute advantage in picking fruit.B)Homer has an absolute advantage in picking fruit and Teddy has an absolute advantage in catching fish.C)Homer has an absolute advantage in both catching fish and picking fruit.D)Teddy has an absolute advantage in both catching fish and picking fruit. Answer: C15)Tom and Di grow tomatoes and turnips. Tom has a comparative advantage in growing tomatoes if.A)Tom can grow more tomatoes than Di canB)his opportunity cost of tomatoes is less than Di r s opportunity cost of tomatoesC)his opportunity cost of tomatoes is less than his opportunity cost of turnipsD)his marginal benefit from tomatoes is greater than Di f sAnswer: BTrue or False 10y1)Points outside the production possibilities frontier illustrate production points that cannot be attained.Answer: TRUE2)Moving downward along a PPF, the opportunity cost of another unit of the good measured along the horizontal axis decreases.Answer: FALSE3)The rich should pay higher income tax rates than the poor is an ex ample of a positive statement. False4)The more we have of a good or service, the smaller is its marginal benefit and the less we are willing to pay for an additional unit of it.Answer: TRUE5012 3 4 Books (per year) oooxsoptoOMND6OS 5) As long as the marginal benefit from a good is greater than its marginal cost, an economy is operating efficiently.Answer: FALSE6) Specialization and trade allow countries to consume beyond their PPFs. Answer: TRUE7) A circular flow diagram shows the flows from the goods and resources markets. Answer: TRUE8) Households are buyers in factor markets and sellers in goods markets•Answer: FALSE9) If two countries specialize in the production of goods in which they have a comparative advantage, they can experience gains from trade.Answer: TRUE10) When a nation is producing the allocatively efficient quantity of a product, the marginal benefit of producing the good equals the marginal cost of producing that good.Answer: TRUECalculation 10’20) The figure above shows Prakash's and Gails production possibilities frontiers for writing books and magazine articles.a) What is Prakash's opportunity cost of a book? What is GaiFs opportunity cost? Who has the comparative advantage in writing books?b) Who has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles?c) According to their comparative advantages, who should write books and who should write magazine articles?Answer:a) In a year, Prakash can write 2 books or 40 magazine articles. Hence theopportunity cost of 1 book is (40 magazine articles) : (2 books) = 20 magazine articles per book. In a year, Gail can write 3 books or 30 magazine articles. Hence the opportunity cost of I book is (30 magazine articles) 一 (3 books) = 10 magazine articlesper book. Gaifs opportunity cost of writing books is lower than Prakash's, so Gail has the comparative advantage in writing books.b) Prakash has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles.c)Gail has the comparative advantage in writing books, so she should write books- Prakash has the comparative advantage in writing magazine articles, so he should write magazine articles.。
第2章一、教材上的思考与练习题参考答案（梗概）：1. 富有的人对于丢失100元现金表现得无所谓，贫穷的人对于丢失50元现金却表现得焦虑不安，请用边际效用递减规律对此加以说明。
答：根据边际效用递减规律，100元现金对于富人的边际效用很低，所以他不在乎。
但50元现金对于穷人的边际效用很高，所以他很在乎。
2. 运用边际效用递减规律和消费者均衡理论说明丰富多样的暑期生活对于愉快的暑假的重要性。
答：如果暑期活动很单调、贫乏，那么少数活动带来的边际效用会急剧递减。
例如，对某一活动，如果天天玩，最后会觉得很乏味的。
学生在整个暑期的总效用不会高。
根据消费者均衡理论，应该从事丰富多彩的暑期活动，并使每一种活动的边际效用都相等，这时，学生的暑期生活才最愉快。
3. 对于一部轿车来说，第二只轮胎与第一只轮胎相比较，……第四只轮胎与第三只轮胎相比较，边际效用并未减少，这是否与边际效用递减规律相矛盾？为什么？答：与边际效用递减规律不矛盾。
因为在这里，四只轮胎是作为一个整体（一种商品）。
4．设商品A的需求函数为：Q A=200-10P A+8P B-7P C-9M。
其中，P A、P B、P C分别表示商品A、B、C的价格，M表示消费者收入。
那么A是正常商品还是低档商品？A与B及A与C是属于替代商品还是互补商品关系？又设商品F的需求函数为：Q F=150+19P F-5M。
则商品F是属于正常商品还是低档商品或吉芬商品？再设商品J的需求函数为：Q J=90-0.02P J+0.07M。
则商品J是属于必需品还是奢侈品？答：A是低档商品。
因为Q A与M成反向变化。
A与B属于替代商品关系，因为Q A与P B成正向变化。
A 与C 属于互补商品关系，因为Q A 与P C 成反向变化。
F 属于吉芬商品，因为Q F 与M 成反向变化，与P F 成正向变化。
J 属于必需品。
因为M 的变化只会导致Q J 的很小的正向变化。
5．评论下述对话。
答：对话双方的观点基本正确。
·习题解答一、判断正误并解释原因1.假如卫生组织发布一份报告，称某种蘑菇会致癌，则这种蘑菇的需求曲线会向右移。
分析：这种说法是错误的。
因为卫生组织发布该蘑菇会致癌的报告会使人们减少对此种蘑菇的需求量，因此其需求曲线会向左下方移。
2.预计某产品的价格会下降，则该产品的供给将会减少。
分析：这种说法是错误的。
因为当预计某产品的价格下降时，生产者会在价格下降前尽量多地生产产品，因此该产品的供给会增加。
3.如果政府对某种商品的生产者给予现金补贴，会使该商品的供给曲线向左上方移动。
分析：这种说法是错误的。
如果政府对某种商品的生产者给予现金补贴，会使该商品的供给曲线向右下方移动。
这与生产者生产成本减少或生产技术改善使供给曲线向右下方移动是一样的。
4.需求曲线的斜率和需求的价格弹性是相同的概念。
分析：这种说法是错误的。
二者是两个紧密联系却又不相同的概念。
需求曲线在某点的斜率为dP/ dQ，而需求的点弹性不仅取决于斜率的倒数值dQ/dP，还取决于P/Q。
5.假如某城市运输的需求的价格弹性为1.2，则为了增加运输的收入，运输价格应该降低。
分析：这种说法是正确的。
因为运输的需求的价格弹性为1.2，说明运输的需求是富有弹性的。
富有弹性的商品的价格与销售收入成反方向变动。
因此要增加收入必须降价。
6.降低价格一定会使供给量下降。
分析：这种说法是错误的。
对于一般商品来说，在其他因素不变的条件下，降低价格会使供给量减少。
但当其他因素发生变化时，降低价格不一定会使供给量减少。
二、选择正确答案1.在得出某种商品的个人需求曲线时，下列（）外均保持为常数。
A.个人收入B.其余商品的价格C.个人偏好D.所考虑商品的价格2.在得出某棉花种植农户的供给曲线时，下列（）外均保持常数。
A.土壤的肥沃程度B.技术水平C.棉花的种植面积D.棉花的价格3.在某一时期内彩色电视机的需求曲线向左平移的原因可以是（）。
A.彩色电视机的价格上升B.黑白电视机的价格上升C.消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格下降D.消费者的收入水平提高4.某月内，X商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升，分别引起X商品的需求变动量为50单位和80单位，则在它们共同作用下该月X商品需求数量（）。
